Fernando Primo de Rivera

{{Short description|Spanish general and politician (1831–1921)}}

{{More citations needed|date=February 2022}}

{{family name hatnote|Primo de Rivera|Sobremonte|lang=Spanish}}

{{Infobox officeholder

| name = The Marquess of Estella

| image = Fernando Primo de Rivera y Sobremonte, de Kaulak.jpg

| caption = Photograph by Kaulak

| term_start = April 23, 1897

| term_end = April 11, 1898

| order = 102nd and 115th Governor and Captain-General of the Philippines

| monarch = Alfonso XIII

| predecessor = José de Lachambre

| successor = Basilio Augustín

| term_start2 = April 15, 1880

| term_end2 = March 10, 1883

| monarch2 = Alfonso XII

| predecessor2 = Rafael Rodríguez Arias

| successor2 = Emilio Molíns

| birth_date = 24 July 1831

| birth_place = Sevilla, Spain

| death_date = {{death date and age|1921|05|23|1831|07|24|mf=y}}

| death_place = Madrid, Spain

| honorific_prefix = The Most Excellent

| honorific_suffix =

| relatives = José Antonio Primo de Rivera (grandnephew){{cite book |last1=Thomàs |first1=Joan Maria |title=José Antonio Primo de Rivera: The Reality and Myth of a Spanish Fascist Leader |date=3 May 2019 |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=978-1-78920-209-0 |page=28 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l-t3DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA28 |access-date=2 February 2022 |language=en}}

| termstart4 = 3 July 1907

| termend4 = 1 March 1909

| monarch4 = Alfonso XIII

| primeminister4 = Antonio Maura

| predecessor4 = Francisco de Paula Loño y Pérez

| successor4 = Arsenio Linares y Pombo

| office3 = Minister of War of Spain

| primeminister5 = Eduardo Dato

| monarch5 = Alfonso XIII

| predecessor5 = Francisco Aguilera y Egea

| successor5 = José Marina Vega

| termstart5 = 11 June

| termend5 = 18 October 1917

| status3 = Interim

| termstart3 = 31 December 1874

| termend3 = 1 January 1875 Interim until the arrival of Joaquín Jovellar

| 1blankname3 = President of the Ministry-Regency

| 1namedata3 = Antonio Cánovas del Castillo

| predecessor3 = Francisco Serrano Bedoya

| successor3 = Joaquín Jovellar

| 1blankname = Regent

| 1namedata = Maria Christina of Austria

| 2blankname = Prime Minister

| 2namedata = Antonio Cánovas del Castillo
Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero
Práxedes Mateo Sagasta

| 3blankname = Minister of Overseas

| 3namedata = Tomás Castellano y Villarroya
Segismundo Moret

| primeminister2 = Antonio Cánovas del Castillo
Práxedes Mateo Sagasta

| 1blankname2 = Minister of Overseas

| 1namedata2 = Cayetano Sánchez Bustillo
Fernando León y Castillo

}}

Fernando Primo de Rivera y Sobremonte, 1st Marquess of Estella (24 July 1831 – 23 May 1921) was a Spanish army officer and politician.

Fernando Primo de Rivera was the son of Jose Joaquin Primo de Rivera y Ortiz de Pinedo (1777-1853), an important naval officer, and his wife Juana María Nepomucena de Sobremonte y Larrazábal. His paternal grandfather was Joaquín Primo de Rivera y Pérez de Acal, governor of Maracaibo.

He served in several wars, including the 1848 and 1866 Madrid insurrections and the second Carlista War. When forces under his command in the second Carlist War captured Estella, he was named Marquess of Estella. He was the Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines from 1880 to 1883. In 1897, he again became the Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines. He temporarily suspended hostilities in the Philippine Revolution through negotiations with Emilio Aguinaldo in the Pact of Biak-na-Bato.{{cite news |last1=Ma. Guerrero |first1=Amadis |title=In Bulacan, the come on is history |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=11U1AAAAIBAJ&pg=PA60 |access-date=2 February 2022 |publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=25 June 2000 |language=en}} He was a Minister and the 70th Prime Minister of Spain for one day between 30 and 31 December 1874. He was created the 1st Marquess of Estella{{cite book |last1=Raineval |first1=Melville Henry Massue marquis de Ruvigny et |title=The Titled Nobility of Europe: An International Peerage, Or "Who's Who," of the Sovereigns, Princes, and Nobles of Europe |date=1914 |publisher=Burke's Peerage |isbn=978-0-85011-028-9 |page=625 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jVE4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA625 |access-date=2 February 2022 |language=en}} on 25 May 1877, the 1,124th Knight of the Spanish Order of the Golden Fleece and the 287th Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Our Lady of the Concepcion of Vila Viçosa of Portugal in 1879.

He was married in Sevilla on 18 June 1857 to María del Pilar Arias-Quiroga y Escalera (Sevilla, Alcolea del Río, c. 1835 – 10 May 1894), 745th Dame of the Royal Order of Queen María Luisa, daughter of Juan Arias-Quiroga y Mejías, 7th Marquess of Arias-Quiroga and his wife María Manuela de Escalera y Fernández de Peñaranda, daughter of Roberto de Escalera y Fernandez de Peñarada, 46th Lord of Peñaranda, by whom he had no issue. He was also the uncle of Miguel Primo de Rivera, the Spanish dictator, and granduncle of the founder of the Falange Española, Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera.