Favorlang language
{{Short description|Extinct Formosan language}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Favorlang
| states = Taiwan
| region =
| extinct =
| familycolor = Austronesian
| fam2 = Western Plains Formosan
| fam3 = Central
| iso3 = bzg
| linglist = bzg
| iso3comment = (with Babuza)
| glotto = favo1235
| notice = IPA
| era = attested mid-17th century
may have developed into Babuza
}}
Favorlang is an extinct Formosan language closely related to Babuza. Although Favorlang is considered by Taiwanese linguist Paul Jen-kuei Li to be a separate language, it is nevertheless very closely related to Babuza. In fact, the name Favorlang is derived from Babuza.{{sfnp|Li|2003|p=3}} Alternatively, Favorlang may also have represented a dialect of Babuza at an earlier stage, since Favorlang was documented in the mid-17th century, while Babuza was documented only around the turn of the 20th century by Japanese linguists.{{sfnp|Li|2003|p=5}}
Phonology
Favorlang has gone through the following sound changes. Except for the *t, *s, *Z > {{IPA|/t/}} merger, all of these sound changes are shared by the five Western Plains languages Taokas, Babuza, Papora, Hoanya, and Thao.{{sfnp|Li|2003|p=6}}
- Merger of PAn *n and *ŋ as {{IPA|/n/}}
- Merger of *t, *s, *Z as {{IPA|/t/}}
- Merger of *N and *S1 as {{IPA|/s/}}
- Complete loss of *k, *q, *H
- Partial loss of *R, *j, including the loss of final *-y and *-w
*s (in initial and medial positions) > {{IPA|/t/}}
Sources
Favorlang data sources are:{{sfnp|Li|2003|p=1}}
- {{Cite book |last=Happart |first=Gilbertus |title=Woorden boek der Favorlangsche Taal |date=1650 |language=nl |trans-title=Favorlang Vocabulary |author-link=Gilbertus Happart}} Later translated into English:
- {{Cite book |last=Happart |first=Gilbertus |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryfavor00happgoog |title=Dictionary of the Favorlang Dialect of the Formosan language |year=1840 |location=Batavia |publication-place=Parapattan |language=en |translator-last=Medhurst |translator-first=W. H. |orig-year=1650 |translator-link=Walter Henry Medhurst}}
- 5 sermons and various prayers, questions, and answers on Christianity by {{interlanguage link|Jacobus Vertrecht|qid=Q15913206}} (1647–1651), a Dutch pastor
- Word lists collected by Naoyoshi Ogawa in the early 1900s (unpublished manuscripts dated 1900, 1901, and 1930; others are undated)
- Notebooks 1, 2, 3, and 5, now kept by ILCAA (Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa) and TUFS (Tokyo University of Foreign Studies) – call number "OA052"
- Notebook 4, now kept at the Anthropological Institute, Nanzan University – call number "v. 1-2-1"
Syntax
Case markers include:{{sfnp|Li|2003}}
- ja 'nominative marker'
- ta 'personal name marker'
- o, no 'oblique (genitive and accusative, common noun)'
- i 'oblique (personal noun)'
- de 'locative'
- i 'directional'
Agent-focus verbal affixes include:{{sfnp|Li|2003|p=11}}
;Agent-focus
- -um- ~ -umm- (after consonant-initial verb stems) or um- ~ umm- (before vowel-initial verb stem except i-)
- -im-, -em- (lexically conditioned)
- m-
- p-
;Past tense (AF)
- -in-umm-, in-umm
- m-in-
- -in-
;Future tense (AF)
- Reduplication of the first stem syllable
;Imperative (AF)
- -a
Non-agent-focus verbal affixes are:{{sfnp|Li|2003|p=11}}
- -an 'locative focus'
- -en, -in, -n 'patient focus'
- ipa- ... -a 'imperative (non-agent-focus)'
- -in-, in- 'past tense (non-agent-focus)'
- ino- 'future tense (non-agent-focus)'
When -in- and -umm- appear together in a word, -in- usually precedes -um- ~ -umm-, as in Ilokano, Bontok, and some Dusunic languages in Sabah (Rungus Dusun and Kimaragang Dusun). Occasionally, -umm- precedes -in- in several Favorlang lexical forms, but this is not very common.
Pronouns
All of the following personal pronouns are free forms. All genitive pronouns end with -a.
| class="wikitable"
|+Favorlang Personal Pronouns{{sfnp|Li|2003|p=8}} ! Type of !c=01| Neutral !c=02| Genitive !c=03| Nominative/Accusative |
| 1s.
|c=01| ka-ina |c=02| na-a |c=03| ina |
|---|
| 2s.
|c=01| ijonoë |c=02| joa, oa |c=03| ijo |
| 3s.
|c=01| icho |c=02| choa |c=03| icho |
| 1p. (incl.)
|c=01| torro |c=02| torroa |c=03| – |
| 1p. (excl.)
|c=01| namono |c=02| namoa |c=03| namo |
| 2p.
|c=01| imonoë |c=02| imoa |c=03| imo |
| 3p.
|c=01| aicho-es dechonoë |c=02| choa |c=03| decho |
Examples
| class="wikitable" | |
| Favorlang | Translation |
|---|---|
| {{lang|bzg|Namoa tamau tamasea paga de boesum, ipa-dass-a joa naan.}} | Our father, which art in Heaven, let Thy Name be praised!{{sfnp|Li|2003|p=8}} |
| Ka-ina paga ta Jehova oa Deosoe, tamasea pina-ijor ijo.... | I am the Lord, thy God, who led thee....{{sfnp|Li|2003|p=8}} |
{{lang|bzg|Namoa tamau tamasea paḡa de boesum,
Ipádassa joa naan.
Ipáṣaija joa chachimit o ai.
Ipa-i-jorr'o oa airab maibas de boesum, masini de ta channumma.
Epé-e namo-no pia-dai torro uppo ma-atsikap.
Ṣo-o abó-e namo tataap o kakossi namoa,
maibas channumma namo mabo tamasea parapies i namo.
Hai pásabas i namo, ṣo-o barra'i namo innai rapies ai.
Inau joa micho chachimit o ai, ṣo-o barr'o ai, ṣo-o adas ai, taulaulan,
Amen.
}}
References
{{reflist}}
Bibliography
{{refbegin}}
- {{Cite book |last=Li |first=Paul Jen-kuei |url=https://archive.org/details/englishfavorlang00ogaw/page/1 |title=English-Favorlang Vocabulary |date=2003 |publisher=Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa |isbn=4872978536 |editor-last=Ogawa |editor-first=Naoyoshi |location=Tokyo |pages=[https://archive.org/details/englishfavorlang00ogaw/page/1 1–13] |chapter=Introduction: Notes on Favorlang, an Extinct Formosan language |url-access=registration}}
- {{Cite book |last=Li |first=Paul Jen-kuei |title=Text Analysis of Favorlang |publisher=Academia Sinica |year=2019 |isbn=978-986-05-8008-2 |series=Language and Linguistics Monograph Series 61 |location=Taipei |language=en}}
- {{cite book |last=Ogawa |first=Naoyoshi |title=English-Favorlang vocabulary |date=2003 |publisher=Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa |location=Tokyo |isbn=4872978536 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/englishfavorlang00ogaw }}
- {{cite thesis |last=Marsh |first=Mikell Alan |year=1977 |title=Favorlang-Pazeh-Saisiat: A Putative Formosan Subgroup |type=Ph.D. dissertation |publisher=Washington State University |oclc=224303389}}
{{refend}}
{{Languages of Taiwan}}
{{Formosan languages}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Favorlang Language}}