Flag of Hesse

{{Short description|Civil flag of Hesse}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}

{{Infobox flag

| Name = Hesse

| Article =

| Nickname = "Landesflagge"

| Image = Flag of Hesse.svg

| Use = 100000

| Symbol = {{FIAV|normal}}

| Proportion = 3:5 (or 1:2)

| Adoption = Approved 4 August, 1948

| Design = A bicolour of red over white

| Nickname2 = Landesdienstflagge des Landes Hessen

| Image2 = Flag of Hesse (state).svg

| Use2 = 010000

| Symbol2 = {{FIAV|normal}}

| Proportion2 = 3:5 (or 1:2)

| Adoption2 = Approved 4 August, 1948

| Design2 = The civil flag with the addition of the coat of arms

}}

The civil flag of Hesse, Germany, consists of a bicolour of a red top and a bottom white stripe, in the proportion 3:5. The state flag is similar, except it is emblazoned with the state coat of arms in the centre, and may only be used by government departments and services.

The colours red and white are based on that of the Ludovingian coat of arms, showing a lion with a ninefold horizontal white and red division. The coat of arms was inherited by the House of Hesse upon its split from the

Duchy of Thuringia in 1247, and the flag came into use in the early modern Landgraviate of Hesse; the modern Grand Duchy of Hesse used a flag with two red stripes, as did the People's State of Hesse until 1933.

The flag of Thuringia was introduced in 1920, with its formation out of the fragmented Thuringian states (the Duchy of Thuringia had been absorbed into Saxony in 1400), as the reverse of the flag of Hesse.{{Citation |author=State Chancellery |url=http://www.hessenrecht.hessen.de/gesetze/17_Orden/17-1-HoheitszeichenG/HoheitszeichenG.htm |title=Gesetz über die Hoheitszeichen des Landes Hessenn|year= 1948 |accessdate=2008-11-25 |language=de}}

The civil flag of Hesse resembles that of Monaco and, particularly, Indonesia.

It also resembles one of the flags of Alsace.

The Hessian ministry of the interior designated several official flag days. On these days, the flag of Hesse (alongside the flags of the European Union and Germany) must be flown on all official buildings.{{Cite web|title=Beflaggungstermine in Hessen {{!}} Hessisches Ministerium des Innern und für Sport|url=https://innen.hessen.de/buerger-staat/hessisches-landeswappen/beflaggungstermine-hessen|access-date=2021-04-22|website=innen.hessen.de|archive-date=17 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917231045/https://innen.hessen.de/buerger-staat/hessisches-landeswappen/beflaggungstermine-hessen|url-status=dead}} These days include:

class="wikitable" |+ !Date !Name !Reason

27 January |Commemoration Day for the Victims of National Socialism |Anniversary of the Liberation of Auschwitz concentration camp (1945)

1 May |Labour Day |Established for German labour unions to demonstrate for the promotion of workers' rights

9 May |Europe Day |Anniversary of the Schuman Declaration (1950)

23 May |Constitution Day |Anniversary of the German Basic Law (1949)

17 June |Anniversary of 17 June 1953 |Anniversary of the uprising of 1953 in the GDR

20 July |Anniversary of 20 June 1944 |Anniversary of the failed assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler by Claus von Stauffenberg (1944)

Second Sunday in September |Hessian Memorial Day for Victims of Deportation |To honour all persons living in Hesse who suffered from deportation

3 October |Day of German Unity |Anniversary of German reunification (1990)

The second Sunday before Advent |People's Mourning Day |In memory of all killed during wartime

1 December |Hessian Constitution Day |Anniversary of the Hessian Constitution (1946)

On the Commemoration Day for the Victims of National Socialism and on People's Mourning Day, flags are flown at half-mast. Additionally, flags must be flown on days to the election to the European Parliament, the Bundestag, the Hessian Landtag and municipal elections.