Flag of Sudan

According to World Flags 101:

{{blockquote|text=Red, white, black and green are called the pan-Arab colours and have been historically linked to the Arab people and Islamic religion for centuries. The colours stand for Arab unity and independence. The red stripe represents Sudan's struggle for independence and many other struggles, and the sacrifices of the country's martyrs. The white represents the people, light and optimism. It also represents the White Flag League which was a nationalist group that rose up against colonial rule in 1924. The black represents Sudan; in Arabic, 'Sudan,' means 'land of the black people.' It also represents the black flag of nationalists who fought colonial rule during the Mahdist Revolution, late in 19th century. Green represents Islam, agriculture and the prosperity of the land.{{cite web |url=http://www.worldflags101.com/s/sudan-flag.aspx |title=Sudan Flag |access-date=9 August 2008 |work=World Flags 101 |publisher=Moxy Media |archive-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015211950/http://www.worldflags101.com/s/sudan-flag.aspx |url-status=dead }}}}

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|File:Flag of Sudan (construction sheet).svg|Flag construction sheet

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{{Unreferenced section|date=June 2024}}

The specified colours are as follows:

File:Presidential Standard of Sudan.svg|Flag of the President of the Sudan

File:Naval Ensign of Sudan.svg|Naval ensign

File:Air Force Ensign of Sudan.svg|Air Force ensign

In 1881, at the beginning of the Mahdist War, self-proclaimed Mahdi, Muhammad Ahmad appointed Abdallahi ibn Muhammad as one of his four caliphs and handed him a black flag.{{cite book |last=Hill |first=Richard Leslie |title=A Biographical Dictionary of the Sudan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QS_GYMeSzRMC&pg=PA6 |edition=2nd |orig-year=First published 1951 |year=1967 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-7146-1037-5 |page=6}} Abdallahi used his black flag to recruit Baggara Arabs and other tribes from the west. The other caliphs used different coloured flags.{{cite book |last=Featherstone |first=Donald F. |author-link=Donald Featherstone (wargamer) |title=Khartoum 1885: General Gordon's Last Stand |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NPxN5dNSrvEC&pg=PA18 |series=Osprey military campaign series, v. 23 |year=1993 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-1-85532-301-8 |page=18}} The black horizontal stripe in the current Sudanese flag is a reference to this Mahdist-era black flag.{{cite book |last=Fadlalla |first=Mohamed Hassan |title=The Problem of Dar Fur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oN5LbDnKCt4C&pg=PA33 |year=2005 |publisher=iUniverse |isbn=978-0-595-36502-9 |page=33}}

File:Flag of the Mahdi movement in Sudan.svg|Flag used during the Mahdist Revolt and in Mahdist Sudan (1881–1899)

File:Banner, declaration of faith and allegiance to Allah. Sudanese Mahdist Army, Omdurman, 1889. The Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum. Given by Miss Victoria MacBean.jpg|Banner used by the Mahdist Army; captured at Omdurman in 1898.

File:Black flag.svg|The black standard was also used in Mahdist Sudan

Between 1899 and 1956, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan was administered jointly as a condominium by Egypt and the United Kingdom. The condominium did not have its own flag; instead the flag of Egypt and the flag of the United Kingdom were always flown together, with the British flag taking precedence.{{cite web|url=http://flagspot.net/flags/sd-hist.html#cond |title=Sudan - Historical flags |publisher=Flagspot.net |access-date=26 June 2018}}

A flag did exist as a rank flag for the British Governor General of the Sudan. In common with the rank flags of governors and commissioners of other British overseas territories, it consisted of a Union Flag defaced with a white disk bearing the territory's badge or coat of arms, surrounded by a wreath of laurel. As no badge or coat of arms existed for Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, the disk instead contained the words "GOVERNOR GENERAL OF THE SUDAN".

At the Afro–Asian Conference held between 18 and 24 April 1955, Sudan was represented by a white flag bearing the name "SUDAN" in red capital letters.{{cite web|url=https://magz.tempo.co/read/29935/days-of-struggle|title=Days of Struggle|date=21 April 2015|website=tempo}}{{Cite web |last=Shimazu |first=Naoko |date=October 2011 |title='Diplomacy as Theatre': Recasting the Bandung Conference of 1955 as Cultural History |url=https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/4914/2/4914.pdf |website=Birkbeck Institutional Research Online}}{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/SudaneseCulture/status/1013461063134793731|title=Sudan's first flag, during the 1st conference of the Non-Alignment Movement in Bandung in 1955, Indonesia #SudaneseCulture #ثقافة_سودانيةpic.twitter.com/idxrMoTwnD|first=ثقافة|last=سودانية|date=1 July 2018}}

File:Flag of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (1914–1922).png|Flags used in Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (1914–1922)

File:Flag of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.svg|Flags used in Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (1922–1956)

File:Flag of the Governor-General of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.svg|Flag of the British Governor General

File:Flag of the Sudan Defense Force (1925-1956).svg|Flag of the Sudan Defence Force (1925–1956)

File:Flag of Sudan (Bandung Conference).svg|Flag used to represent Sudan at the Afro-Asian Conference (April 1955){{Cite web|url=https://historia.id/politik/articles/sudan-belum-merdeka-benderanya-sudah-berkibar-di-kaa-vqrZJ|title=Sudan Belum Merdeka, Benderanya Sudah Berkibar di KAA|last=Isnaeni|first=Hendri F.|website=Historia - Majalah Sejarah Populer Pertama di Indonesia|date=20 April 2015|language=id-ID|access-date=20 April 2020}}

{{Infobox flag

| Name = Republic of Sudan

| Article =

| Image = Flag of Sudan (1956–1970).svg

| Alt =

| Noborder =

| Nickname =

| Morenicks =

| Use = 111110

| Symbol =

| Proportion = 1:2

| Adoption = 1956

| Relinquished = 1970; {{Age in years, months, weeks and days|year1=1956|year2=1970}} of use

| Design = A horizontal tricolour of blue, yellow and green.

| Designer = Macki Sufi

}}

File:Sudan independence 2.png and opposition leader Muhammad Ahmad Mahgoub on 1 January 1956]]

Upon the independence of Sudan from Anglo-Egyptian rule on 1 January 1956, Sudan adopted a blue-yellow-green tricolour as its national flag. This flag was designed by the poet Macki Sufi{{cite web|url=https://arabi21.com/story/1147878/علم-غير-مألوف-يرفعه-السودانيون-في-التظاهرات-ما-قصته|title=علم غير مألوف يرفعه السودانيون في التظاهرات.. ما قصته؟|date=28 December 2018|website=عربي21}} and remained in use until 1970, when the current flag was adopted.{{cite web|url=http://flagspot.net/flags/sd-hist.html |title=Sudan - Historical flags |publisher=Flagspot.net |access-date=26 June 2018}} The colours of the flag represented the River Nile (blue), the Sahara (yellow) and farmlands (green). They were chosen as they were neutral between ethnic groups and political parties.{{cite web|url=http://www.rbvex.it/africapag/sudanrb.html|title=sudan rb|website=www.rbvex.it|access-date=13 June 2019}}https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2hSCAmSWac

Use of this flag resurfaced during the 2018–19 Sudanese protests.{{cite web|url=http://500wordsmag.com/sudan-news/why-is-the-first-and-former-flag-of-sudan-resurfacing-on-social-media/|title=Why is the First and Former Flag of Sudan Resurfacing on Social Media?|date=27 December 2018|website=500 Words Magazine|access-date=13 June 2019}}{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-48126363|title=The art fuelling Sudan's revolution|first=Mohanad|last=Hashim|work=BBC News|date=5 May 2019|access-date=13 June 2019}}{{cite web|url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/flying-the-flag-for-sudan|title=Flying the flag for Sudan – what flag is that?|website=Radio Dabanga|date=19 April 2019 |access-date=13 June 2019}}{{cite web|url=https://en.prothomalo.com/international/news/194745/Breakthrough-agreement-between-Sudan-protest|title=Breakthrough agreement between Sudan protest leaders, military|website=Prothom Alo|date=28 April 2019 |access-date=13 June 2019}}{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/05/africa/sudan-celebrates-intl/index.html|title=Sudan celebrates end of stand-off between military leaders and opposition|author=Amir Ahmed, Mohammed Tawfeeq and Tamara Qiblawi|website=CNN|access-date=1 August 2019}}

File:Naval Ensign of Sudan (1956-1970).svg|Naval ensign (1956–1970)

File:Ensign of the Sudanese Customs Service (1956-1970).svg|Customs ensign (1956–1970)

Following a coup d'état in May 1969, the country was renamed the Democratic Republic of the Sudan and a competition was held to design a new flag. The winning entry was designed by artist Abdel Rahman Ahmed Al-Jali based on pan-Arab colours and was adopted as the national flag in May 1970.

File:Flag of Sudan (1956–1970).svg|Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan (1969–1970)

File:Flag of Sudan.svg|Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan (1970–1985)

File:Standard of the President of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan (variant).svg|Standard of the president of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan.

File:Flag of North Kurdufan.svg|Kordofan

The sub-national flags usually consist of the state's emblem displayed on a white or coloured background.{{cite web | url=https://www.fotw.info/flags/sd-.html | title=Sudanese Provincial and State flags }} Some of the states of Sudan have adopted their own distinctive flags.

Flag of Blue Nile State.png|Blue Nile State

Flag of Central Darfur State.png|Central Darfur{{cite web | url=https://rsf.gov.sd/en/news/2067/Central-Darfur-governor-lauds-Transitional-Sovereignty-Council-VP-s-efforts-to-maintain-peace-and-stability | title=Central Darfur governor lauds Transitional Sovereignty Council VP's efforts to maintain peace and stability }}

Flag of North Darfur State.png|North Darfur{{cite web | url=https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/darfur-govs-discuss-security-and-peace | title=Darfur Govs discuss security and peace | date=16 October 2020 }}

Flag of South Darfur State.png|South Darfur{{cite web | url=https://www.darfur24.com/en/2022/03/24/south-darfur-governor-receives-results-of-the-investigation-committee/ | title=South Darfur governor receives results of the investigation committee | date=24 March 2022 }}

Flag of West Darfur State.png|West Darfur{{cite web | url=https://unamid.unmissions.org/photo-day-16-january-2020 | title=Photo of the Day- 16 January 2020 | date=16 January 2020 }}

File:Flag of Kassala Wilayyah.svg|Kassala State{{cite web | url=https://www.tesfanews.net/sudan-kassala-state-governor-affirm-strength-sudan-eritrea-relations/ | title=Sudan: Governor of Kassala State Affirms Strength of Sudanese Eritrean Relations | date=30 May 2019 }}

Flag of Khartoum Wilayah.png|Khartoum State

Seal of River Nile State.png|River Nile State

Flag of Al Qadarif State.png|Al Qadarif State[https://www.fotw.info/images/s/sd-gadar.jpg Image]fotw.info {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811130339/https://www.fotw.info/images/s/sd-gadar.jpg |date=11 August 2022 }}

Flag of the Abyei Area.png|Abyei Area{{cite web | url=https://www.fotw.info/flags/sd-abyei.html | title=Abyei Special Administrative Area }}

{{Portal|Africa}}

• List of Sudanese flags
• Emblem of Sudan
• Flag of South Sudan
• Flag of Egypt
• Flag of Syria
• Flag of Iraq
• Flag of Yemen

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Category:Flags introduced in 1970

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