Family-centered practices

FCP uses different types of implementations such as intervention planning, providing learning opportunities and information, teaching interaction skills, delivering family therapy sessions, and teaching non-judgment and the positives of non-judgment.{{cite web|title=Family-Centered Practice|url=http://www.asha.org/Practice-Portal/Clinical-Topics/Autism/Family-Centered-Practice/|website=American Speech-hearing Association|access-date=28 July 2016}} To make FCPs successful, it is important to learn about the family system and to properly assess the intervention that respects the participating family.Hecimovic, A., Powell, T. H., & Christensen, L. (1999) and that supports families in meeting their needs. In D. B. Zager (Ed.), Autism: Identification, education, and treatment (2nd ed., pp. 261–299). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum

Family centered practices can be used for many different situations. They can be used for cases such as child abuse and/or neglect. Using the FCP approach may be difficult in the case of caregivers who do not see a need for change.Kemp, S. P., Marcenko, M. O., Lyons, S. J., & Kruzich, J. M. (2014). Strength-based practice and parental engagement in child welfare services: An empirical examination. Children and Youth Services Review, 47(P1), 27-35 When trials of family centered practices were used by the Washington State Social and Health Services, 6% of all participants were deemed to have success and see change. In those trials, circumstances, where children had been removed from their home and placed into another home (i.e. foster care or group home), were taken into account.

The idea of FCP came from Dr John Sullivan, at the Institute for Family Centered Services.{{Cite web|url=http://www.familycenteredtreatment.com/fct-foundation/board-of-directors.html|title=Board of Directors|date=2015|website=Family centred treatment|access-date=18 October 2016}} Sullivan's goal was to show families that they were important and influential in a child's life. Interventions were designed to assist families in degrading situations. Participants were taught positive peer culture, and the importance of each individual's dignity, respect, and skill.{{cite web|title=History of Family Centered Treatment|url=http://www.familycenteredtreatment.com/fct-model.html|website=Family Centered Treatment|publisher=Polished Greek|access-date=28 July 2016}} The first participants were brought to the attention of John Sullivan from the Juvenile Justice system. After success was shown, the Family and Children's Social Services began to participate. By 1989, there were multiple organizations using FCP techniques. By the 2000s, the practice had spread to nearly every U.S. state and the idea became a normal intervention in the lives of troubled, abused, neglected, and maltreated children and their families.{{citation needed|date=October 2016}}

FCP focuses on the family as the primary unit of attention{{cite web|title=The Family-Centered Approach|url=http://www.trainingmatters-nc.org/tm_vol4_no1/tm_vol4no1.htm|website=Training Matters|publisher=Jordan Institute for Families|access-date=30 July 2016}} while encouraging strength, respect, and support within the family. Instructors are most often social workers. They begin their work by evaluating the family with the child/children and the family without the child/children. The goal from the evaluation is to build consistent, ethical, and effective child welfare practice within the family. Once the evaluation step is complete, the instructor focuses on building a program in conjunction with the family, rather than simply dictating one.{{cite journal|last1=Dunst|first1=Carl J.|last2=Johanson|first2=Charlie|last3=Trivette|first3=Carol M.|last4=Hamby|first4=Debbie|title=Family-Oriented Early Intervention Policies and Practices: Family-Centered or Not?|journal=Exceptional Children|date=1 October 1991|volume=58|issue=2|pages=115–126|doi=10.1177/001440299105800203|pmid=1836180|s2cid=23784365|url=http://ecx.sagepub.com/content/58/2/115.short|language=en|issn=0014-4029|url-access=subscription}} This ensures that the caregivers maintain authority and improve program results. The program concludes after a set period of time, that is usually set by the court or social worker, depending on the severity of the child's case.

In developed countries, such as Australia, most hospital settings claim to be family-centered. This means the hospitals have implemented an attitude where they believe that parents are essential to their child's well-being, and therefore crucial to the decision-making process regarding their health.{{Cite journal|date=November 2004|title=Implementing family-centred care: An Exploration of the Beliefs and Practices of Paediatric Nurses|url=http://www.ajan.com.au/Vol23/Vol23.1-4.pdf|journal=Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing|access-date=October 18, 2016|archive-date=January 14, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114055157/http://www.ajan.com.au/Vol23/Vol23.1-4.pdf|url-status=dead}}

After consultations with FCPs, the results in families differ, as no two families are the same. Each family has its own beliefs and values, which the social worker must take into account while helping create a program designed for them.{{cite journal|last1=Shaw|first1=Daniel S.|last2=Dishion|first2=Thomas J.|last3=Supplee|first3=Lauren|last4=Gardner|first4=Frances|last5=Arnds|first5=Karin|title=Randomized trial of a family-centered approach to the prevention of early conduct problems: 2-year effects of the family check-up in early childhood.|journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology|date=2006|volume=74|issue=1|pages=1–9|doi=10.1037/0022-006X.74.1.1|pmid=16551138|url=http://www.pitt.edu/~ppcl/Publication/early%20steps/JCCP%20paper%20feb%202006%20ES%202%20to%204%20intervention%20effects%20pdf.pdf}} After the evaluation step, if the social worker was able to find out the severity of the child's maltreatment, the goal has been met. Even if use of an FCP is not continued, other steps can be taken to provide for the safety and well-being of the child.{{cite journal|last1=McCroskey|first1=Jacquelyn|last2=Meezan|first2=William|title=Family Centered Services: Approaches and Effectiveness|journal=The Future of Children|date=1998|volume=8|issue=1|pages=54–71|doi=10.2307/1602628|jstor=1602628|pmid=9676000|url=https://www.princeton.edu/futureofchildren/publications/docs/08_01_03.pdf}}

• Child Protective Services
• National Association of Social Workers
• Safeguarding
• Foster Care

• Bringing It All Back Home Study Center. (2002). Partners in change: A new perspective on child protective services (curriculum). Boone, NC: Author.
• National Child Welfare Resource Center for Family-Centered Practice. (2002). Program improvement plans: An agenda for change. Best Practice/Next Practice (Summer 2002), 1–6. Online
• {{cite journal | last1 = Little | first1 = P | last2 = Everitt | first2 = H | last3 = Williamson | first3 = I | last4 = Warner | first4 = G | last5 = Moore | first5 = M | last6 = Gould | first6 = C | display-authors = etal | year = 2001 | title = Preferences of patients for patient centred approach to consultation in primary care: observational study | journal = BMJ | volume = 322 | issue = 7284 | pages = 468–72 | doi=10.1136/bmj.322.7284.468| pmc = 26564 | pmid = 11222423 }}
• {{cite journal|last1=Davidson|first1=J. E.|title=Family-Centered Care: Meeting the Needs of Patients' Families and Helping Families Adapt to Critical Illness|journal=Critical Care Nurse|date=1 June 2009|volume=29|issue=3|pages=28–34|doi=10.4037/ccn2009611|pmid=19487778|doi-access=free}}

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Category:Child welfare

Category:Social work