Falastinuna

Falastinuna was established in 1959,{{cite journal|title=Periodicals and Pamphlets Published by the Palestinian Commando Organizations|journal=Journal of Palestine Studies|volume=1|issue=1|year=1971|doi=10.2307/2536009|page=136|jstor=2536009}}{{cite book|author=Moshe Shemesh|title=The Palestinian National Revival: In the Shadow of the Leadership Crisis, 1937–1967|year=2018

|publisher=Indiana University Press|location=Bloomington, IN|isbn=9780253036599|pages=97,138,140|url=https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv5npkcc

|doi=10.2307/j.ctv5npkcc|s2cid=158990046}} and its first issue appeared in November that year.{{cite web|title=Khalil Al-Wazir (Abu Jihad) (1935-1988)|website=Yasser Arafat Foundation|access-date=21 October 2023|date=11 August 2022|url=https://yaf.ps/page-1114-en.html}} The founders of the magazine were two leading Palestinian figures, Yaser Arafat and Khalil Al Wazir. The magazine was the official media outlet of the Fatah group,{{cite thesis|author=Judith Nottingham|title=A study of the ideology of Palestinian Arab nationalism since 1948|pages=49–50|degree=MA|url=http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10102/|location=Durham University|year=1973}} and the name of the Fatah was first expressed in the magazine.{{cite journal|author=Moshe Shemesh|title=The Fida'iyyun Organization's Contribution to the Descent to the Six-Day War|year=2006|journal=Israel Studies|volume=11|issue=1|doi=10.2979/isr.2006.11.1.1

|pages=3–4|s2cid=145315984 }}

Falastinuna was a thirty-page monthly magazine which was headquartered in Beirut, Lebanon.{{cite journal|author=Rashid Hamid|title=What is the PLO?|journal=Journal of Palestine Studies|volume=4|issue=4|year=1975|doi=10.2307/2535603|page=92|jstor=2535603 }} Its masthead did not mention the names of the editors and contributors, and a post office box was given as its address.{{cite journal|author=Moshe Shemesh|title=Book review|journal=Middle Eastern Studies|volume=22

|issue=3|page=452|year=1986|jstor=4283134}} However, it was not an underground publication and was sold publicly, but it had no license.{{cite journal|author=Dina Matar|title=PLO Cultural Activism: Mediating Liberation Aesthetics in Revolutionary Contexts|journal=Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East|doi=10.1215/1089201x-6982123|volume=38|issue=2

|year=2018|page=362|s2cid=148869236|url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/24506/1/matar-plo-cultural-activism-mediating-liberation-aesthetics-in-revolutionary-contexts.pdf}}

The editors of Falastinuna were Al Wazir and Tawfiq Khoury who was also the publisher of the magazine.{{cite book|author=Ibrahim Ghosheh|title=The Red Minaret: Memoirs of Ibrahim Ghusheh (Ex-Spokesman of Hamas)|publisher=Al Zaytouna Centre|year=2013|isbn=978-9953-572-24-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ootTDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA60|page=60|location=Beirut|translator1=Hassan Ibrahim|translator2=Salma Al Houry}} Khoury was a member of the Lebanese Ubad Al Rahman Association which helped the establishment of the magazine. In addition, he was a member of the Muslim Brotherhood in Lebanon. In his memoirs Ibrahim Ghosheh, former member of the Muslim Brotherhood and former spokesman of Hamas, stated that at that time there was no difference of opinion between them and that the magazine was financially supported by the exiled members of the Muslim Brotherhood in Kuwait. He also added that Khalil Al Wazir was among the Muslim Brotherhood members.

The circulation of Falastinuna was very low in the initial phase, and it did not contain any advertisement. The magazine was distributed in the Arab countries, but its distribution was limited in Egypt and Syria which had a rigid censorship policy. It was officially banned in the Arab countries in the mid-1970s which was then distributed clandestinely in these countries.{{cite journal| author=Muhammad Y. Muslih|title=Moderates and Rejectionists within the Palestine Liberation Organization|journal=The Middle East Journal

|year=1976|volume=30|issue=2|jstor=4325481|page=128}} As a result the magazine was mostly distributed in the European countries, including West Germany.{{cite journal|author=Joseph Ben Prestel|title=A Diaspora Moment|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=127

|issue=3|date=September 2022|doi=10.1093/ahr/rhac260|page=1200}}

The Israeli authorities did not notice Falastinuna until the middle of 1964. The magazine ceased publication in 1968. It produced a total of forty issues during its run.

The slogan of Falastinuna declared that a "long-range, popular armed revolution is the path to the liberation of Falastin." Its major goal was to present and disclose the views and political stance of the Fatah movement between its start in 1959 and 1964. It played a significant role in recruiting members of the Fatah from the Arab world and facilitated interactions between the Fatah members and the Palestinians living in various regions.{{cite book|author=Wendy Pearlman|title=Violence, Nonviolence, and the Palestinian National Movement|page=64|location=Cambridge|url=https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139013239|year=2011|isbn=9781139013239

|doi=10.1017/CBO9781139013239|publisher=Cambridge University Press}} Moshe Shemesh, an Israeli writer and former intelligence officer, states that Falastinuna achieved these goals. The magazine employed a religious language to attract the attention of the Palestinian refugees in Gaza who came from rural and conservative backgrounds.

The program of the Fatah was published in Falastinuna in November 1959 which focused on Palestinian nationalism as the solution to the Palestinian crisis.{{cite journal|author=Ido Zelkovitz|title=Militancy and religiosity in the service of national aspiration: Fatah's formative years|journal=Israel Affairs|volume=21|issue=4|year=2015|doi=10.1080/13537121.2015.1076191|s2cid=146402745|page=677|author-link=Ido Zelkovitz}}{{cite journal|author=Helga Baumgarten|title=The Three Faces/Phases of Palestinian Nationalism, 1948––2005|journal=Journal of Palestine Studies|volume=34|issue=4|year=2005|doi=10.1525/jps.2005.34.4.25|pages=32–33}} The articles in the magazine made it clear that the Palestinian people not the Arab states were the only representative authority on this crisis. The reason for this claim was the failure of the Arab states to regain Palestine. However, as Hani Al Hasan stated, these early writings lacked a well-established theoretical framework.{{cite journal|author=Faris Giacaman

|title=Political Representation and Armed Struggle|journal=Journal of Palestine Studies|volume=43|issue=1|year=2013|page=27

|doi=10.1525/jps.2013.43.1.24}} For instance, a concrete reference to the Palestinians appeared only in the fourth issue.{{cite journal|author=Issa Al Shuaibi|title=The Development of Palestinian Entity-Consciousness: Part I|volume=9|journal=Journal of Palestine Studies|issue=1|year=1979|page=81|doi=10.2307/2536319|jstor=2536319}} The magazine's references to the term became both more frequent and more detailed from this issue. The other significant message given in the magazine was that the Palestinian national movement had to be ready for a long-term armed struggle like that of the Algerians and of the Vietnamese which should be supported by the Arabs and the other similar movements in the Third World countries.{{cite journal

|author=Eric Rouleau|author-link=Eric Rouleau|title=The Palestinian Quest|journal=Foreign Affairs|volume=53|issue=2|year=1975|page=273

|jstor=20039507|doi=10.2307/20039507}}

In each issue Falastinuna called its readers as The Children of the Catastrophe.{{cite book|author=David Hirst|title=The Gun and the Olive Branch: The Roots of Violence in the Middle East|year=1977|publisher=Faber and Faber|location=London|isbn=057111136X |pages=269–270|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.131536/2015.131536.The-Gun-And-The-Olive-Branch_djvu.txt|author-link=David Hirst (journalist)|edition=1st}} The magazine had the following sections which were all about the Palestine-related events: editorial, reports, poems, letters and slogans. There was a regular column in the magazine entitled Our Opinion of which the writer was anonymous, but David Hirst argued that this column was written by Khalil Al Wazir. Yasser Arafat published articles in Falastinuna to address the Palestinian refugees and the Palestinian diaspora.{{cite journal|author=Dina Matar

|title=The PLO's political communication arena; Arafat and the struggle for media legitimacy|doi=10.1080/13530194.2022.2087598|journal=British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies|year=2023|volume=50|issue=5|pages=1320–1336|doi-access=free}}

Falastinuna included many unsympathetic views about the Jordanian rulers, members of the Hashemite dynasty from the 196os. The magazine featured articles about several massacres carried out by Israeli forces against Palestinians such as the 1948 Deir Yassin massacre and the 1953 Qibya massacre. However, it failed to mention the Kafr Qasim massacre occurred in 1956.{{cite book|author=Tamir Sorek|title=Palestinian Commemoration in Israel. Calendars, Monuments and Martyrs|year=2015

|pages=47–48|publisher=Stanford University Press|doi=10.1515/9780804795203|isbn=9780804795203|url=https://doi.org/10.1515/9780804795203

|location=Standford, CA|s2cid=241920076 }} For the contributors of the magazine in 1964 the Palestine Liberation Organization was not so significant for their struggle in that it was established by the Arab states.{{cite journal|author=Helena Cobban|title=The PLO in the Mid-1980s: Between the Gun and the Olive Branch| journal=International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis|volume=38|issue=4

|year=1983|page=639|doi=10.1177/002070208303800405|s2cid=147677179 |author-link=Helena Cobban}} In the September 1964 issue Falastinuna replied a remark by Israel, "I am here by the sword.", completing it as follows: "[I am here by the sword] and only by the sword shall Israel be driven out."{{cite book|author=Tomis Kapitan|editor2=Tomis Kapitan|editor1=Raja Halwani|page=143|title=The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict|year=2008|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=London|isbn=978-0-230-59971-0|doi=10.1057/9780230599710_4|chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230599710_4|editor1-link=Raja Halwani|chapter=Terrorism|editor2-link=Tomis Kapitan}}

{{Reflist}}

{{Fatah|state=collapsed}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Falastinuna}}

Category:1959 establishments in Lebanon

Category:Anti-Israeli sentiment in Lebanon

Category:Banned magazines

Category:Defunct Arabic-language magazines

Category:Defunct magazines published in Lebanon

Category:Defunct political magazines

Category:Defunct socialist magazines

Category:History of Fatah

Category:Magazines established in 1959

Category:Magazines disestablished in 1968

Category:Monthly magazines published in Lebanon

Category:Magazines published in Beirut

Category:Palestine Liberation Organization