Firuz Bey

Feriz Beg belonged to the Mihaloğlu family, a noted Byzantine family which converted to Islam and was important in the early Ottoman conquests of the Balkans.

From 1495 to 1496, Feriz was sanjak-beg of the Sanjak of Bosnia.{{Sfn|Sarajevu|2007|p=200}} His predecessor Jahja Pasha built a mosque in Sarajevo during his reign in Bosnia (1494–95) but did not provide a water supply to it. According to a legend, he asked his successor, Firuz Bey to do so from Sedrenik to the Jahja Pasha mosque. Firuz Bey did so and also built a public tap in honour of his predecessor.{{cite book|title=Naučno društvo Bosne i Hercegovine: Odjeljenje istorisko-filoloških nauka|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2LJOAQAAIAAJ|year=1960}}

Feriz Beg held the position of Sanjak-bey of the Sanjak of Scutari from 1496 to 1502.{{Sfn|Rizaj|1982|p=299}}{{Sfn|Preto|2010|p=33}} Đurađ Crnojević who controlled the neighboring Principality of Zeta maintained frequent correspondence with other Christian feudal states with the intention of establishing an anti-Ottoman coalition. When his brother Stefan betrayed him to the Ottomans in 1496,{{Sfn|društvo|1935|p=194}} Đurađ proposed to accept the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire and Firuz Bey if they allowed him to remain as governor in Zeta. Firuz Bey refused this proposal and invited Đurađ to either come to Scutari to clarify his anti-Ottoman activities or to flee Zeta. When Firuz Bey attacked Zeta with strong forces in 1496 Đurađ was forced to flee to Venice.{{Sfn|Jovanović|1947|p=52}} In 1497, Firuz Bey captured Grbalj and put Zeta under his effective military control, although it was still part of the Zeta governed by Stefan Crnojević.{{Sfn|Pavle S. Radusinović|1978|p=44}} In 1499, Firuz Bey formally annexed Zeta to the territory of Sanjak of Scutari,{{Sfn|Pavle S. Radusinović|1978|p=44}}{{Sfn|Jovanović|1947|p=52}} after he became suspicious of Stefan because of his connections with Venice. Firuz Bey invited Stefan Crnojević to Skadar where he imprisoned him. It is thought that Stefan probably died in prison since he was never mentioned again in historical sources.{{Sfn|Марковић|1969|p=154}} In 1499, Firuz Bey organized raids of the territory around Durazzo. It was poorly defended and its population would have surrendered if Firuz Bey had brought more forces.{{Sfn|Press|1948|p=76}} During the same year Firuz Bey joined Isa Pasha and raided the inland of Dalmatia.{{Sfn|Goodwin|2013|p=104}} In 1501, Firuz Bey captured Durazzo.{{Sfn|Press|1948|p=80}} After the Ottoman–Venetian War (1499–1503), Firuz Bey became the Ottoman representative for the region of Cattaro.{{Sfn|Elezović|1953|p=88}}

After the death of Skender Pasha in November 1504, Firuz Bey became Sanjak-bey of the Sanjak of Bosnia again.{{Sfn|Bojović|1998|p=112}} The first mention of the name of the city Sarajevo was in a 1507 letter written by Firuz Bey.{{Sfn|Tanzer| Longoria|2007|p=272}} In 1509, he built a hammam ({{langx|bs|Ćifte hamam}}) in Sarajevo and several shops around it as its vakif.{{CN|date=March 2023}} He also built a mekteb (elementary school){{Sfn|Sarajevu|2007|p=224}} and madrasa before 1515. This was the oldest madrasa in Sarajevo and one of the oldest in Bosnia.{{Sfn|umetnosti|1965|p=102}} In 1528, the neighborhood of this madrasa developed into a mahala named Mahala of Firuz Beg's Madrasa ({{langx|bs|Mahala Firuz-begove medrese}}).{{CN|date=March 2023}}

Until 1945, one street in Sarajevo was named after Feriz Beg.{{Sfn|Bejtić|1973|p=162}} After Bosnia and Herzegovina seceded from Yugoslavia in 1992, one street is again named after Firuz Bey.[http://sarajevo.co.ba/o-sarajevu/ulice-grada-sarajeva/ List of streets of Sarajevo on Sarajevo.ba portal (Glasinačka # Firuz-begova)] His madrasa was destroyed at the end of the 17th century by the army of Eugene of Savoy.{{Sfn|Kasumović|1999|p=158|ps="Neke od njih kao što su Firuz-begova, Kemal-begova i Mehmed-begova medresa koje su stradale u požaru u vrijeme napada Eugena Savojskog na Sarajevo, 1697. godine nisu više nikada ni obnovljene. Na ruševinama ovih medresa ili u ..."}} His hammam was operational until 1810 when it was closed down by Ottoman authorities because of the poor state of its roof. The building slowly deteriorated and was almost completely destroyed right before the First World War. The site and remains of this hammam are defined as a National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina since 2008.{{Cite web |url=http://kons.gov.ba/main.php?id_struct=6&lang=4&action=view&id=3021 |title=Decision of the Commission to Preserve National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1 April 2008 |access-date=15 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211226/http://kons.gov.ba/main.php?id_struct=6&lang=4&action=view&id=3021 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}

He is known as "Firuz Bey" ({{langx|bs|Firuz-beg}}) and "Feriz Bey" ({{langx|bs|Feriz-beg}}). In Bosnian he is also called Firuz Mihajlović.{{sfn|Alić|Ćeman|1998|p=185}}{{sfn|Sarajevu|2007|p=198}}

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{{s-start}}

{{succession box|title=Sanjak-bey of the Sanjak of Bosnia|before=Yahja Pasha|after=Skender Pasha|years=1495–1496}}

{{succession box|title=Sanjak-bey of the Sanjak of Scutari|before=unknown|after=unknown|years=1496—1502}}

{{succession box|title=Sanjak-bey of the Sanjak of Bosnia|before=Skender Pasha|after=Hadım Sinan Pasha|years=1504–1512}}

{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Beg, Feriz}}

Category:15th-century births

Category:16th-century Ottoman military personnel

Category:15th-century Ottoman military personnel

Category:History of Skopje

Category:Ottoman governors of Bosnia

Category:Ottoman governors of Scutari

Category:Year of death unknown

Category:15th-century governors

Category:16th-century governors

Category:Ottoman–Venetian War (1499–1503)