FieldTurf

Jean Prévost bought the patent of the FieldTurf product in 1988, and originally named his Montreal-based company SynTenni Co., a name which would eventually be dropped in favor of FieldTurf Inc.{{cite web|url=http://www.hoovers.com/fieldturf/--ID__106273--/free-co-profile.xhtml|title=Field Turf Company Description|work=Hoover's A D&B Company|access-date=December 18, 2008}} In 1995, John Gilman, a former Canadian Football League player and coach, joined FieldTurf as CEO.

In 1997, FieldTurf made its first major installation for a professional team, at the training facility for the English Premiership's Middlesbrough F.C. {{As of|2012}}, FieldTurf has installed over 7000 athletic fields.{{cite web|url=http://www.prweb.com/releases/fieldturf/nfl/prweb8115153.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209015838/http://www.prweb.com/releases/fieldturf/nfl/prweb8115153.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 9, 2011|title=NFL Players Rank FieldTurf as Best Artificial Turf Field in the League for Tenth Year in a Row|website=Prweb.com|access-date=November 5, 2017}}

In 2005, French flooring manufacturer and minority shareholder Tarkett increased its share in FieldTurf, which led to the integration of the two companies.{{cite web|url=http://www.allbusiness.com/services/amusement-recreation-services/4567749-1.html|title=Artificial turf pair complete merger|work=All Business, a D&B company|access-date=September 19, 2005}} FieldTurf is a part of the Tarkett Sports division of the holding company Tarkett SA.

In May 2010, FieldTurf acquired the American company EasyTurf of San Diego, California, as a way to gain entry into the rapidly growing residential and commercial synthetic grass markets in the United States.{{Cite press release|url=http://www.tarkett.com/en/content/fieldturf-and-easyturf-join-forces |title=FieldTurf and EasyTurf Join Forces|access-date=May 31, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130709082539/http://www.tarkett.com/en/content/fieldturf-and-easyturf-join-forces |archive-date=July 9, 2013 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}}{{When|date=May 2022}}

File:Mackay 10oct2015.jpg the University of Nevada, Reno at a view from the upper southeast corner during the game vs. New Mexico on October 10, 2015]]

The surface is composed of monofilament polyethylene-blend fibers tufted into a polypropylene backing. The infill is composed of a bottom layer of silica sand, a middle layer which is a mixture of sand and cryogenic rubber, and a top layer of only rubber. The fibers are meant to replicate blades of grass, while the infill acts as a cushion. This cushion is intended to improve safety when compared to earlier artificial surfaces and allows players to plant and pivot as if they were playing on a grass field.{{cite news | url=http://vault.sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1017343/index.htm | work=CNN | title=Field Of Greens | date=October 18, 1999 | access-date=May 2, 2010 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://archive.today/20121202233952/http://vault.sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1017343/index.htm | archive-date=December 2, 2012 | df=mdy-all }}

Each square foot of turf contains about 3 kg (7 lb) of sand and 1.5 kg (3 lb) of cryogenic rubber. FieldTurf does not use shock-absorbency pads below its infill. The backing of the turf is a combination of woven and nonwoven polypropylene. These materials are permeable and allow water to drain through the backing itself.{{cite web|url=http://www.fieldturf.com/product/designConstruction.cfm|title=Design and Construction|work=FieldTurf Tarkett|access-date=January 5, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217111633/http://www.fieldturf.com/product/designConstruction.cfm|archive-date=December 17, 2008|df=mdy-all}}

Some evidence shows higher player injury on artificial turf. In a study performed by the National Football League Injury and Safety Panel, published in the October 2012 issue of the American Journal of Sports Medicine, Elliott B. Hershman et al. reviewed injury data from NFL games played between 2000 and 2009. They wrote, "...the injury rate of knee sprains as a whole was 22% higher on FieldTurf than on natural grass. While MCL sprains did not occur at a rate significantly higher than on grass, rates of ACL sprains were 67% higher on FieldTurf."{{cite web|author=David Geier|url=http://www.drdavidgeier.com/ask-dr-geier-acl-tears-on-natural-grass-or-fieldturf/|title=Is an ACL tear more common on artificial turf or grass?|date=January 18, 2013|website=drdavidgeier.com|access-date=November 5, 2017}}

Studies of the safety of FieldTurf are conflicting. A five-year study funded by FieldTurf and published in the American Journal of Sports Medicine found that injury rates for high-school sports were similar on natural grass and synthetic turf. However, notable differences in the types of injuries were found. Athletes playing on synthetic turf sustained more skin injuries and muscle strains, while those who played on natural grass were more susceptible to concussions and ligament tears.{{cite web|url=http://www.athleticturf.net/athleticturf/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=130784|title=Study compares high school athlete injuries on natural turf and FieldTurf|work=Athletic Turf News|access-date=October 27, 2004|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060824092758/http://www.athleticturf.net/athleticturf/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=130784|archive-date=August 24, 2006|df=mdy-all}} In 2010, another FieldTurf-funded but peer-reviewed study was published in the American Journal of Sports Medicine, this time on NCAA Division I-A football, concluding that in many cases, games played on FieldTurf-branded products led to fewer injuries than those played on natural grass.{{cite journal

|title = Incidence, Mechanisms, and Severity of Game-Related College Football Injuries on FieldTurf Versus Natural Grass A 3-Year Prospective Study

|author = Meyers, Michael C

|journal = The American Journal of Sports Medicine

|volume = 38

|issue = 4

|pages = 687–697

|year = 2010

|publisher = American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine

|url = http://www.sd129.org/database/district/downloads/district/College%20Safety%20Study-b.pdf

|doi = 10.1177/0363546509352464

|pmid = 20075177

|s2cid = 28236245

|url-status = dead

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130522072133/http://www.sd129.org/database/district/downloads/district/College%20Safety%20Study-b.pdf

|archive-date = May 22, 2013

|df = mdy-all

}} However, the NFL's Injury and Safety Panel presented a study finding that anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries happened 88% more often in games played on FieldTurf than in games played on grass.{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/news/story?id=4988136 |title=Panel: Knee, ankle injury higher on turf |date=March 12, 2010|website=ESPN|access-date=5 November 2017}} In 2012, the Injury and Safety Panel published an independently funded analysis of actual game data over the 2000–2009 seasons. Their statistically significant findings showed a 67% higher rate of ACL sprains and 31% higher rate of eversion ankle sprains.{{Cite journal

| pmid = 22972855

| year = 2012

| last1 = Hershman

| first1 = E. B.

| title = An analysis of specific lower extremity injury rates on grass and Field Turf playing surfaces in National Football League Games: 2000–2009 seasons

| journal = The American Journal of Sports Medicine

| volume = 40

| issue = 10

| pages = 2200–5

| last2 = Anderson

| first2 = R

| last3 = Bergfeld

| first3 = J. A.

| last4 = Bradley

| first4 = J. P.

| last5 = Coughlin

| first5 = M. J.

| last6 = Johnson

| first6 = R. J.

| last7 = Spindler

| first7 = K. P.

| last8 = Wojtys

| first8 = E

| last9 = Powell

| first9 = J. W.

| author10 = National Football League Injury Safety Panel

| doi = 10.1177/0363546512458888

| last11 = Casolaro

| first11 = M. A.

| last12 = Mayer

| first12 = T.

| last13 = Pellman

| first13 = E.

| last14 = Tessendorf

| first14 = W.

| last15 = Tucker

| first15 = A.

| s2cid = 35714533

}}

{{Further|List of FieldTurf installations}}

File:FieldTurf promotion at Patriot Place.jpg]]

The first installation of FieldTurf in the United States took place at Dick Bivins Stadium in Amarillo, Texas (which was the home field for the Amarillo Independent School District's football teams) in 1998. The first major college football installation was at University of Nebraska's Memorial Stadium in 1999. The following year, it was installed at the two Pac-10 stadiums: Martin Stadium in Pullman, Washington and Husky Stadium in Seattle. The first installation in an NFL (and by extension, professional) stadium was in 2002, at the Seattle Seahawks' new stadium, known as Lumen Field. Originally planned to have a natural grass field, the Seahawks instead decided to install FieldTurf after they had played the two previous seasons in Husky Stadium on that surface, and to ease conversion and footing concerns for a future Major League Soccer team in the venue, which has been shared with Seattle Sounders FC since 2009 (natural grass is brought in and installed over the FieldTurf for FIFA-sanctioned events).{{cite press release|url=http://www.fieldturf.com/en/artificial-turf/artificial-turf-news/field-turf-to-be-installed-at-multi-purpose-stadium|title=FieldTurf: Field Turf to be Installed at Multi-Purpose Stadium|website=fieldturf.com|access-date=November 5, 2017}}{{When|date=May 2022}}

FieldTurf's first high-profile installation came in January 1997 as English club Middlesbrough chose FieldTurf for its new training field. Only artificial fields with FIFA-recommended 2-star status can be used in FIFA and UEFA Finals competitions. Other FIFA and UEFA competitions require at least 1-star status.{{Citation needed|date=December 2016}}

In 2001, Boston University's FieldTurf soccer field became FieldTurf's first to obtain FIFA 1-star status. In 2005, Saprissa Stadium in San José, Costa Rica became the first stadium to host a FIFA World Cup qualifying match on FieldTurf. The Dundalk F.C. Stadium, Oriel Park, received FieldTurf's first FIFA 2-star rating. FieldTurf has 29 FIFA-recommended 1-Star installations and 31 FIFA Recommended 2-Star installations {{as of|2009|lc=y}}.{{cite web|title=FIFA 1-Star Installation|publisher=FIFA|url=https://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/pitchequipment/footballturf/star=1/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420040340/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/pitchequipment/footballturf/star%3D1/index.html|archive-date=April 20, 2009|df=mdy-all}}{{cite web|title=FIFA 2-Star Installations|publisher=FIFA|url=https://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/developing/pitchequipment/footballturf/star=2/index.html}}{{dead link|date=October 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} In 2007, the FIFA U-20 World Cup Canada had almost 50% of its games played on FieldTurf.{{cite web|url=http://www.erdc.co.uk/news_article.php?article=214|title=FIELDTURF DUO STARS AT THE UNDER 20'S WORLD CUP FINALS IN CANADA|website=erdc.co.uk|access-date=November 5, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210164556/https://www.erdc.co.uk/news_article.php?article=214 |archive-date=10 February 2009 |url-status=usurped}}

The use of FieldTurf in Major League Soccer (MLS) has received criticism, especially from the league's international roster players used to playing on natural grass overseas in their home domestic leagues and FIFA competitions.

The installation of the surface at CenturyLink Field in Seattle was approved as mentioned above when the state stadium authority which operates the venue agreed to bring in a natural grass surface for FIFA-sanctioned events.{{cite news| url=http://www.seattlepi.com/football/40640_turf28.shtml | work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer | title=Turf battle ends as stadium board approves FieldTurf | date=September 27, 2001}}

In September 2006, several top Canadian soccer players appealed to the Canadian Soccer Association to install a natural grass surface at BMO Field in Toronto.{{cite news|url= https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/Page/document/v4/sub/MarketingPage?user_URL=https://www.theglobeandmail.com%2Fservlet%2Fstory%2FRTGAM.20060927.soccer-turf28%2FBNStory%2FSports%2Fhome&ord=1161707942696&brand=theglobeandmail&force_login=true|title=Don't use artificial grass in Toronto FC stadium: players|work=globeandmail.com|access-date=February 12, 2007}} {{Dead link|date=April 2014|bot=RjwilmsiBot}} The club removed the FieldTurf playing surface and switched to a traditional grass surface starting in 2010.{{cite web|url=https://www.torontofc.ca/news/grass-installation-underway|title=Grass Installation Underway|date=March 29, 2010|access-date=October 1, 2013|publisher=Toronto FC|archive-date=January 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102101426/http://www.torontofc.ca/news/2010/03/grass-installation-underway|url-status=live}}

Following David Beckham's move to Major League Soccer in 2007, he voiced his opinion that the league should convert to grass for all pitches. In an apology, he stated that the surface is fine at lower levels, but that his feelings had not changed about the MLS use because of the toll the harder surface takes on the body.{{cite web | url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=451617&&cc=5901 | title=Beckham apologizes for ripping FieldTurf | date=August 10, 2007 | access-date=November 13, 2013 | archive-date=October 19, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019085819/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=451617&&cc=5901 | url-status=dead }}{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/sports/soccer/2007-08-09-728654547_x.htm|title=Beckham apologizes for turf remarks|work=USA Today|access-date=October 6, 2007 | date=August 9, 2007}}{{cite news|url=http://blog.washingtonpost.com/soccerinsider/2007/08/beckham_speaks.html|title=Beckham Speaks|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=October 6, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729110223/http://blog.washingtonpost.com/soccerinsider/2007/08/beckham_speaks.html|archive-date=July 29, 2012|df=mdy-all}} Thierry Henry opted out of road matches in Seattle when he played for the New York Red Bulls specifically because of the Sounders' use of FieldTurf in that venue.{{cite web|url=http://prosoccertalk.nbcsports.com/2013/09/25/thierry-henry-jamison-olave-major-league-soccer-field-turf-ligaturf-portland-settle-vancouver/|title='Turf' in the Pacific Northwest: The spectrum of MLS's three Cascadia venues| author=Richard Farley|date=September 25, 2013|website=Prosoccertalk.nbcsports.com|access-date=November 5, 2017}}{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/soccer/henry-stay-seattle-turf-article-1.1470246|title=Red Bulls star Henry to stay off Seattle's turf|website=nydailynews.com|date=September 27, 2013 |access-date=November 5, 2017}}

A specialized version of FieldTurf called Air FieldTurf has been installed to cover the edges of runways at several airports.{{cite web |url=http://www.fieldturf.com/airport/ |title=Air FieldTurf: Groundcover with a Difference |website=Fieldturf.com |access-date=5 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105002202/http://www.fieldturf.com/airport/ |archive-date=November 5, 2011 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}{{cite web |url=http://www.tc.faa.gov/its/worldpac/techrpt/ar06-23.pdf |title=Airside Applications for Artificial Turf |year=2006 |publisher=Federal Aviation Administration|access-date=5 November 2017 }}

• AstroTurf
• Poly-Turf

{{Reflist}}

• {{Official website}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fieldturf}}

Category:Artificial turf