Father Mathew Bridge
{{Short description|Bridge over the River Liffey in Dublin, Ireland}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox bridge
|bridge_name = Father Mathew Bridge
|native_name = Droichead an Athar Maitiú
|native_name_lang = Irish
|image =Dublin - Father Mathew Bridge - 110508 182542.jpg
|image_size = 270
|caption = Father Mathew Bridge (formerly known as Whitworth Bridge)
|other_name =
|crosses = River Liffey
|locale = Dublin, Ireland
|designer = George Knowles
|preceded = Mellows Bridge
|followed = O'Donovan Rossa Bridge
|design = Elliptical arch stone bridge
| material = granite
|length = ~45m
|width = ~15m
|spans = 3
|complete = 1816
|replaces = Droichet Dubhgaill (11th century?)
Bridge of Dublin (13th century)
Rebuilt Dublin Bridge (1428)
|coordinates = {{coord|53.3455|-6.2757|display=inline,title}}
}}
File:William Sadler - Four Courts, Dublin.png by William Sadler, showing the 15th-century Bridge of Dublin shortly before it was pulled down]]
Father Mathew Bridge ({{irish place name|Droichead an Athar Maitiú|no_translate=yes}}){{cite web|url= http://www.logainm.ie/en/1167142 | publisher= Logainm.ie – Database of Placenames Commission | title= Droichead an Athar Maitiú / Father Mathew Bridge| accessdate= 5 December 2016 }} is a road bridge spanning the River Liffey in Dublin, Ireland, which joins Merchants Quay to Church Street and the north quays. It occupies the approximate site of the original and for many years the only Bridge of Dublin, dating back to the 11th century.
History
The site of the bridge is understood to be close to the ancient "Ford of the Hurdles",{{cite report| url= http://www.berthamilton.com/13329.pdf| title= Project history of Dublin's River Liffey bridges| work= Bridge Engineering 156 Issue BE4| publisher= Phillips & Hamilton| access-date= 8 August 2008| archive-date= 12 August 2017| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170812060126/http://www.berthamilton.com/13329.pdf| url-status= dead}} which was the original crossing point on the Liffey and gives its name (in Irish) to the city of Dublin ({{lga|Baile Átha Cliath|Town of the Hurdled Ford}}).
At the turn of the first millennium (c. 1014), the first recorded Dublin Liffey bridge was built at this point. Possibly known as the Bridge of Dubhghall, this basic wooden structure was maintained and rebuilt over several centuries (from early Medieval to Viking to Norman times).
These rebuilds included a Norman bridge (sanctioned by King John) in the early 13th century.{{cite web|url= http://archiseek.com/2010/1818-father-mathew-bridge-dublin/ | publisher= Archiseek |work = Architecture of Dublin City | title= Father Mathew Bridge entry | date = 2010}} This collapsed however in the late 14th century and in 1428, the Dominicans of Ostmantown Friary built the first masonry bridge in Dublin on the same spot. Known as Dublin Bridge, Old Bridge, or simply The Bridge, this four-arch structure had towers at either end, and shops, housing, an inn and a chapel were built on its supports. In 1312, Geoffrey de Morton, Mayor of Dublin 1302–3, was reprimanded for building a house without permission on the bridge. It was he who began building the towers, which were completed by his son-in-law John de Grauntsete, who later built St. Mary's Chapel on the Bridge.
For much of its 390-year life span, The Bridge carried all pedestrian, livestock and horse-drawn traffic across the river, and (as late as 1762) its tolls and chapel were still in use.
At the beginning of the 19th century, Dublin Bridge was replaced by a three-span, elliptical arch stone bridge. Designed by George Knowles (who also designed O'Donovan Rossa Bridge and Lucan Bridge), the bridge was opened in 1818{{Structurae|id=20005738|title=Father Mathew Bridge}} as Whitworth Bridge, being named for Charles Whitworth, 1st Earl Whitworth, the then Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.
As with many other Dublin bridges (particularly those named for British peers), the bridge was renamed following the establishment of the Irish Free State as Dublin Bridge in the 1920s.{{cite web|url = http://www.bridgesofdublin.ie/bridges/father-mathew-bridge/timeline | publisher= Dublin City Council | work = Bridges of Dublin | title= Father Mathew Bridge – Timeline | accessdate= 5 December 2016 }}
In line with another, later, Dublin tradition of naming bridges for temperance campaigners, the bridge was renamed again in 1938 for Father Theobald Mathew (the Apostle of Temperance), who was born at Thomastown near Golden, County Tipperary.