Ford Fiesta Rally3
{{Short description|Ford Rally3 rally car}}
{{Infobox racing car
| Car_name = Ford Fiesta Rally3
| Image = Rally Poland 2021 Igor Widłak.jpg
| Caption = A Fiesta Rally3 at the 2021 Rally Poland
| Category = Group Rally3
| Constructor = M-Sport
| Technical ref = {{cite news|url=https://d1d5ae37-f9f7-471a-94be-cbd6d805a704.filesusr.com/ugd/89553f_dde3c8fe3dc9483e8366da8157d74c3f.pdf|title=Ford Fiesta Rally3 Technical specifications|work=M-Sport|access-date=10 July 2021}}
| Length = 4065 mm
| Width = 1735 mm
| Wheelbase = 2490 mm
| Engine name = Ecoboost
| Capacity = {{convert|1497|cc|L cuin}}
| Configuration = Inline 3 12-valve
| Turbo/NA = turbocharged
| Gearbox name = Sadev
| Gears = 5-speed
| Type = sequential
| Differential = 4-wheel drive
| Weight = {{convert|1210|kg|lb|1|abbr=on}}
| Debut = 2021
| power = {{convert|215|bhp|PS kW}}
{{convert|400|N.m}}
}}
The Ford Fiesta Rally3 is a rally car developed and built by M-Sport to FIA Group Rally3 regulations for use at tier 3 of the FIA Rally Pyramid.{{cite news|url=https://www.wrc.com/en/news/season-2020/wrc-3/m-sport-unveils-new-fiesta-rally-car/|title=M-Sport unveils new Fiesta rally car|work=wrc.com|publisher=WRC Promoter GmbH|date=13 November 2020|access-date=10 July 2021}} It is based upon the Ford Fiesta road car and debuted in 2021.{{cite news|first=David|last=Evans|url=https://dirtfish.com/rally/fiesta-rally3-debut-a-mission-accomplished/|title=Fiesta Rally3 debut a "mission accomplished"|work=dirtfish.com|date=8 March 2021|access-date=31 July 2021}}{{Cite web |last=arudd5 |date=2020-11-13 |title=INTRODUCING THE ALL-NEW FIESTA RALLY3 |url=https://www.m-sport.co.uk/single-post/all-new-fiesta-rally3 |access-date=2024-12-28 |website=M-Sport |language=en}}
Competition history
The car was debuted by Estonian driver Ken Torn at SM O.K. Auto-Ralli in Finland, finishing eleventh overall.{{cite news|url=https://www.wrc.com/en/news/2021/wrc3/fiesta-rally3-debut-unlocks-door-to-the-future/|title=Fiesta Rally3 debut unlocks door to the future|work=wrc.com|publisher=WRC Promoter GmbH|date=8 March 2021|access-date=31 July 2021}} The car made its WRC debut at the 2021 Croatia Rally with Zoltan Laszlo behind the wheel.{{cite news|url=https://www.wrc.com/en/news/2021/wrc3/fiesta-rally3-set-for-croatia-wrc-debut/|title=Fiesta Rally3 set for Croatia WRC debut|work=wrc.com|publisher=WRC Promoter GmbH|date=29 March 2021|access-date=10 July 2021}}
The Fiesta Rally3 made its WRC return during 2021 Rally Estonia, driven by Extreme E regular Molly Taylor with Sebastian Marshall co-driving. The crew crashed out on SS5.{{cite news|first=David|last=Evans|url=https://dirtfish.com/rally/wrc/molly-taylor-to-return-to-the-wrc-in-a-rally3-car/|title=Molly Taylor to return to the WRC in A Rally3 car|website=dirtfish.com|date=18 June 2021|access-date=31 July 2021}}
Since 2022, the car is used as the selected vehicle for the Junior WRC Championship. It was the only car in the Rally3 class until 2023 when the Renault Clio Rally3 was homologated by the FIA.{{cite news|first=Alasdair|last=Lindsay|url=https://dirtfish.com/rally/renault-reveals-rally3-launch-timeline/|title=Renault reveals Rally3 launch timeline|website=dirtfish.com|date=9 February 2021|access-date=20 November 2022}}
Rally victories
=WRC3=
| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;"
! Year ! No. ! Event ! Surface ! Driver ! Co-driver |
| rowspan="11"| 2022
| align="center"| 1 | {{flagicon|MON}} 2022 Monte Carlo Rally | align="center"| Mixed | {{Flagicon|FIN}} Sami Pajari | {{Flagicon|FIN}} Enni Mälkönen |
| align="center"| 2
| {{flagicon|SWE}} 2022 Rally Sweden | align="center"| Snow | {{Flagicon|FIN}} Lauri Joona | {{Flagicon|FIN}} Mikael Korhonen |
| align="center"| 3
| {{flagicon|CRO}} 2022 Croatia Rally | align="center"| Tarmac | {{Flagicon|HUN}} Zoltán László | {{Flagicon|HUN}} Tamás Kürti |
| align="center"| 4
| {{flagicon|PRT}} 2022 Rally de Portugal | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|FIN}} Sami Pajari | {{Flagicon|FIN}} Enni Mälkönen |
| align="center"| 5
| {{flagicon|ITA}} 2022 Rally Italia Sardegna | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|CZE}} Jan Černý | {{Flagicon|CZE}} Tomáš Střeska |
| align="center"| 6
| {{flagicon|KEN}} 2022 Safari Rally | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|KEN}} Maxine Wahome | {{Flagicon|KEN}} Murage Waigwa |
| align="center"| 7
| {{flagicon|EST}} 2022 Rally Estonia | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|FIN}} Sami Pajari | {{Flagicon|FIN}} Enni Mälkönen |
| align="center"| 8
| {{flagicon|FIN}} 2022 Rally Finland | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|FIN}} Lauri Joona | {{Flagicon|FIN}} Tuukka Shemeikka |
| align="center"| 9
| {{flagicon|BEL}} 2022 Ypres Rally | align="center"| Tarmac | {{Flagicon|CZE}} Jan Černý | {{Flagicon|GBR}} Tom Woodburn |
| align="center"| 10
| {{flagicon|GRC}} 2022 Acropolis Rally | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|PRY}} Diego Domínguez Jr. | {{Flagicon|ESP}} Rogelio Peñate |
| align="center"| 11
| {{flagicon|ESP}} 2022 Rally Catalunya | align="center"| Tarmac | {{Flagicon|FIN}} Lauri Joona | {{Flagicon|FIN}} Mikael Korhonen |
| rowspan="12"| 2023
| align="center"| 12 | {{flagicon|SWE}} 2023 Rally Sweden | align="center"| Snow | {{Flagicon|FIN}} Roope Korhonen | {{Flagicon|FIN}} Anssi Viinikka |
| align="center"| 13
| {{flagicon|MEX}} 2023 Rally Mexico | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|PRY}} Diego Domínguez Jr. | {{Flagicon|ESP}} Rogelio Peñate |
| align="center"| 14
| {{flagicon|CRO}} 2023 Croatia Rally | align="center"| Tarmac | {{Flagicon|IRL}} Eamonn Kelly | {{Flagicon|IRL}} Conor Mohan |
| align="center"| 15
| {{flagicon|PRT}} 2023 Rally de Portugal | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|FIN}} Roope Korhonen | {{Flagicon|FIN}} Anssi Viinikka |
| align="center"| 16
| {{flagicon|ITA}} 2023 Rally Italia Sardegna | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|FIN}} Roope Korhonen | {{Flagicon|FIN}} Anssi Viinikka |
| align="center"| 17
| {{flagicon|KEN}} 2023 Safari Rally | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|PRY}} Diego Domínguez Jr. | {{Flagicon|ESP}} Rogelio Peñate |
| align="center"| 18
| {{flagicon|EST}} 2023 Rally Estonia | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|FIN}} Roope Korhonen | {{Flagicon|FIN}} Anssi Viinikka |
| align="center"| 19
| {{flagicon|FIN}} 2023 Rally Finland | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|FIN}} Benjamin Korhola | {{Flagicon|FIN}} Pekka Kelander |
| align="center"| 20
| {{flagicon|GRC}} 2023 Acropolis Rally | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|PRY}} Diego Domínguez Jr. | {{Flagicon|ESP}} Rogelio Peñate |
| align="center"| 21
| {{flagicon|CHI}} 2023 Rally Chile | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|PER}} Eduardo Castro | {{Flagicon|ARG}} Fernando Mussano |
| align="center"| 22
| {{flagicon|EUR}} 2023 Central European Rally | align="center"| Tarmac | {{Flagicon|CZE}} Filip Kohn | {{Flagicon|GBR}} Tom Woodburn |
| align="center"| 23
| {{flagicon|JPN}} 2023 Rally Japan | align="center"| Tarmac | {{Flagicon|CAN}} Jason Bailey | {{Flagicon|CAN}} Shayne Peterson |
| rowspan="10"| 2024
| align="center"| 24 | {{flagicon|MON}} 2024 Monte Carlo Rally | align="center"| Mixed | {{Flagicon|CZE}} Jan Černý | {{Flagicon|CZE}} Ondřej Krajča |
| align="center"| 25
| {{flagicon|SWE}} 2024 Rally Sweden | align="center"| Snow | {{Flagicon|SWE}} Mille Johansson | {{Flagicon|SWE}} Johan Grönvall |
| align="center"| 26
| {{flagicon|KEN}} 2024 Safari Rally | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|KEN}} Hamza Anwar | {{Flagicon|KEN}} Adnan Din |
| align="center"| 27
| {{flagicon|CRO}} 2024 Croatia Rally | align="center"| Tarmac | {{Flagicon|EST}} Romet Jürgenson | {{Flagicon|EST}} Siim Oja |
| align="center"| 28
| {{flagicon|PRT}} 2024 Rally de Portugal | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|PRY}} Diego Domínguez Jr. | {{Flagicon|ESP}} Rogelio Peñate |
| align="center"| 29
| {{flagicon|ITA}} 2024 Rally Italia Sardegna | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|PRY}} Diego Domínguez Jr. | {{Flagicon|ESP}} Rogelio Peñate |
| align="center"| 30
| {{flagicon|POL}} 2024 Rally Poland | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|PRY}} Diego Domínguez Jr. | {{Flagicon|ESP}} Rogelio Peñate |
| align="center"| 31
| {{flagicon|FIN}} 2024 Rally Finland | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|FIN}} Jesse Kallio | {{Flagicon|FIN}} Ville Pynnönen |
| align="center"| 32
| {{flagicon|GRC}} 2024 Acropolis Rally | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|ROU}} Norbert Maior | {{Flagicon|ROU}} Francesca Maior |
| align="center"| 33
| {{flagicon|CHI}} 2024 Rally Chile | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|PRY}} Diego Domínguez Jr. | {{Flagicon|ESP}} Rogelio Peñate |
| rowspan="2"| 2025
|align="center"| 34 | {{flagicon|SWE}} 2025 Rally Sweden |align="center"| Snow | {{Flagicon|AUS}} Taylor Gill | {{Flagicon|AUS}} Daniel Brkic |
| align="center"| 35
| {{flagicon|KEN}} 2025 Safari Rally |align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|KEN}} Nikhil Sachania | {{Flagicon|KEN}} Deep Patel |
| colspan="6" style="background-color:#EAECF0; text-align:center;"| Sources:{{cite web|url=https://www.ewrc-results.com/season/2022/1972-wrc3-open/|title=WRC3 Open 2022|work=eWRC-results.com|access-date=16 October 2024}}{{cite web|url=https://www.ewrc-results.com/season/2023/2093-wrc3/|title=WRC3 2023|work=eWRC-results.com|access-date=16 October 2024}}{{cite web|url=https://www.ewrc-results.com/season/2024/2093-wrc3/|title=WRC3 2024|work=eWRC-results.com|access-date=16 October 2024}}{{cite web|url=https://www.ewrc-results.com/season/2025/2093-wrc3/|title=WRC3 2025|work=eWRC-results.com|access-date=28 March 2025}} |
=Junior WRC=
| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%; "
! Year ! No. ! Event ! Surface ! Driver ! Co-driver |
| align="center" rowspan="5"| 2022{{efn|In 2022, instead of being its own separate championship, the Junior category of the WRC was a class of WRC3.}}
| align="center"| 1 | {{flagicon|SWE}} 2022 Rally Sweden | align="center"| Snow | {{Flagicon|GBR}} Jon Armstrong | {{Flagicon|IRL}} Brian Hoy |
| align="center"| 2
| {{flagicon|CRO}} 2022 Croatia Rally | align="center"| Tarmac | {{Flagicon|FIN}} Lauri Joona | {{Flagicon|FIN}} Mikael Korhonen |
| align="center"| 3
| {{flagicon|PRT}} 2022 Rally de Portugal | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|FIN}} Sami Pajari | {{Flagicon|FIN}} Enni Mälkönen |
| align="center"| 4
| {{flagicon|EST}} 2022 Rally Estonia | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|FIN}} Sami Pajari | {{Flagicon|FIN}} Enni Mälkönen |
| align="center"| 5
| {{flagicon|GRC}} 2022 Acropolis Rally | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|EST}} Robert Virves | {{Flagicon|SWE}} Julia Thulin |
| align="center" rowspan="5"| 2023
| align="center"| 6 | {{flagicon|SWE}} 2023 Rally Sweden | align="center"| Snow | {{Flagicon|IRL}} William Creighton | {{Flagicon|IRL}} Liam Regan |
| align="center"| 7
| {{flagicon|CRO}} 2023 Croatia Rally | align="center"| Tarmac | {{Flagicon|IRL}} Eamonn Kelly | {{Flagicon|IRL}} Conor Mohan |
| align="center"| 8
| {{flagicon|ITA}} 2023 Rally Italia Sardegna | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|IRL}} William Creighton | {{Flagicon|IRL}} Liam Regan |
| align="center"| 9
| {{flagicon|EST}} 2023 Rally Estonia | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|LUX}} Grégoire Munster | {{Flagicon|BEL}} Louis Louka |
| align="center"| 10
| {{flagicon|GRC}} 2023 Acropolis Rally | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|PRY}} Diego Domínguez Jr. | {{Flagicon|ESP}} Rogelio Peñate |
| align="center" rowspan="5"| 2024
| align="center"| 11 | {{flagicon|SWE}} 2024 Rally Sweden | align="center"| Snow | {{Flagicon|SWE}} Mille Johansson | {{Flagicon|SWE}} Johan Grönvall |
| align="center"| 12
| {{flagicon|CRO}} 2024 Croatia Rally | align="center"| Tarmac | {{Flagicon|EST}} Romet Jürgenson | {{Flagicon|EST}} Siim Oja |
| align="center"| 13
| {{flagicon|ITA}} 2024 Rally Italia Sardegna | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|PRY}} Diego Domínguez Jr. | {{Flagicon|ESP}} Rogelio Peñate |
| align="center"| 14
| {{flagicon|FIN}} 2024 Rally Finland | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|AUS}} Taylor Gill | {{Flagicon|AUS}} Daniel Brkic |
| align="center"| 15
| {{flagicon|GRC}} 2024 Acropolis Rally | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|ROU}} Norbert Maior | {{Flagicon|ROU}} Francesca Maior |
| align="center"| 2024
| align="center"| 16 | {{flagicon|SWE}} 2025 Rally Sweden | align="center"| Snow | {{Flagicon|AUS}} Taylor Gill | {{Flagicon|AUS}} Daniel Brkic |
| colspan="6" style="background-color:#EAECF0;text-align:center"|Sources:{{cite web|url=https://www.ewrc-results.com/season/2022/1968-wrc3-junior/|title=WRC3 Junior 2022|work=eWRC-results.com|access-date=19 October 2024}}{{cite web|url=https://www.ewrc-results.com/season/2023/10-jwrc/|title=JWRC 2023|work=eWRC-results.com|access-date=19 October 2024}}{{cite web|url=https://www.ewrc-results.com/season/2024/10-jwrc/|title=JWRC 2024|work=eWRC-results.com|access-date=19 October 2024}}{{cite web|url=https://www.ewrc-results.com/season/2025/10-junior-wrc/|title=JWRC 2025|work=eWRC-results.com|access-date=28 March 2025}} |
=ERC Junior=
| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%; "
! Year ! No. ! Event ! Surface ! Driver ! Co-driver |
| align="center" rowspan="5"| 2021
| align="center"| 1 | {{flagicon|POL}} 2021 Rally Poland | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|GBR}} Jon Armstrong | {{Flagicon|GBR}} Phil Hall |
| align="center"| 2
| {{flagicon|LAT}} 2021 Rally Liepāja | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|EST}} Ken Torn | {{Flagicon|EST}} Kauri Pannas |
| align="center"| 3
| {{flagicon|ITA}} 2021 Rally di Roma Capitale | align="center"| Tarmac | {{Flagicon|EST}} Ken Torn | {{Flagicon|EST}} Timo Taniel |
| align="center"| 4
| {{flagicon|CZE}} 2021 Barum Czech Rally Zlín | align="center"| Tarmac | {{Flagicon|EST}} Ken Torn | {{Flagicon|EST}} Kauri Pannas |
| align="center"| 5
| {{flagicon|ESP}} 2021 Rally Islas Canarias | align="center"| Tarmac | {{Flagicon|EST}} Ken Torn | {{Flagicon|EST}} Kauri Pannas |
| colspan="6" style="background-color:#EAECF0;text-align:center"|Sources:{{cite web|url=https://www.ewrc-results.com/season/2021/425-erc-junior/|title=ERC Junior 2021|work=eWRC-results.com|access-date=19 October 2024}} |
=ERC3=
| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%; "
! Year ! No. ! Event ! Surface ! Driver ! Co-driver |
| align="center" rowspan="7"| 2022
| align="center"| 1 | {{flagicon|PRT}} 2022 Rally Serras de Fafe e Felgueiras | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|EST}} Kaspar Kasari | {{Flagicon|EST}} Rainis Raidma |
| align="center"| 2
| {{flagicon|PRT}} 2022 Azores Rallye | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|GBR}} Jon Armstrong | {{Flagicon|IRL}} Brian Hoy |
| align="center"| 3
| {{flagicon|ITA}} 2022 Rally Islas Canarias | align="center"| Tarmac | {{Flagicon|POL}} Igor Widłak | {{Flagicon|POL}} Daniel Dymurski |
| align="center"| 4
| {{flagicon|POL}} 2022 Rally Poland | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|EST}} Robert Virves | {{Flagicon|SWE}} Julia Thulin |
| align="center"| 5
| {{flagicon|LAT}} 2022 Rally Liepāja | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|EST}} Kaspar Kasari | {{Flagicon|EST}} Rainis Raidma |
| align="center"| 6
| {{flagicon|ITA}} 2022 Rally di Roma Capitale | align="center"| Tarmac | {{Flagicon|EST}} Robert Virves | {{Flagicon|PRT}} Hugo Magalhães |
| align="center"| 7
| {{flagicon|CZE}} 2022 Barum Czech Rally Zlín | align="center"| Tarmac | {{Flagicon|POL}} Igor Widłak | {{Flagicon|POL}} Daniel Dymurski |
| align="center" rowspan="7"| 2023
| align="center"| 8 | {{flagicon|PRT}} 2023 Rally Serras de Fafe e Felgueiras | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|GBR}} Jon Armstrong | {{Flagicon|IRL}} Andrew Browne |
| align="center"| 9
| {{flagicon|ESP}} 2023 Rally Islas Canarias | align="center"| Tarmac | {{Flagicon|GBR}} Jon Armstrong | {{Flagicon|GBR}} Cameron Fair |
| align="center"| 10
| {{flagicon|POL}} 2023 Rally Poland | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|GBR}} Jon Armstrong | {{Flagicon|GBR}} Cameron Fair |
| align="center"| 11
| {{flagicon|LAT}} 2023 Rally Liepāja | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|GBR}} Jon Armstrong | {{Flagicon|GBR}} Cameron Fair |
| align="center"| 12
| {{flagicon|SWE}} 2023 Royal Rally of Scandinavia | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|IRL}} William Creighton | {{Flagicon|IRL}} Liam Regan |
| align="center"| 13
| {{flagicon|ITA}} 2023 Rally di Roma Capitale | align="center"| Tarmac | {{Flagicon|GBR}} Jon Armstrong | {{Flagicon|GBR}} Cameron Fair |
| align="center"| 14
| {{flagicon|CZE}} 2023 Barum Czech Rally Zlín | align="center"| Tarmac | {{Flagicon|POL}} Igor Widłak | {{Flagicon|POL}} Mateusz Pawłowski |
| align="center" rowspan="8"| 2024
| align="center"| 15 | {{flagicon|HUN}} 2024 Rally Hungary | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|CZE}} Filip Kohn | {{Flagicon|GBR}} Tom Woodburn |
| align="center"| 16
| {{flagicon|ESP}} 2024 Rally Islas Canarias | align="center"| Tarmac | {{Flagicon|POL}} Igor Widłak | {{Flagicon|POL}} Daniel Dymurski |
| align="center"| 17
| {{flagicon|SWE}} 2024 Royal Rally of Scandinavia | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|CZE}} Filip Kohn | {{Flagicon|GBR}} Tom Woodburn |
| align="center"| 18
| {{flagicon|EST}} 2024 Rally Estonia | align="center"| Gravel | {{Flagicon|EST}} Romet Jürgenson | {{Flagicon|EST}} Siim Oja |
| align="center"| 19
| {{flagicon|ITA}} 2024 Rally di Roma Capitale | align="center"| Tarmac | {{Flagicon|CZE}} Filip Kohn | {{Flagicon|GBR}} Tom Woodburn |
| align="center"| 20
| {{flagicon|CZE}} 2024 Barum Czech Rally Zlín | align="center"| Tarmac | {{Flagicon|CZE}} Filip Kohn | {{Flagicon|GBR}} Tom Woodburn |
| align="center"| 21
| {{flagicon|GBR}} 2024 Rali Ceredigion | align="center"| Tarmac | {{Flagicon|POL}} Jakub Matulka | {{Flagicon|POL}} Daniel Dymurski |
| align="center"| 22
| {{flagicon|POL}} 2024 Rally Silesia | align="center"| Tarmac | {{Flagicon|SWE}} Mille Johansson | {{Flagicon|SWE}} Johan Grönvall |
| colspan="6" style="background-color:#EAECF0;text-align:center"|Sources:{{cite web|url=https://www.ewrc-results.com/season/2022/564-erc3/|title=ERC3 2022|work=eWRC-results.com|access-date=19 October 2024}}{{cite web|url=https://www.ewrc-results.com/season/2023/564-erc3/|title=ERC3 2023|work=eWRC-results.com|access-date=19 October 2024}}{{cite web|url=https://www.ewrc-results.com/season/2024/564-erc3/|title=ERC3 2024|work=eWRC-results.com|access-date=19 October 2024}} |
Notes
{{notelist}}
References
{{reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category}}
- {{official website|https://www.m-sport.co.uk/fiesta-rally3}}
- [https://www.ewrc-results.com/cars/152-ford-fiesta-rally3/ Ford Fiesta Rally3] at eWRC-results.com
{{Ford RS series}}
{{Rally Pyramid cars}}
Category:All-wheel-drive vehicles