Ferdows

File:Iran provinces in Abbasid Caliphate.jpg. Toon (Ferdows), Qaen and Tabas are the cities indicated in Quhistan (Nowadays South Khorasan Province).]]

File:La Perse la Georgie et la Turquie d'Asie, by Nicolas de Fer.jpg

Image:Rigobert Bonne. Perse. 1787 (K).jpg

Image:Persia 1814.jpg

Founded by the Medes, Ferdows is currently a city. It was a large and famous city in ancient days. There is an unproven theory that the town's name in ancient days was "Taban" (or shining; تابان in Persian). In the Islamic era it became known as Toon or Tūn, a name retained until 1929, when it was changed to Ferdows.

The first people to inhabit Ferdows were a group of Sagartians. Toon was a famous and thriving city both before and during the Islamic era. It was one of the most prominent cities of Quhistan, along with Qaen; Nasir Khusraw mentioned Toon as a large city in the 11th century. However, Toon was plundered and destroyed by the Mongols in 1239. Eventually, Toon recovered and regained its statues as one of Quhistan's major cities. Marco Polo mentioned the south Khorasan region as Toonoqaen, apparently in reference to the two largest cities, Toon and Qaen.{{cite web|url=http://www.sh-ferdows.ir/statics.aspx?flag=1 |title=Ferdows Municipality‌ Website |language=fa }}{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{cite web|url=http://sk-ferdos.ir/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=30&Itemid=52|title=Ferdows Governorship|language=fa|access-date=2008-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080319085038/http://www.sk-ferdos.ir/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=30&Itemid=52|archive-date=2008-03-19|url-status=dead}}

In early 1751 the town was captured by Ahmad Shah Durrani during his invasion of Khorasan under Shahrokh Shah.{{Cite book|last=Asia Publishing House New York|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.185261|title=Ahmad Shah Durrani (father Of Modern Afghanistan)|date=1859}}

Ferdows was still a famous and prosperous city in Khorasan at the beginning of the 20th century and the Municipality of Ferdows, originally formed in 1925 (under the name of Toon), was one of the first municipalities of Khorasan province.{{cite web|url=http://www.sh-ferdows.ir/statics.aspx?flag=2 |title=Ferdows Municipality History Website |language=fa }}{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} However, the city experienced significant decline following a devastating earthquake in 1968.

After Khorasan province was divided into three provinces, Ferdows County was initially a part of Razavi Khorasan{{Cite report|title=The law of division of Khorasan province into three provinces|url=https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/86173|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030193054/https://qavanin.ir/Law/TreeText/86173|archive-date=30 October 2020|website=qavanin.ir|via=Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran|publisher=Islamic Council|last=Adel|first=Gholam Ali Haddad|language=fa|access-date=27 December 2023|date=c. 2020|orig-date=Approved 3 September 1383}} province, but was incorporated within the borders of South Khorasan province in 2006.{{Cite report|title=Approval letter regarding national divisions regarding Ferdows County of Razavi Khorasan province|url=http://www.rooznamehrasmi.ir/Detail.asp?NewsID=923480581759097|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930021418/http://www.rooznamehrasmi.ir/Detail.asp?NewsID=923480581759097|archive-date=30 September 2007|website=rooznamehrasmi.ir|via=Iranian Official Journal|publisher=Ministry of the Interior, Cabinet of Ministers|last=Davodi|first=Parviz|language=fa|access-date=10 November 2024|date=8 October 2016|orig-date=Approved 13 December 1385|id=Notification 168635/T34488H}}

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 23,405 in 6,538 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): South Khorasan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/29.xls|access-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920092820/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/29.xls|format=Excel|archive-date=20 September 2011}} The following census in 2011 counted 25,968 people in 7,316 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): South Khorasan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=irandataportal.syr.edu|via=Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University|url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/South-Khorasan.xls|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120174134/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/South-Khorasan.xls|archive-date=20 January 2023|access-date=19 December 2022|format=Excel}} The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 28,695 people in 8,749 households.{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): South Khorasan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_29.xlsx|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017050122/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_29.xlsx|format=Excel|archive-date=17 October 2020}}

Ferdows is on the Plateau of Iran, between a desert region (mainly to the south and west) and a mountainous region (especially to the north and east). Most of villages around Ferdows are situated in the mountainous region to the north and northeast. The nearest town, Eslamieh, lies just 3 km northeast. The city lies on the main route from Kerman, Yazd, Bandar Abbas and other southern cities to Mashhad and hosts more than 6 million pilgrims annually on their way to Mashhad.{{cite web|url=http://www.khorasannews.com/News.aspx?type=4&year=1388&month=4&day=10&id=372498 |script-title=fa:فردوس در حوزه گردشگری باید به صورت ویژه دیده شود |language=fa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726072552/http://www.khorasannews.com/News.aspx?type=4&year=1388&month=4&day=10&id=372498 |archive-date=2011-07-26 }} It is also a nexus of several roads converging from different areas of Iran.

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The climate is mild in the spring, hot in the summer, cool and rainy in autumn, and cold in the winter. Being located near deserts, the temperature difference between day and night, and also between summer and winter, is relatively high. The majority of precipitation occurs from mid-autumn to mid-spring. The hottest month is July (mean minimum temperature 21.8 °C, mean maximum temperature 36.6 °C) and the coldest is January (mean minimum temperature -1 °C, mean maximum temperature 10.3 °C){{cite web|url=http://www.irimo.ir/farsi/drought/synopH/Ferdous.txt |title=Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO), Ferdous Station |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615123115/http://www.irimo.ir/farsi/drought/synopH/Ferdous.txt |archive-date=2011-06-15 }}

{{Weather box

| location = Ferdows (1991-2020)

| single line = yes

| metric first = yes

| Jan record high C = 20.7

| Feb record high C = 27.2

| Mar record high C = 33.8

| Apr record high C = 35.2

| May record high C = 39.6

| Jun record high C = 43.2

| Jul record high C = 43.6

| Aug record high C = 43.6

| Sep record high C = 38.9

| Oct record high C = 35.2

| Nov record high C = 29.0

| Dec record high C = 25.2

| year record high C =

| Jan high C = 10.3

| Feb high C = 13.0

| Mar high C = 18.3

| Apr high C = 24.7

| May high C = 30.4

| Jun high C = 35.4

| Jul high C = 36.5

| Aug high C = 35.0

| Sep high C = 31.8

| Oct high C = 25.6

| Nov high C = 17.9

| Dec high C = 12.5

| year high C = 24.3

| Jan mean C = 4.5

| Feb mean C = 7.1

| Mar mean C = 12.2

| Apr mean C = 18.4

| May mean C = 24.1

| Jun mean C = 28.9

| Jul mean C = 30.1

| Aug mean C = 28.2

| Sep mean C = 24.4

| Oct mean C = 18.4

| Nov mean C = 11.2

| Dec mean C = 6.3

| year mean C = 17.8

| Jan low C = -0.1

| Feb low C = 2.1

| Mar low C = 6.6

| Apr low C = 12.0

| May low C = 16.9

| Jun low C = 21.2

| Jul low C = 22.9

| Aug low C = 20.6

| Sep low C = 16.0

| Oct low C = 11.0

| Nov low C = 5.3

| Dec low C = 1.5

| year low C = 11.3

| Jan record low C = -20.6

| Feb record low C = -12.6

| Mar record low C = -6.6

| Apr record low C = -0.9

| May record low C = 5.9

| Jun record low C = 13.2

| Jul record low C = 12.4

| Aug record low C = 10.0

| Sep record low C = 5.5

| Oct record low C = -0.3

| Nov record low C = -8.8

| Dec record low C = -10.4

| year record low C =

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 26.0

| Feb precipitation mm = 24.7

| Mar precipitation mm = 29.4

| Apr precipitation mm = 18.7

| May precipitation mm = 6.8

| Jun precipitation mm = 0.6

| Jul precipitation mm = 0.0

| Aug precipitation mm = 0.2

| Sep precipitation mm = 0.0

| Oct precipitation mm = 2.6

| Nov precipitation mm = 9.9

| Dec precipitation mm = 17.0

| year precipitation mm = 135.9

| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm

| Jan precipitation days = 4.1

| Feb precipitation days = 4.3

| Mar precipitation days = 4.6

| Apr precipitation days = 3.5

| May precipitation days = 1.6

| Jun precipitation days = 0.2

| Jul precipitation days = 0.0

| Aug precipitation days = 0.0

| Sep precipitation days = 0.0

| Oct precipitation days = 0.7

| Nov precipitation days = 2.0

| Dec precipitation days = 3.2

| year precipitation days = 24.2

| Jan humidity = 56

| Feb humidity = 50

| Mar humidity = 43

| Apr humidity = 35

| May humidity = 27

| Jun humidity = 20

| Jul humidity = 20

| Aug humidity = 20

| Sep humidity = 21

| Oct humidity = 28

| Nov humidity = 42

| Dec humidity = 53

| year humidity = 34.6

| Jan dew point C =-4.1

| Feb dew point C =-3.5

| Mar dew point C =-1.1

| Apr dew point C =1.8

| May dew point C =2.9

| Jun dew point C =3.3

| Jul dew point C =4.4

| Aug dew point C =2.9

| Sep dew point C =0.4

| Oct dew point C =-1.0

| Nov dew point C =-2.0

| Dec dew point C =-3.2

| Jan sun = 200

| Feb sun = 200

| Mar sun = 230

| Apr sun = 263

| May sun = 319

| Jun sun = 357

| Jul sun = 379

| Aug sun = 369

| Sep sun = 326

| Oct sun = 294

| Nov sun = 231

| Dec sun = 205

| year sun = 3373

| source = NOAA{{cite web

|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Iran/CSV/Ferdows_40792.csv

|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Ferdows

|format = CSV

|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

|access-date = December 31, 2023}}

}}

{{Weather box|width=auto

|location = Ferdows, Iran

|collapsed = yes

|metric first = yes

|single line = yes

|Jan high C = 10.3

|Feb high C = 12.7

|Mar high C = 17.3

|Apr high C = 24.7

|May high C = 30.3

|Jun high C = 35.7

|Jul high C = 36.6

|Aug high C = 35.2

|Sep high C = 32.3

|Oct high C = 25.8

|Nov high C = 18.9

|Dec high C = 12.9

|year high C = 24.4

|Jan mean C = 5.2

|Feb mean C = 7.5

|Mar mean C = 12.1

|Apr mean C = 19.3

|May mean C = 24.9

|Jun mean C = 30.3

|Jul mean C = 31.4

|Aug mean C = 29.5

|Sep mean C = 25.8

|Oct mean C = 19.3

|Nov mean C = 12.7

|Dec mean C = 7.3

|year mean C = 18.8

|Jan low C = -1.0

|Feb low C = 0.7

|Mar low C = 4.7

|Apr low C = 10.5

|May low C = 14.9

|Jun low C = 19.7

|Jul low C = 21.8

|Aug low C = 19.2

|Sep low C = 14.5

|Oct low C = 9.3

|Nov low C = 4.3

|Dec low C = 0.9

|year low C = 10.0

| Jan humidity =60

| Feb humidity =53

| Mar humidity =45

| Apr humidity =36

| May humidity =27

| Jun humidity =21

| Jul humidity =21

| Aug humidity =22

| Sep humidity =22

| Oct humidity =29

| Nov humidity =40

| Dec humidity =56

| year humidity =

| Jan dew point C =-3.5

| Feb dew point C =-2.9

| Mar dew point C =-0.9

| Apr dew point C =1.9

| May dew point C =3.0

| Jun dew point C =4.2

| Jul dew point C =5.1

| Aug dew point C =3.7

| Sep dew point C =0.9

| Oct dew point C =-0.6

| Nov dew point C =-2.2

| Dec dew point C =-2.4

|Jan precipitation mm = 26.0

|Feb precipitation mm = 28.0

|Mar precipitation mm = 34.6

|Apr precipitation mm = 18.2

|May precipitation mm = 5.1

|Jun precipitation mm = 0.4

|Jul precipitation mm = 0.1

|Aug precipitation mm = 0.4

|Sep precipitation mm = 0.1

|Oct precipitation mm = 2.4

|Nov precipitation mm = 6.5

|Dec precipitation mm = 26.0

|year precipitation mm = 147.8

|Jan precipitation days = 7.0

|Feb precipitation days = 6.9

|Mar precipitation days = 8.3

|Apr precipitation days = 5.2

|May precipitation days = 2.5

|Jun precipitation days = 0.3

|Jul precipitation days = 0.1

|Aug precipitation days = 0.1

|Sep precipitation days = 0.1

|Oct precipitation days = 1.2

|Nov precipitation days = 2.6

|Dec precipitation days = 6.1

|year precipitation days = 40.4

|unit precipitation days = 0.01 mm

|Jan sun = 184

|Feb sun = 198

|Mar sun = 223

|Apr sun = 261

|May sun = 321

|Jun sun = 358

|Jul sun = 370

|Aug sun = 366

|Sep sun = 322

|Oct sun = 279

|Nov sun = 230

|Dec sun = 185

|year sun = 3297

|source 1 = Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO){{cite web

|url=http://www.irimo.ir/farsi/drought/synopH/Ferdous.txt

|title=Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO), Ferdous Station

|url-status=dead

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615123115/http://www.irimo.ir/farsi/drought/synopH/Ferdous.txt

|archive-date=2011-06-15

}}

}}

Ferdows is famous for its high quality Saffron and pomegranate.{{Cite web|url=http://www.iran-daily.com/1387/3156/html/iranica.htm#s313635 |title=Ferdows an Eastern Heaven |access-date=6 April 2009 |publisher=Iran Daily |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307114827/http://www.iran-daily.com/1387/3156/html/iranica.htm |archive-date=March 7, 2009 }}

File:مدرسه علیا فردوس 06.jpg Religious School of Ferdows]]

File: کاروانسرای خوشاب-2.jpg

File:Museum of anthropology in ferdows.jpg

File:Imamzadeh tomb in ferdows.jpg

Image:Ferdows Hole in the Rock 3.jpg]]

Major visitor attractions of Ferdows are:

• Ferdows Hot Mineral Spring: one of the most important attractions of Ferdows for Iranian and International tourists
• Ferdows Religious School (belonged to the Safavid dynasty)
• Ferdows Congregation Mosque (Jame' Mosque of Ferdows) (belonged to the Seljuk dynasty)
• Ferdows Hole-in-the-Rock, a natural geological formation
• Polond Desert, a beautiful desert located 40 kilometers West of Ferdows
• Ferdows Museum

It is located in the city of Ferdows, launched by entrepreneur in Iran, Dr. Mohammad Reza Amirhassankhani. He believes in the district of Ferdows with beautiful sightseeing and tourist destinations, investing his money there for many years. The large Complex includes a variety of subsectors:

• Emad Nezam Traditional Hotel
• Emad Nezam Scientific, cultural and recreational collection affiliated with Mofid educational complex
• Emad Nezam Sports Club
• Emad Nezam Football Academy
• Mofid Educational Complex
• Polond Desert Tourism Camp{{cite web|url=http://emadnezam.com/|title=هتل سنتی عمادنظام فردوس|website=هتل سنتی عمادنظام فردوس}}

Education and culture Ferdows currently has several higher education centers:    

• Islamic Azad University, Ferdows{{Cite web |title=Islamic Azad University, Ferdows {{!}} Ranking & Review |url=https://www.4icu.org/reviews/13300.htm |access-date=2022-05-07 |website=www.4icu.org}}
• Ferdows  and Qaen Medical Schools{{Cite web |title=Qaen and Ferdows Medical Schools |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357887287}}{{cn|date=May 2022}}
• Ferdows Institute of Higher Education{{cn|date=September 2023}}
• Ferdows Faculty of Engineering{{Cite web |date=2013-11-04 |title=دانشگاه فني و مهندسي فردوس؛ از تأسيس تا ارتقا |url=http://khorasannews.com/News.aspx?type=4&year=1392&month=5&day=26&id=5055665 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104153741/http://khorasannews.com/News.aspx?type=4&year=1392&month=5&day=26&id=5055665 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-11-04 |access-date=2022-05-07 }}

• Badiozzaman Forouzanfar
• Mohammad Jafar Yahaghi
• Mulla Alaul Maulk Tuni
• Alireza Danesh Sokhanvar

• 1968 Dasht-e Bayaz and Ferdows earthquakes
• AH78
• Road 91 (Iran)

{{commons category-inline|Ferdows}}

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• [https://archive.today/20070710075729/http://iran-daily.com/1385/2673/html/panorama.htm#s176970 Toun Under ICHHTO Protection]

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{{South Khorasan Province|state=collapsed}}

{{Ferdows County|state=collapsed}}

Category:Ferdows

Category:Cities in South Khorasan province

Category:Populated places in Ferdows County