Fifth five-year plan (China)
{{Short description|Chinese economic development plan (1975–1980)}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| title = 5th Five-Year Plan
| s = 第五个五年计划
| t = 第五個五年計劃
| p = Dìwǔgè Wǔnián Jìhuà
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| links = no
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The fifth five-year plan, China's national economic development plan for the years 1976 to 1980. The draft plan was developed in 1975 in conjunction with the draft of the sixth five-year plan. It was significantly revised in 1977 before being formalized in December 1977. The primary goal of the plan was to establish an autonomous industrial system and comprehensively restructure the national economy.
Objectives
The fifth five-year Plan was not an independent five-year plan in the strictest sense of the term; rather, it was a component of a 10-year development plan that was established in 1975. The draft, which was initially proposed, not only aimed to reverse the deteriorating financial situation but also advocated for the complete mechanization of agriculture throughout the nation.{{cite book |last1=李 |first1=克穆 |title=中国宏观经济与宏观调控概况 |date=2007 |publisher=中国财政经济出版社 |location=Beijing |isbn=978-7-5005-9978-4 |pages=101–102}} It also established explicit requirements for the values of steel and petroleum production, as well as non-ferrous metal bases, coal bases, oil and gas fields, iron and steel bases, and power generation.{{cite web |title=1976-1985年发展国民经济十年规划纲要（草案） |url=https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2021-12/15/5666302/files/9576158846a343ea80b8f705666a905c.pdf |website=www.gov.cn |access-date=29 September 2024}}{{cite book |title=China, a Reassessment of the Economy: A Compendium of Papers Submitted to the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States, July 10, 1975 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |series=94th Congress, 1st Session. Joint Committee print |issue=7 |year=1975 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0DtIxPK46bkC&pg=PA537 |access-date=September 29, 2024 |page=537}} Nevertheless, these objectives were determined to be "grossly beyond the capacity of construction" during the program's execution. The Fifth five-year plan was significantly revised during the 3rd plenary session of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. It was not until December 1977 that an official document was issued for its implementation.{{cite book |last1=马 |first1=海龙 等 |title=新型城镇化空间模式 |date=2016 |publisher=宁夏人民出版社 |location=Yinchuan |isbn=978-7-227-06330-8 |pages=6–7}}{{cite book |last1=武 |first1=力 |title=中华人民共和国经济史 1949-1999 上 |date=1999 |publisher=中国经济出版社 |location=Beijing |isbn=7-5017-0490-2 |pages=723–726}} In April 1979, the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party formally announced the guideline of "Adjustment, Reform, Rectification, and Enhancement" at its work conference in order to gradually restructure the national economy.{{cite web |title=从800亿到100万亿 中国"五年规划"的故事-荆楚网-湖北日报网 |url=http://news.cnhubei.com/content/2021-03/30/content_13704941.html |website=news.cnhubei.com}}
Accomplishments
For two consecutive years following the revision of the fifth five-year plan in 1977 and 1978, the gross social output value, industrial and agricultural output value, and national income experienced a significant increase. Additionally, the output of major industrial and agricultural products either surpassed or recovered its highest level in history.{{cite book |title=China and the Chinese: A Compendium of Papers Submitted to the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States, November 19, 1976 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |year=1976 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h3nQAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA28 |access-date=September 29, 2024 |page=28}}{{cite book |title=Allocation of Resources in the Soviet Union and China: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Priorities and Economy in Government of the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States, Ninety-fifth Congress, First Session-One Hundred First Congress, Second Session |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |year=1977 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kBikTwclcJwC&pg=RA1-PA43 |access-date=September 29, 2024 |page=1-PA43}} The level of industrialization was increased after the two years of adjustment in 1979 and 1980.{{cite book |last=White |first=T. |title=China's Longest Campaign: Birth Planning in the People's Republic, 1949–2005 |publisher=Cornell University Press |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-5017-2658-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VlhuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA135 |access-date=September 29, 2024 |page=135}}
References
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{{Country study}}
{{Five-year plans of China}}