February 1987 Palestinian unrest

{{Main|Israeli–Palestinian conflict}}

After Israel's victory in the Six-Day War in 1967, Israel has occupied the Palestinian territories, including the West Bank.{{cite web|date=19 July 2024|title=UN top court says Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories is illegal|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cjerjzxlpvdo|author-last=Berg|author-first=Raffi|access-date=26 December 2024|work=BBC News}} The occupation has been controversial, with Israel accused of violating international law, as well as committing human rights abuses and apartheid against Palestinians.{{cite web|date=1 February 2022|title=Israel's apartheid against Palestinians|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2022/02/israels-system-of-apartheid/|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=26 December 2024|work=Amnesty International}} The Israeli government has also actively promoted the creation and growth of Israeli settlements in Palestine.{{cite web|date=29 December 2016|title=7 Things To Know About Israeli Settlements|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2016/12/29/507377617/seven-things-to-know-about-israeli-settlements|author-last=Myre|author-first=Greg|access-date=26 December 2024|work=NPR}} The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), an umbrella group representing the most prominent armed Palestinian nationalist paramilitaries in the second half of the 20th century, mostly left-wing and secular, has also been accused of a number of human rights violations and of waging a terrorist campaign against Israelis.{{cite web|date=14 May 2018|title=What is the Palestinian Liberation Organization? How about Fatah and the Palestinian Authority?|url=https://www.vox.com/2018/11/20/18080054/plo-palestinian-liberation-organization-israel-conflict|author-last=Beauchamp|author-first=Zack|access-date=26 December 2024|work=Vox}}

1986 in the Occupied Palestinian Territories had ended with a significant wave of unrest after two Birzeit University students were shot and killed by Israeli forces while protesting against a roadblock erected on the main road into the campus.{{cite journal|date=31 December 1986|title=Students under fire - a preliminary report on army actions at Birzeit University on December 4, 1986|url=https://fada.birzeit.edu/handle/20.500.11889/8210|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=9 December 2024|journal=Birzeit University}}{{cite web|date=12 January 1987|title=Palestinian 'children of occupation' nurse bitter hatred for Israelis|url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19870112.2.107|author-last=Lustig|author-first=Robin|access-date=14 December 2024|work=The Press}} Tensions in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict would continue to fester during the early weeks of 1987, although relatively calmly, including demolitions of Palestinian houses by Israeli authorities,{{cite web|date=5 January 1987|title=Monday, January 5, 1987|url=https://chronology.palestine-studies.org/node/13094|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=10 January 2025|work=The Palestine Chronology}} deportations of Palestinian political figures,{{cite web|date=13 January 1987|title=Tuesday, January 13, 1987|url=https://chronology.palestine-studies.org/node/13102|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=10 January 2025|work=The Palestine Chronology}} seizures of Palestinian land by Israeli authorities,{{cite web|date=14 January 1987|title=Wednesday, January 14, 1987|url=https://chronology.palestine-studies.org/node/13103|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=10 January 2025|work=The Palestine Chronology}} the non-fatal stabbing of two Jewish brothers in the Old City of Jerusalem,{{cite news|date=18 January 1987|title=2 JEWISH MEN STABBED BY ARABS IN JERUSALEM|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1987/01/18/2-jewish-men-stabbed-by-arabs-in-jerusalem/64eced5c-339d-4f5e-8ed1-e7a8da342c82/|author-last=Frankel|author-first=Glenn|access-date=10 January 2025|newspaper=Washington Post}} the non-fatal shootings of several Palestinian protestors,{{cite web|date=22 January 1987|title=Thursday, January 22, 1987|url=https://chronology.palestine-studies.org/node/13111|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=10 January 2025|work=The Palestine Chronology}}{{cite web|date=26 January 1987|title=Monday, January 26, 1987|url=https://chronology.palestine-studies.org/node/13115|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=10 January 2025|work=The Palestine Chronology}}{{cite web|date=29 January 1987|title=Thursday, January 29, 1987|url=https://chronology.palestine-studies.org/node/13118|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=10 January 2025|work=The Palestine Chronology}} the wounding of nine Israelis in a bus bombing,{{cite web|date=3 February 1987|title=Letter dated 3 February 1987 from the Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General.|url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/130046?v=pdf|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=10 January 2025|work=United Nations Digital Library}} and the announcement of the charges in a case against four Israeli peace activists for holding a peace meeting with a group of moderate PLO members in November 1986.{{cite web|date=8 February 1987|title=Sunday, February 8, 1987|url=https://chronology.palestine-studies.org/node/13128|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=10 January 2025|work=The Palestine Chronology}}{{cite web|date=22 March 1987|title=ISRAEL TRYING JEWS FOR TALKING TO P.L.O.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/22/world/israel-trying-jews-for-talking-to-plo.html|author-last=Friedman|author-first=Thomas L.|access-date=10 January 2025|work=The New York Times}} In late January 1987, Israeli Minister of Defence Yitzhak Rabin also threatened to permanently close Palestinian universities if they didn't take steps to prevent their students from participating in political demonstrations.{{cite journal|date=1 April 1987|title=Palestinian Universities under Occupation, November 1986-January 1987|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2536794|author-last=Johnson|author-first=Penny|access-date=9 December 2024|journal=Journal of Palestine Studies|volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=134–141 |doi=10.2307/2536794 |jstor=2536794 |url-access=subscription}} Israeli settler violence and vigilantism was also becoming an increasing issue, particularly as the number of settlers had doubled in the last four years and were hotspots of far-right and Israeli ultranationalist sentiment.{{cite news|date=1 June 1987|title=SOULS ON FIRE ON THE WEST BANK|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1987/06/01/souls-on-fire-on-the-west-bank/7ad50c86-b0ad-4330-b3a6-ce86e0f3da21/|author-last=Frankel|author-first=Glenn|access-date=10 January 2025|newspaper=Washington Post}}{{cite web|date=6 February 1987|title=Public Opinion Polls Indicate Pervasive Dissatisfaction with Life in Israel and a Decline in Esteem|url=https://www.jta.org/archive/public-opinion-polls-indicate-pervasive-dissatisfaction-with-life-in-israel-and-a-decline-in-esteem|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=10 January 2025|work=Jewish Telegraphic Agency}}{{cite web|date=25 February 1987|title=Behind the Headlines: Grassroots Peace Activists Speak out|url=https://www.jta.org/archive/behind-the-headlines-grassroots-peace-activists-speak-out|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=10 January 2025|work=Jewish Telegraphic Agency}}

On 9 February 1987, a demonstration was held by Palestinians in the Balata Camp, near Nablus in the West Bank, in protest over the siege of the Palestinian Shatila refugee camp in Lebanon by the Amal Movement.{{cite web|date=9 February 1987|title=Tension flares along West Bank|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/02/09/Tension-flares-along-West-Bank/7818539845200/|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=6 January 2025|work=UPI}} Israeli forces responded to the demonstration by attempting to forcibly disperse it, first using tear gas and rubber bullets and then live ammunition, injuring four of the demonstrators. One Israeli soldier was lightly injured after being hit by a thrown stone. As news of the shooting spread, students at the nearby An-Najah National University gathered to hold a demonstration protesting against the use of force to disperse the protest. Israeli forces then moved to forcibly disperse the student demonstration as well, injuring seven students. The Israeli military claimed that protestors at the two demonstrations had "endangered the lives of the soldiers," including by refusing to follow the soldiers' orders, throwing stones, throwing bottles, and raising Palestinian flags.{{cite web|date=10 February 1987|title=Violence in the West Bank|url=https://www.jta.org/archive/violence-in-the-west-bank|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=10 January 2025|work=Jewish Telegraphic Agency}} A curfew was subsequently imposed on the Balata Camp and the military ordered An-Najah National University to be shut down for a period of one month.{{cite web|date=9 February 1987|title=Monday, February 9, 1987|url=https://chronology.palestine-studies.org/node/13129|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=6 January 2025|work=The Palestine Chronology}}

The Israeli response to the 9 February demonstrations sparked a wave of protests across the Occupied Palestinian Territories in the following days.{{cite web|date=12 February 1987|title=The World - News from Feb. 12, 1987|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-02-12-mn-2849-story.html|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=6 January 2025|work=Los Angeles Times}}{{cite web|date=12 February 1987|title=Palestinian Protesters Clash With Soldiers in West Bank|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/02/12/world/palestinian-protesters-clash-with-soldiers-in-west-bank.html|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=6 January 2025|work=The New York Times}} The protests included rallies by An-Najah students on the university campus, despite the forced closure, secondary school student strikes, women's marches, commercial strikes, and demonstrations in Palestinian cities.{{cite web|date=10 February 1987|title=Tuesday, February 10, 1987|url=https://chronology.palestine-studies.org/node/13130|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=6 January 2025|work=The Palestine Chronology}}{{cite web|date=11 February 1987|title=Wednesday, February 11, 1987|url=https://chronology.palestine-studies.org/node/13131|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=6 January 2025|work=The Palestine Chronology}} Several further protests against the Shatila siege were also held, including a march by Birzeit University students and an artists' vigil in East Jerusalem.{{cite web|date=12 February 1987|title=Thursday, February 12, 1987|url=https://chronology.palestine-studies.org/node/13132|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=6 January 2025|work=The Palestine Chronology}}

Israeli soldiers moved to disperse several of the protests using tear gas, rubber bullets, and in some cases, live ammunition, and protestors at several demonstrations threw stones and bottles at Israeli soldiers and Israeli vehicles. By 15 February, at least seven Israeli soldiers had been injured by stones.{{cite web|date=16 February 1987|title=The World : Anti-Israel Strife Hurts 17|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-02-16-mn-2415-story.html|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=10 January 2025|work=Los Angeles Times}} On 10 February, an Israeli nighttime raid resulted in the arrests of around one hundred youth on charges of inciting the demonstrations. On 11 February, Israeli authorities ordered the al-Rawda College in Nablus closed for two weeks, placed thirty Balata Camp youth in administrative detention on charges of incitement and stone throwing, and shot and injured a Palestinian boy in Khan Yunis.{{cite web|date=13 February 1987|title=New Violence in West Bank, Gaza Strip|url=https://www.jta.org/archive/new-violence-in-west-bank-gaza-strip|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=10 January 2025|work=Jewish Telegraphic Agency}} On 14 February, eighteen Hebron University students were arrested at a protest held on the university campus.{{cite web|date=14 February 1987|title=Saturday, February 14, 1987|url=https://chronology.palestine-studies.org/node/13134|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=6 January 2025|work=The Palestine Chronology}} On 16 February, nine Palestinian youth were shot and injured by Israeli soldiers during demonstrations in Gaza City, and Israeli authorities ordered the Islamic University of Gaza shut down for three days.{{cite web|date=16 February 1987|title=Monday, February 16, 1987|url=https://chronology.palestine-studies.org/node/12955|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=6 January 2025|work=The Palestine Chronology}} Also on 16 October, Birzeit University professor Roger Heacock was arrested by the Israeli military and charged with having incited a women's demonstration in Ramallah. On 17 February, a 16-year-old Palestinian girl was shot and injured when demonstrators in Khan Yunis threw stones at an Israeli military vehicle,{{cite web|date=18 February 1987|title=Violence Continues in the Gaza Strip|url=https://www.jta.org/archive/violence-continues-in-the-gaza-strip|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=10 January 2025|work=Jewish Telegraphic Agency}} and both Bethlehem University and Birzeit University were ordered closed for four days.{{cite web|date=17 February 1987|title=Tuesday, February 17, 1987|url=https://chronology.palestine-studies.org/node/12956|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=6 January 2025|work=The Palestine Chronology}} During the course of the unrest, the Israeli military would declare some areas of the West Bank as closed military zones, blocking reporters from entering, and moved to punish shopkeepers who took part in commercial strikes by permanently welding shut the doors to their shops.{{cite web|date=26 February 1987|title=New Wave Of Palestinian Unrest|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/263197464|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=31 December 2024|work=The Jerusalem Post International Edition}}

Some Israelis were also involved in actions related to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict during the period of unrest. On 10 February, a joint Israeli-Palestinian demonstration was held in Sur Baher, near East Jerusalem, in protest against plans by the Israeli government to tear down Palestinian-owned olive trees on land that the Israeli government had recently seized. On 11 February, a group of settlers from Gush Katif tried to blockade the main highway in the Gaza Strip. On 16 February, the Israeli Alternative Information Center NGO was raided by Israeli police, being ordered shut down for six months and having its director, Michel Warschawski, arrested on charges of aiding the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine.{{cite web|date=18 February 1987|title=Pro-Palestinian Group Is Shut Down in Israel|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/02/18/world/pro-palestinian-group-is-shut-down-in-israel.html|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=10 January 2025|work=The New York Times}}

The last stages of the period of unrest were marked by two more violent incidents. On 18 February, a Palestinian cab driver was shot and killed by Israeli soldiers after driving into an Israeli patrol in the Askar Camp, injuring two soldiers.{{cite web|date=27 February 1987|title=Cabbie killed|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/261460062|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=10 January 2025|work=The Australian Jewish News}}{{cite web|date=19 February 1987|title=Arab Cabbie Killed After Trying to Run Down Two Israeli Soldiers|url=https://www.jta.org/archive/arab-cabbie-killed-after-trying-to-run-down-two-israeli-soldiers|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=10 January 2025|work=Jewish Telegraphic Agency}} The Israeli military claimed the incident was a deliberate vehicle-ramming attack, while some Palestinian eye-witnesses claimed that it had been accidental, with the cab driver swerving to try and avoid hitting protestors who were throwing stones at the patrol.{{cite web|date=18 February 1987|title=Wednesday, February 18, 1987|url=https://chronology.palestine-studies.org/node/12957|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=6 January 2025|work=The Palestine Chronology}}{{cite web|date=19 February 1987|title=Palestinian Driver Dies In Clash With Israelis|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/02/19/world/palestinian-driver-dies-in-clash-with-israelis.html|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=11 January 2025|work=The New York Times}} On 22 February, a grenade was thrown at an Israeli border post at the Damascus Gate in Jerusalem, injuring twelve Israeli soldiers, two Israeli civilians, and three Palestinian civilians, most with light injuries.{{cite web|date=23 February 1987|title=Bomb Injures at Least 17 in Old City; PLO Claims Responsibility|url=https://www.jta.org/archive/bomb-injures-at-least-17-in-old-city-plo-claims-responsibility|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=10 January 2025|work=Jewish Telegraphic Agency}} The PLO claimed responsibility for the attack, the most serious attack in Jerusalem since October 1986. Seventy Palestinians were subsequently detained by Israeli forces for interrogation over the attack.

Some protests would continue throughout the next days of February,{{cite web|date=19 February 1987|title=Thursday, February 19, 1987|url=https://chronology.palestine-studies.org/node/12958|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=6 January 2025|work=The Palestine Chronology}}{{cite news|date=20 February 1987|title=WEST BANK PROTESTS|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/national/1987/02/20/west-bank-protests/43f0f04b-9409-4613-afa4-db2ff25ac5b8/|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=6 January 2025|newspaper=Washington Post}} including a shopkeepers strike in Gaza City in protest over arrests of Palestinian university students,{{cite web|date=22 February 1987|title=Sunday, February 22, 1987|url=https://chronology.palestine-studies.org/node/12961|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=6 January 2025|work=The Palestine Chronology}} however, the wave of unrest mostly subsided.{{cite web|date=24 February 1987|title=Anti-Israel Violence Persists Throughout the Territories|url=https://www.jta.org/archive/anti-israel-violence-persists-throughout-the-territories|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=10 January 2025|work=Jewish Telegraphic Agency}} During this period, Israeli authorities would order Hebron University closed for three weeks and Al-Azhar University – Gaza closed for ten days, the later after having had to force open the campus gates to disperse a student demonstration.{{cite web|date=22 February 1987|title=The World - News from Feb. 22, 1987|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-02-22-mn-5343-story.html|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=10 January 2025|work=Los Angeles Times}} On 21 February, the Gaza Trade Union of Carpenters and Construction Workers would also hold the first union election in the Gaza Strip in twenty years, despite the Israeli authorities having banned the union from holding the election.{{cite web|date=21 February 1987|title=Saturday, February 21, 1987|url=https://chronology.palestine-studies.org/chronology/1987-feb-21|author-last=|author-first=|access-date=6 January 2025|work=The Palestine Chronology}}

Glenn Frankel of The Washington Post suggested that there was "a shift in the nature of the struggle here," moving away from a conflict between the Israeli military and "professional terrorists imported from outside the West Bank" towards a conflict that centred around incidents that were "initiated locally, most of them by Palestinian youths." Penny Johnson of Birzeit University argued that some commentators "exaggerate the novelty of the forms of protest - many have been employed by Palestinians in the occupied territories during the last two decades," but that the commentators "rightly emphasise the re-emergence of mass mobilisation" among the Palestinian population. Johnson also argued that the Israeli military's response to the unrest was not just "a response to growing unrest (which in itself is an outgrowth of Rabin's "iron fist" policy, among other factors). Instead, military policy has been informed by political objectives, and army actions toward universities are one of the most striking examples."

A larger wave of unrest would break out in the West Bank in late March 1987, including a Palestinian prisoners' hunger strike, the killing of an Israeli settler, and the killing of a Birzeit University student.{{cite journal|date=1 September 1987|title=Prisoners of the Killing Fields|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2536678|author-last=Black|author-first=Ian|access-date=5 January 2025|journal=Journal of Palestine Studies|volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=193–196 |doi=10.2307/2536678 |jstor=2536678 |url-access=subscription}}{{cite web|date=1 January 1988|title=The Routine of Repression|url=https://merip.org/1988/01/the-routine-of-repression/|author-last=Johnson|author-first=Penny|access-date=3 January 2025|work=Middle East Research and Information Project}} Tensions in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict would continue to increase through mid to late 1987, ultimately culminating in the breakout of the First Intifada in December, the largest wave of protests, strikes, boycotts, and acts of civil disobedience by Palestinians since the beginning of the Israeli occupation in 1967.{{cite web|date=1 May 2010|title=Palestinians wage nonviolent campaign during First Intifada, 1987-1988|url=https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/palestinians-wage-nonviolent-campaign-during-first-intifada-1987-1988|author-last=Tedla|author-first=Aden|access-date=6 January 2025|work=Global Nonviolent Action Database}}{{cite web|date=14 May 2018|title=What were the intifadas?|url=https://www.vox.com/2018/11/20/18080066/israel-palestine-intifadas-first-second|author-last=Beauchamp|author-first=Zack|access-date=31 December 2024|work=Vox}}

Alternative Information Center director Michel Warschawski's trial on aiding the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine would last until 1989, when he would be found guilty of having printed a booklet authored by the PFLP on how to endure Israeli torture techniques.{{cite web|date=4 February 2020|title=Advocate (2019): "An angry, optimistic woman" in pursuit of justice for the Palestinians|url=https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2020/02/04/tsem-f04.html|author-last=Shaoul|author-first=Jean|access-date=10 January 2025|work=World Socialist Web Site}} He was sentenced to twenty months incarceration, which he served in the Maasiyahu Prison.{{cite web|date=11 October 2013|title=From French Yeshivas to Israeli Prison: Michel Warschawski Recalls 50 Years of Peace Activism|url=https://www.haaretz.com/2013-10-11/ty-article/.premium/looking-back-on-50-years-of-anti-zionist-activity/0000017f-e0d9-d568-ad7f-f3fbac7e0000|author-last=Sela|author-first=Maya|access-date=10 January 2025|work=Haaretz}}

• 1987 in Palestine

{{reflist}}

Category:February 1987 in Asia

Category:Protests in Palestine

Category:1987 labor disputes and strikes

Category:1987 protests

Category:1987 in Palestine

Category:Grenade attacks in Asia

Category:An-Najah National University

Category:Riots and civil disorder in Palestine

Category:Palestinian stone-throwing

Category:1980s crimes in Palestine