Family Allowances Act 1945

{{For|the Canadian legislation|Family Allowance Act}}

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{{Infobox UK legislation

| short_title = Family Allowances Act 1945

| type = Act

| parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom

| long_title = An Act to provide for the payment of family allowances.

| year = 1945

| citation = 8 & 9 Geo. 6. c. 41

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| royal_assent = 15 June 1945

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The Family Allowances Act 1945 (8 & 9 Geo. 6. c. 41) was a British act of Parliament and was the first law to provide child benefit in the United Kingdom. It was enacted on 15 June 1945 when the caretaker Conservative government was in office under Winston Churchill, but it did not come into effect until 6 August 1946 when the Labour government under Clement Attlee was in power.{{cite journal |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1089952 |last=Cross |first=Rupert |authorlink=Rupert Cross |title=The Family Allowances Act, 1945 |journal=The Modern Law Review |volume=9 |issue=3 |date=October 1946 |pages=284–289 |publisher=London School of Economics & Political Science}}{{efn|In his closing speech to Parliament, the King said that "legislation has been passed to provide for a scheme of family allowances, in which the families of serving men will be included".{{cite web |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1945/jun/15/his-majestys-most-gracious-speech |title=His Majesty's Most Gracious Speech |publisher=Hansard, House of Commons, 5th Series, vol. 411, cols 1905–1910 |date=15 June 1945 |accessdate=4 September 2020}}}}

Family allowances had been one of the items proposed by the Beveridge Report in 1942. The Labour Party briefly debated pressing for allowances during the Second World War, but a party conference resolution to this end was opposed by the trades unions for fear that the amount paid would be taken into account in wage negotiations, leaving workers no better off.

As passed, the act empowered the Minister of National Insurance to pay an allowance of five shillings per week for each child in a family other than the eldest; later acts increased this sum. It was payable whilst the child was of school age, up to the age of eighteen, if apprenticed or in full-time school education.