Federal Assembly (Switzerland)

Prior to the establishment of the federal state in 1848, the only central organ of Switzerland was the Federal Diet (Tagsatzung). Following the Sonderbund War in 1847, the Tagsatzung became responsible for drawing up the Swiss Federal Constitution.{{cite web |last1=Graf |first1=Martin |last2=Martin |first2=Pierre-G. |title=Assemblée fédérale |url=https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/010081/2015-12-02/ |website=Dictionnaire Historique de la Suisse |access-date=23 April 2022 |language=German |date=2 December 2015}}

The process of formulating legislative power resulted in clashing opinions, in particular in relation to the representation of the various cantons: the radicals, in the majority in the largest cantons, pushed for a system where representation was purely proportional to the population of each township; the small cantons, for their part, feared being marginalized. After long debates, a compromise was found by adopting the American model of bicameralism; the parliament will be composed of two chambers with equal power, and the agreement of both will be required to take a decision. The National Council, which represents the people, will comprise representatives from each canton with their distribution being proportional to the population of the cantons, while the Council of States, which represents the cantons, will be composed of the same number of representatives from each canton. According to the Constitution of 1848, the Federal Assembly is "the supreme authority of the Confederation".

The Tagsatzung accepted the draft constitution in June 1848. On September 12, following the vote of the various cantons, it noted that the Constitution had been approved and dissolved itself on September 22, as required by the transitional provisions of the approved text. During the month of October 1848, elections were organized in the cantons in order to elect the deputies. After a few skirmishes, particularly in the canton of Fribourg, the results were announced which confirmed the victory of the radicals, who won more than three-quarters of the seats in the National Council and 30 of the 44 seats in the Council of States. On, November 16, 1848, Parliament elected the first Federal Council. In 1874, following the revision of the Constitution and the introduction of extended popular rights, the Federal Assembly became "the supreme authority of the Confederation subject to the rights of the people and the cantons".

The organization of the two councils has changed little over time. When the National Council was created, the total number of seats was 111. This number was not fixed and evolved in proportion to the growth of the Swiss population until 1962 when the definitive number of seats was established at 200; the term of office, meanwhile, was increased from the original three years to four years in 1931. The mode of election, originally according to the majority system, transitioned to proportional representation in 1918.{{cite web |title=Initiative populaire 'Election proportionnelle du Conseil national' |url=https://www.bk.admin.ch/ch/f/pore/vi/vis12.html |website=Chancellerie fédérale ChF |access-date=23 April 2022}} The Council of States, meanwhile, was not modified until 1979, by adding two new seats for the Canton of Jura which had just been created.

The Federal Assembly is made up of two chambers:

• the National Council, with 200 seats; and
• the Council of States, with 46 councillors.

Seats in the National Council are allocated to the cantons proportionally, based on population. In the Council of States, every canton has two seats (except for the former "half-cantons", which have one seat each).

{{Anchor|United Federal Assembly}}On occasions the two houses sit jointly as the "United Federal Assembly" ({{langx|de|Vereinigte Bundesversammlung}}; {{langx|fr|Assemblée fédérale, Chambres réunies}}; {{langx|it|Assemblea federale plenaria}}; {{langx|rm|Assamblea federala plenara}}). This is done to:

• elect members of the Federal Council, the Federal Chancellor, the federal judges or (only in times of great national danger) a general
• arbitrate in the event of conflicts between federal authorities;
• issue pardons; or
• listen to special announcements

The United Federal Assembly is presided by the National Council's presidency.

The Federal Assembly also confirms the appointment of the Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner (appointed by the Federal Council).[https://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/19920153/index.html Federal Act on Data Protection of 19 June 1992 (status as of 1 January 2014)], Federal Chancellery of Switzerland (page visited on 18 September 2016).

{{Politics of Switzerland}}

Parties can cooperate in parliamentary groups, also called political groups, allowing smaller parties access to rights as part of a caucus. At least five members from the same Council are needed to form a group. Only informal groups exist in the Council of States. Members of the National Council are required to be in a formal group in order to be able to sit on a committee.{{cite web |url=https://www.parlament.ch/en/organe/groupes |title=Parliamentary groups |website=Federal Assembly |language=en-US |access-date=2019-12-11 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

Since March 2009, there have been six groups in the Federal Assembly.

The latest group to form was the Conservative Democratic Party which split off the Swiss People's Party in 2008.

The Christian Democrats/EPP/glp Group (CEg) was formed after the 2007 elections, out of the former Christian Democratic (C) and EPP (E) groups.

The current FTP/Liberal group (RL) was formed in 2003 out of the former FDP (R) and Liberal (L) groups; since the 2009 fusion of the Free Democratic and Liberal Parties, RL is once again a single-party group. In 2011, the CEg was disbanded, the Green Liberals formed their own parliamentary group (GL) and the three Christian parties formed the Christian-Evangelical Group (CE).

Currently (for the legislative period of 2019–2023), the six parliamentary groups are composed as follows:

{| class="wikitable sortable"

|-

! Group

! colspan=2| Parties

! NC

! CS

! Total

|-

| rowspan=4| People's parliamentary group (V)

| width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|Swiss People's Party}}" |

| Swiss People's Party

| 53

| 6

| rowspan=4| 62

|-

| width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|Ticino League}}" |

| Ticino League

| 1

| 0

|-

| width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|Federal Democratic Union}}" |

| Federal Democratic Union

| 1

| 0

|-

| width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|Independent (politician)}}" |

| Independent

| 0

| 1

|-

| Social Democrats parliamentary group (S)

| width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|Social Democratic Party of Switzerland}}" |

| Social Democratic Party

| 39

| 8

| 47

|-

| rowspan=3| Centre parliamentary group CVP-EVP-BDP (M-CEB)

| width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland}}" |

| Christian Democratic People's Party

| 25

| 14

| rowspan=3| 45

|-

| width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|Conservative Democratic Party of Switzerland}}" |

| Conservative Democratic Party

| 3

| 0

|-

| width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|Evangelical People's Party of Switzerland}}" |

| Evangelical People's Party

| 3

| 0

|-

| FDP.The Liberals parliamentary group (RL)

| width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|FDP.The Liberals}}" |

| FDP.The Liberals

| 29

| 12

| 41

|-

| rowspan=3| Green parliamentary group (G)

| width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|Green Party of Switzerland}}" |

| Green Party

| 28

| 5

| rowspan=3| 35

|-

| width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|Swiss Party of Labour}}" |

| Swiss Party of Labour

| 1

| 0

|-

| width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|solidaritéS}}" |

| Solidarity

| 1

| 0

|-

| rowspan=1| Green Liberal parliamentary group (GL)

| width=5px style="background-color: {{party color|Green Liberal Party of Switzerland}}" |

| Green Liberal Party

| 16

| 0

| 16

|}

After the 2015 federal election, the Federal Assembly was composed of 7 groups:{{cite web |title=Les groupes parlementaires de l'Assemblée fédérale depuis la 46e législature |url=https://www.parlament.ch/fr/%C3%BCber-das-parlament/archive/archive-groupes |website=Federal Assembly |access-date=2022-09-11}}

{| class="wikitable" style="line-height:125%; font-size:95%;"

! colspan=3 | Group

! Parties

! NC

! CS

! Total

! President

|-

| {{party color cell|Swiss People's Party}}

| V

| Swiss People's Party group
{{small|Fraktion der Schweizerischen Volkspartei}}
{{small|Groupe de l'Union Démocratique du Centre}}

| SVP/UDC (69), Lega (2), MCR (1), Ind. (2)

| 68 || 6 || 74

| Thomas Aeschi

|-

| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party of Switzerland}}

| S

| Social Democratic group
{{small|Sozialdemokratische fraction}}
{{small|{{lang|fr|Groupe socialiste}}}}

| SP/PS

| 42 || 12 || 54

| Roger Nordmann

|-

| {{party color cell|FDP.The Liberals}}

| RL

| FDP-Liberal-Radical group
{{small|FDP-Liberale fraktion}}
{{small|Groupe Libéral-Radical}}

| FDP/PLR

| 33 || 12 || 45

| Beat Walti

|-

| {{party color cell|Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland}}

| C

| CVP group
{{small|CVP-fraktion}}
{{small|Groupe PDC}}

| CVP/PDC (40), EVP/PEV (2), CSP OW (1)

| 29 || 14 || 43

| Filippo Lombardi

|-

| {{party color cell|Green Party of Switzerland}}

| G

| Greens group
{{small|Grüne fraktion}}
{{small|Groupe des Verts}}

| Greens (12), PdA/PST (1)

| 12 || 1 || 13

| Balthasar Glättli

|-

| {{party color cell|Conservative Democratic Party of Switzerland}}

| BD

| BDP group
{{small|BDP fraktion}}
{{small|Groupe PBD}}

| BDP/PBD

| 7 || 1 || 8

| Rosmarie Quadranti

|-

| {{party color cell|Green Liberal Party of Switzerland}}

| GL

| Green-liberal group
{{small|Grünliberale fraktion}}
{{small|Groupe Vert'Libéral}}

| GLP/PVL

| 8 || 0 || 8

| Tiana Angelina Moser

|-

|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

! rowspan=3 |

! colspan=7 | Groups

! rowspan=3 | Vacant

|-

! style="width:30px;" | V

! style="width:30px;" | S

! style="width:30px;" | RL

! style="width:30px;" | C

! style="width:30px;" | G

! style="width:30px;" | BD

! style="width:30px;" | GL

|-

| {{party color cell|Swiss People's Party}}

| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party of Switzerland}}

| {{party color cell|FDP.The Liberals}}

| {{party color cell|Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland}}

| {{party color cell|Green Party of Switzerland}}

| {{party color cell|Conservative Democratic Party of Switzerland}}

| {{party color cell|Green Liberal Party of Switzerland}}

|-

| Opening || rowspan=3 style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Swiss People's Party}}|0.9}};" | 74 || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Switzerland}}|0.9}};" | 55 || rowspan=3 style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|FDP.The Liberals}}|0.9}};" | 45 || rowspan=2 style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland}}|0.9}};" | 43 || rowspan=3 | 13 || rowspan=3 | 8 || 7 || rowspan=2 | 0

|-

| 2019-05-29{{efn|National Councillor Daniel Frei leaves the SP and joins the GLP}} || rowspan=2 style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Switzerland}}|0.9}};" | 54 || rowspan=2 | 8

|-

| 2019-06-03{{efn|National Councillor Daniel Fässler is elected to the Council of States and remains in the C group, but the canton of Appenzell-Innerhoden decides to not fill his National Council seat which is left vacant until the federal election}} || style="background-color:#{{hexShade|{{party color|Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland}}|0.9}};" | 42 || 1

|-

|}

{{notelist}}

• 2023 Swiss federal election
• 2019 Swiss federal election
• 2015 Swiss federal election
• 2011 Swiss federal election
• 2007 Swiss federal election
• Hotel Bellevue Palace
• Federal Diet of Switzerland
• Parliament Act (Switzerland)
• Parliamentary Services (Switzerland)
• Political Institutions Committee

{{Reflist}}

• {{citation |title=The Swiss Confederation – A Brief Guide 2015 |date=28 April 2015 |publisher=Swiss Federal Chancellery FCh of the Swiss Confederation |editor=Federal Chancellor Corina Casanova |location=Berne, Switzerland |url=https://www.bk.admin.ch/dokumentation/02070/index.html?lang=en |format=PDF |access-date=2016-01-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121153201/https://www.bk.admin.ch/dokumentation/02070/index.html?lang=en |archive-date=21 January 2016 |df=dmy-all}}

• [https://www.parlament.ch/F/Pages/default.aspx Official website]
• {{HDS|10081|Federal Assembly}}

{{Switzerland topics}}

{{National bicameral legislatures}}

{{Parliaments in Europe}}

{{Portal bar|Politics|Switzerland}}

{{Authority control}}

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