Farwana

The tell, or archaeological mound, of Tell es-Sarem (Arabic name) or Tel Rehov (Hebrew name) is located on the former village's lands.{{fact|date=July 2019}} The tell, which stands about 800 metres southeast of the village site, has been identified with the ancient Canaanite and Israelite city of Rehov. It was one of the largest cities in the region during the Late Bronze Age (1550–1200 BCE) and Iron Age I-IIA (1200–900 BCE). During the Late Bronze Age, Egypt ruled over Canaan, and in this time period Rehov was mentioned in at least three sources dated between the 15th-13th century BCE, and again in the list of conquests of Pharaoh Shoshenq I, whose campaign took place around 925 BCE.{{Cite journal |title= The 1997-1998 Excavations at Tel Rehov: Preliminary Report |first= Amihai |surname= Mazar |author-link= Amihai Mazar |journal= Israel Exploration Journal |volume= 49 |date= 1999 |url= https://www.academia.edu/2638692 |pages=1–42 |access-date= 15 July 2019}}

During the Byzantine period, a Jewish town that preserved the old name in the form of Rohob, stood one kilometre northwest of Tel Rehov, at Khirbet Farwana/Horbat Parva and was mentioned by Eusebius as being on the fourth mile from Scythopolis, modern-day Beit She'an/Bisan.

Identification of Tell es-Sarem/Tel Rehov with ancient Rehob was based on the preservation of the name at the nearby Islamic holy tomb of esh-Sheikh er-Rihab (one kilometre to the south of Tel Rehov), and the existence of the ruins of Byzantine-period Rohob one kilometre northwest of Tel Rehov. The name of the excavation site of Rohob is given as Khirbet Farwana (khirbet meaning "site of ruins" in Arabic) and Horbot Parva ("Parva Ruins" in Hebrew).Dauphin, 1998, pp. 785-786

Archaeological work at Farwana proper has also exposed pottery and other finds from the Iron Age, the Persian, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Early Islamic, Crusader, Mamluk and Ottoman periods.Yardenna Alexandre, 2017, [http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=25158&mag_id=125 Horbat Parva: Final Report], Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel (HA-ESI), volume 129, year 2017, Israel Antiquities Authority, accessed 15 July 2019

Remains of a Byzantine-period synagogue from the fourth to the seventh century CE were found at Tulul Farwana ("mounds of Farwana").

In 1517, Farwana was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire with the rest of Palestine. In 1596, it appeared in Ottoman tax registers as Farina, being in the Nahiya of Gawr of the Liwa of Ajlun. It had a population of 80 households and 2 bachelors, all Muslim. The villagers paid taxes on wheat, barley, sesame, goats or beehives, and water buffaloes, in addition to "occasional revenues"; a total of 13,000 akçe.Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 168

In 1870 Victor Guérin noted that the place was strewn with black stones, apparently basaltic.Guérin, 1874, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptionsam01gu#page/283/mode/1up 283]

In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine found at Tellul Farwana "small mounds, apparently artificial."Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/128/mode/1up 128]

In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted in Mandatory Palestine authorities, Farwaneh had a population of 84 Muslims,Barron, 1923, Table IX, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n33/mode/1up 31] increasing in the 1931 census to 286, still all Muslims, in 72 houses.Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 78]

In the 1945 statistics, the population was 330 Muslims, with a total of 4,996 dunams of land. Of this, 42 dunams were for plantations or irrigable land, 3,847 for cereals,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Baysan/Page-084.jpg 84] while 11 were built-up (urban) land.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Baysan/Page-134.jpg 134]

Farwana had a population of over 300 people when it was depopulated in the lead up to the 1948 Arab-Israeli war.Khalidi, 1992, pp. 46-47 Its Arab inhabitants, along with those of the neighbouring village of al-Ashrafiyya fled to Jordan with the approach of the pre-state Yishuv forces of the Golani Brigade during Operation Gideon on 11 May 1948.Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA227 227] The following day, the more than 72 houses that made up the village were completely destroyed. Farwana's inhabitants never returned to the village, and they and their descendants make up one small part of the current population of more than 4 million Palestinian refugees worldwide.

The Jewish Israeli moshav of Rechov (established in 1951) and the government field station Havat Eden were established on the former lands of Farwana. Kibbutz Ein HaNatziv was established in 1946 northeast of the village site, but on land belonging to Baysan, while Sdei Trumot, west of the village site, is on land belonging to Al-Samiriyya.

In 1992 the village site was described: "The only remains of the village are the ruined walls and floors of houses. The site is overgrown with wild vegetation and contains an archeological dig. The lands around it are cultivated by Israelis."

• Depopulated Palestinian locations in Israel

{{reflist|25em}}

{{ref begin}}

• {{cite journal|last1= Alexandre |first1=Yardenna|date= 2017-01-11 |url=http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=25158&mag_id=125 |title=Horbat Parva |publisher=Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel |number=129}}
• {{cite book | editor =Barron, J. B. | title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 |url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 |publisher = Government of Palestine | year = 1923}}
• {{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1882|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp02conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund|volume=2}}
• {{cite book |last= Dauphin |first = C.|author-link= Claudine Dauphin| title = La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FC1mAAAAMAAJ |volume = III : Catalogue | series = BAR International Series 726 | year = 1998 | publisher = Archeopress | location = Oxford|language =fr|isbn= 0-860549-05-4}}
• {{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Department of Statistics|year=1945|publisher=Government of Palestine}}
• {{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|author-link=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptionsam01gu|volume=2: Samarie, pt. 1|year=1874|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=fr}}
• {{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last=Hadawi|author-link=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Centre}}
• {{cite book | last1= Hütteroth|first1=W.-D.|author-link1=Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth |first2=K. | last2=Abdulfattah |author-link2=Kamal Abdulfattah| title = Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ | year = 1977 | publisher = Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft|isbn= 3-920405-41-2}}
• {{cite book|title=All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_By7AAAAIAAJ |first=W.|last=Khalidi|author-link=Walid Khalidi|year=1992|location=Washington D.C.|publisher=Institute for Palestine Studies|isbn=0-88728-224-5}}
• {{cite book | editor = Mills, E. | title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas |url=https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932}}
• {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C |first=B.|last=Morris |author-link=Benny Morris |year=2004 |title=The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited|isbn=978-0-521-00967-6 |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}
• {{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E.H.|author-link=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund}}

{{refend}}

• [http://www.palestineremembered.com/Baysan/Farwana/index.html Welcome To Farwana]
• [http://www.zochrot.org/en/village/49431 Farwana], Zochrot
• Survey of Western Palestine, map 9: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8371 IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.09.jpg Wikimedia commons]
• [http://www.alnakba.org/villages/baysan/farwana.htm Farwana], from Khalil Sakakini Cultural Centre

{{Palestinian Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestine War}}

Category:Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War

Category:District of Baysan