Foreign relations of Monaco
{{Short description|none}}
{{Politics of Monaco}}
The Principality of Monaco is a sovereign and independent state, linked closely to France by the Treaty of July 1918, which was formally noted in Article 436 of the Treaty of Versailles of 1919. The foreign policy of Monaco is one illustration of this accord: France has agreed to defend the independence and sovereignty of Monaco, while the Monegasque Government has agreed to exercise its sovereign rights in conformity with French interests, whilst at the same time maintaining complete independence. Since then, the relations between the sovereign states of France and Monaco have been further defined in the Treaty of 1945 and the Agreement of 1963.
Although not a member of the European Union (EU), Monaco is closely associated with the economic apparatus of the EU through its customs union with France and its reliance upon the euro as its official currency.
Monaco actively participates in the United Nations, which it joined in 1993. Monaco joined the Council of Europe on October 4, 2004. Monaco also is a member of many international and intergovernmental organizations, including Interpol, the UNESCO, and the World Health Organization (WHO). The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) is headquartered in Monaco.
The foreign relations are managed by the Department of External Relations.
Diplomatic relations
List of countries which Monaco maintains diplomatic relations with:
class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan="3" |File:Diplomatic relations of Monaco.svg | |
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!Country !Date{{cite web|author=Principaute de Monaco|title=Rapport de Politique Extérieure 2007|date=2007|url=https://www.gouv.mc/Action-Gouvernementale/Monaco-a-l-International/Publications/Rapports-de-Politique-Exterieure|work=Département des Relations Extérieures|accessdate=11 October 2020 |page=44 |language=fr}} | |
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1
|{{flag|France}} |{{dts|29 April 1873}} | |
2
|{{flag|Italy}} |{{dts|25 April 1875}} | |
–
|{{flag|Holy See}} |{{dts|21 June 1875}} | |
3
|{{flag|Spain}} |{{dts|2 June 1876}} | |
4
|{{flag|Belgium}} |{{dts|2 October 1931}} | |
5
|{{flag|Luxembourg}} |{{dts|18 December 1947}} | |
6
|{{flag|Germany}} |{{dts|16 October 1951}} | |
7
|{{flag|Switzerland}} |{{dts|27 May 1959}} | |
8
|{{flag|Netherlands}} |{{dts|29 August 1966}} | |
9
|{{flag|China}} |{{dts|16 January 1995}} | |
10
|{{flag|Liechtenstein}} |{{dts|16 February 1996}} | |
11
|{{flag|El Salvador}} | |
12
|{{flag|Colombia}} |{{dts|15 December 2000}} | |
13
|{{flag|Maldives}} |{{dts|19 March 2001}} | |
14
|{{flag|Ecuador}} |{{dts|5 April 2001}} | |
15
|{{flag|Uruguay}} |{{dts|10 April 2001}} | |
16
|{{flag|Thailand}} |{{dts|26 June 2006}} | |
17
|{{flag|Andorra}} |{{dts|7 July 2006}} | |
18
|{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} |{{dts|27 July 2006}} | |
19
|{{flag|Slovenia}} |{{dts|28 November 2006}} | |
20
|{{flag|Israel}} |{{dts|30 November 2006}} | |
21
|{{flag|United States}} |{{dts|7 December 2006}} | |
22
|{{flag|Ireland}} |{{dts|14 December 2006}} | |
23
|{{flag|Japan}} |{{dts|14 December 2006}} | |
24
|{{flag|Philippines}} |{{dts|15 December 2006}} | |
25
|{{flag|Qatar}} |{{dts|26 December 2006}} | |
26
|{{flag|Algeria}} |{{dts|31 January 2007}} | |
27
|{{flag|San Marino}} |{{dts|26 March 2007}} | |
28
|{{flag|Argentina}} |{{dts|29 March 2007}} | |
29
|{{flag|Finland}} |{{dts|29 March 2007}} | |
30
|{{flag|Australia}} |{{dts|3 May 2007}} | |
31
|{{flag|Malaysia}} |{{dts|22 May 2007}}{{Cite web |date=24 January 2011 |title=Deux nouveaux ambassadeurs |url=https://www.podcastjournal.net/ACTUS-DE-MONACO_a7078.html |access-date=18 October 2023}} | |
32
|{{flag|Egypt}} |{{dts|31 May 2007}} | |
33
|{{flag|Russia}} |{{dts|31 May 2007}} | |
34
|{{flag|South Korea}} |{{dts|14 June 2007}} | |
35
|{{flag|Malta}} |{{dts|11 July 2007}} | |
36
|{{flag|Serbia}} |{{dts|12 July 2007}} | |
37
|{{flag|Austria}} | |
38
|{{flag|Ukraine}} |{{dts|26 July 2007}} | |
39
|{{flag|Montenegro}} |{{dts|7 September 2007}} | |
40
|{{flag|India}} |{{dts|21 September 2007}} | |
41
|{{flag|United Kingdom}} |{{dts|21 September 2007}} | |
42
|{{flag|Poland}} |{{dts|27 September 2007}} | |
–
|{{flag|Sovereign Military Order of Malta}} |{{dts|18 October 2007}} | |
43
|{{flag|Guatemala}} |{{dts|2 November 2007}}{{cite web |title=Relaciones Diplomáticas de Guatemala |url=https://www.minex.gob.gt/DirectorioPaisesRelacion.aspx |access-date=24 July 2021 |language=es}} | |
44
|{{flag|Vietnam}} |{{dts|29 November 2007}} | |
45
|{{flag|Croatia}} |{{dts|6 December 2007}} | |
46
|{{flag|Slovakia}} |{{dts|13 December 2007}} | |
47
|{{flag|Cuba}} |{{dts|19 December 2007}} | |
48
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}} |{{dts|19 December 2007}} | |
49
|{{flag|Chile}} |{{dts|23 January 2008}} | |
50
|{{flag|Mongolia}} |{{dts|6 February 2008}} | |
51
|{{flag|Estonia}} |{{dts|7 February 2008}} | |
52
|{{flag|Georgia}} |{{dts|7 February 2008}} | |
53
|{{flag|Dominican Republic}} |{{dts|12 February 2008}} | |
54
|{{flag|Morocco}} |{{dts|12 February 2008}} | |
55
|{{flag|Bulgaria}} |{{dts|14 February 2008}} | |
56
|{{flag|Canada}} |{{dts|13 March 2008}} | |
57
|{{flag|Romania}} |{{dts|19 March 2008}} | |
58
|{{flag|Mexico}} |{{dts|21 March 2008}} | |
59
|{{flag|Jamaica}} | |
60
|{{flag|Seychelles}} |{{dts|15 April 2008}} | |
61
|{{flag|Greece}} |{{dts|15 May 2008}} | |
62
|{{flag|Czech Republic}} |{{dts|4 July 2008}} | |
63
|{{flag|Lesotho}} | |
64
|{{flag|Turkey}} |{{dts|16 September 2008}}{{cite news|title=Türkiye-Monako İlişkileri|language=tr|url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-monako-siyasi-iliskileri.tr.mfa|accessdate=11 October 2020}} | |
65
|{{flag|Armenia}} |{{dts|15 October 2008}}{{cite web|title=Bilateral Relations - Monaco|url=https://www.mfa.am/en/bilateral-relations/mc|website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia|accessdate=11 October 2020}} | |
66
|{{flag|Latvia}} | |
67
|{{flag|Portugal}} |{{dts|13 November 2008}} | |
68
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}} |{{dts|15 January 2009}}{{cite news|title=Kazakhstan and Monaco Strengthen Cooperation|url=https://astanatimes.com/2013/10/kazakhstan-and-monaco-strengthen-cooperation/|accessdate=11 October 2020}} | |
69
|{{flag|Sweden}} | |
70
|{{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} | |
71
|{{flag|Pakistan}} | |
72
|{{flag|Dominica}} |{{dts|27 February 2009}}{{cite news|date=7 April 2009|title=Eric Tomer named Dominica ambassador to Monaco|url=https://thedominican.net/2009/04/eric-tomer-named-dominica-ambassador-to.html|accessdate=14 October 2020}} | |
73
|{{flag|Venezuela}} | |
74
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}} | |
75
|{{Flag|Senegal}} | |
76
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}} | |
77
|{{flag|Timor-Leste}} |{{dts|19 February 2010}}{{cite news|date=31 May 2010|title=REVUE - Actus de Monaco et de la région|language=fr|url=https://lepetitjournal.com/revue-actus-de-monaco-et-de-la-region-184049|accessdate=12 October 2020}} | |
78
|{{flag|Brazil}} | |
79
|{{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}} | |
80
|{{flag|Samoa}} | |
81
|{{flag|Afghanistan|2013}} | |
82
|{{flag|Peru}} | |
83
|{{flag|Norway}} | |
84
|{{flag|Indonesia}} |{{dts|17 December 2010}}{{cite news|date=29 March 2011|title=Actus de Monaco|language=fr|agency=Podcast Journal|url=https://www.podcastjournal.net/ACTUS-DE-MONACO_a7761.html|accessdate=12 October 2020}} | |
85
|{{flag|South Africa}} | |
86
|{{flag|Cyprus}} | |
87
|{{flag|Botswana}} | |
88
|{{flag|Honduras}} | |
89
|{{flag|Panama}} | |
90
|{{flag|Gabon}} | |
91
|{{flag|Lithuania}} | |
92
|{{flag|Saint Lucia}} | |
93
|{{flag|Denmark}} | |
94
|{{flag|Brunei}} | |
95
|{{flag|Moldova}} | |
96
|{{flag|Mauritania}} | |
97
|{{flag|Palau}} | |
98
|{{flag|Albania}} | |
99
|{{flag|Djibouti}} | |
100
|{{flag|Mali}} | |
101
|{{flag|Solomon Islands}} | |
102
|{{flag|Nepal}} | |
103
|{{flag|Iran}} | |
104
|{{flag|Tuvalu}} | |
105
|{{flag|Paraguay}} | |
106
|{{flag|Nigeria}} | |
107
|{{flag|Malawi}} | |
–
|{{flag|Kosovo}} | |
108
|{{flag|Oman}} | |
109
|{{flag|Bahrain}} | |
110
|{{flag|Fiji}} | |
111
|{{flag|Uzbekistan}} | |
112
|{{flag|Republic of the Congo}} | |
113
|{{flag|Rwanda}} | |
114
|{{flag|Sudan}} | |
115
|{{flag|Iceland}} | |
116
|{{flag|Kiribati}} | |
117
|{{flag|Angola}} | |
118
|{{flag|Burkina Faso}} | |
119
|{{flag|Burundi}} | |
120
|{{flag|Turkmenistan}} | |
121
|{{flag|Marshall Islands}} | |
122
|{{flag|Costa Rica}} | |
123
|{{flag|New Zealand}} | |
124
|{{flag|Laos}} | |
125
|{{flag|Togo}} | |
126
|{{flag|Ivory Coast}} | |
127
|{{flag|Belarus}} | |
128
|{{flag|Hungary}} | |
129
|{{flag|Sri Lanka}} | |
130
|{{flag|Tajikistan}} | |
131
|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} | |
132
|{{flag|Cabo Verde}} | |
133
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} | |
134
|{{flag|Kuwait}} | |
135
|{{flag|Vanuatu}} | |
136
|{{Flag|Tunisia}} | |
137
|{{flag|Barbados}} | |
138
|{{flag|Lebanon}} | |
139
|{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}} | |
140
|{{Flag|Benin}} | |
141
|{{flag|Cambodia}} | |
142
|{{flag|Nicaragua}} | |
143
|{{flag|Namibia}} | |
144
|{{flag|Ghana}} | |
145
|{{flag|North Macedonia}} | |
146
|{{flag|Niger}} | |
147
|{{flag|Grenada}} |{{dts|13 October 2020}}{{Cite web |title=RAPPORT DE POLITIQUE EXTÉRIEURE 2020 |url=https://www.gouv.mc/Action-Gouvernementale/Monaco-a-l-International/Publications/Rapports-de-Politique-Exterieure |page=38 |language=fr}} | |
148
|{{flag|Ethiopia}} | |
149
|{{flag|Madagascar}} | |
150
|{{flag|Jordan}} | |
151
|{{Flag|Guinea-Bissau}} | |
152
|{{Flag|Mozambique}} | {{dts|20 October 2022}}{{Cite web |date=20 October 2022 |title=20 octobre 2022 – le Consulat de Nouvelle-Zélande a accompagné son Ambassadrice Extraordinaire et Plénipotentiaire pour la remise de ses lettres de créance au Prince Souverain. |url=https://www.achm.mc/20-octobre-2022-le-consulat-de-nouvelle-zelande-a-accompagne-son-ambassadrice-extraordinaire-et-plenipotentiaire-pour-la-remise-de-ses-lettres-de-creance-au-prince-souverain/ |access-date=4 October 2023}} |
153
|{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}} | |
154
|{{Flag|Bangladesh}} | {{dts|13 June 2023}}{{Cite web |title=13 juin 2023 – le Consul Général honoraire du Kazakhstan et le Consul honoraire de Mongolie accompagnent leur Ambassadeur pour la remise de leurs lettres de créance à S.A.S. le Prince Albert II |url=https://www.achm.mc/13-juin-2023-le-consul-general-honoraire-du-kazakhstan-et-le-consul-honoraire-de-mongolie-accompagnent-leur-ambassadeur-pour-la-remise-de-leurs-lettres-de-creance-a-s-a-s-le-prince-albert-ii/ |access-date=22 June 2023 |website=achm.mc |language=fr}} |
155
|{{Flag|Bahamas}} | |
156
|{{Flag|Nauru}} | |
157
|{{Flag|Bolivia}} | |
158
|{{Flag|Guinea}} |
Americas
Asia
Europe
class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" | ||
style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal relations began on ! style="width:50%;"| Notes | ||
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|{{flag|European Union}} | {{main|Monaco–European Union relations}}
Monaco participates in a number of European Union policies through its interaction with France. Monaco is in the EU's customs and VAT area, is a de facto member of the Schengen Area due to its open border with France and uses the euro as its sole currency. | |
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|{{flag|France}} | 29 April 1873 | {{main|France–Monaco relations}}
Formal relations were established in 1918. France has agreed to defend the independence and sovereignty of Monaco, while the Monegasque Government has agreed to exercise its sovereign rights in conformity with French interests. Since then, the relations between the sovereign states of France and Monaco have been further defined in the Treaty of 1945 and the Agreement of 1963. In 2002, Monaco renegotiated its 1918 treaty with France. In 2005, it was ratified by both parties and entered into force. The terms of the treaty upgrade France's representation in Monaco from Consulate General to that of an embassy; permit, for the first time, other countries to accredit ambassadors to Monaco; and formally recognize the succession scheme set out in the 1962 Constitution, which extends eligibility to the Prince's daughters and other family members.
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|{{flag|Holy See}} | 21 June 1875 | It is part of Monaco's generally accepted cultural and political history that Monaco and the Holy See have maintained a diplomatic friendship bound by the Catholic faith since the founding of the Principality. Article 9 of the Monegasque Constitution, dated 17 December 1962, and modified in 2002, establishes the Catholic religion as the official religion of the sovereign state, which is a Catholic constitutional monarchy ruled by the Catholic Grimaldi dynasty. According to the Annuario Pontificio, the official yearbook of the Holy See, Monaco has maintained a diplomatic representative to the Holy See with the rank of minister plenipotentiary since 1915. In 1982, following the July 1981 signing of a new convention between Monaco and the Holy See reaffirming the close Catholic friendship and diplomatic relations which exists between the Catholic Principality and the Holy See, the rank of Monaco's diplomatic legation was elevated from that of a ministerial rank diplomatic legation to that of an embassy, with Cesar Charles Solamito, being elevated from the rank of minister plenipotentiary to ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary in June 1982. Ambassador Solamito served as Monaco's first ambassador to the Holy See until 1997. In 1999, the position of ambassador of Monaco to the Holy See was assumed by Monegasque ambassador Jean Claude Michel.
With respect to the Holy See, the Holy See has only maintained a diplomatic legation in Monaco since 2006. The appointment of a papal diplomatic representative to the Principality was subsequent to the revision of Monaco's treaty with France which was revised in 2002 and ratified in 2005. This revised treaty granted the Principality the sovereign prerogative of establishing formal diplomatic relations with other sovereign states at the highest diplomatic level, that of ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary—for the Holy See this means at the nunzorial level, i.e., that of an apostolic nunciature headed by an apostolic nuncio (apostolic nuncios normally hold the ecclesiastical rank of archbishop). The first, apostolic nuncio to represent the Holy See to Monaco, with residence and coterminous accreditation to the EU in Brussels, is Archbishop Andre Dupuy. Archbishop Dupuy presented his credentials to HSH Prince Albert II on 26 September 2006.[http://www.lepetitjournal.com/content/view/8615/1257/ L'Ambassadeur de Saint-Siège au Palais Princier de Monaco] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012110031/http://www.lepetitjournal.com/content/view/8615/1257/ |date=2008-10-12 }} from www.lepetitjournal.com 28 September 2006
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|{{flag|Italy}} | 25 April 1875 | See Italy–Monaco relations
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|{{flag|Kosovo}} | 19 March 2008 | * Formal relations were established on 19 March 2008.{{cite web|url=http://www.president-ksgov.net/?page=2,54|title=Countries that have recognized the Republic of Kosova - Presidente e Republikës së Kosovës - Atifete Jahjaga|work=Presidente e Republikës së Kosovës - Atifete Jahjaga|access-date=20 February 2015}}[http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/main/news/8741/ Serbia Neighbours To Recognise Kosovo] 19 March 2008
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|{{flag|Norway}} | 16 November 2010 | * Norway is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris, France and maintains an honorary consulate in Monaco.{{Cite web|last=Utenriksdepartementet|date=2020-02-14|title=Utestasjoner med sideakkreditering|url=https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/sideakkreditering/id515245/|access-date=2020-08-11|website=Regjeringen.no|language=no}}{{Cite web|title=Ambassaden og konsulatene|url=https://www.norway.no/no/france/for-nordmenn/om-ambassaden/|access-date=2020-08-11|website=Norgesportalen|language=no}}
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|{{flag|Russia}} | 31 May 2007 | {{main|Monaco–Russia relations}}
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|{{flag|Serbia}} | 12 July 2007 | * Both countries have established diplomatic relations in November 2007.{{Cite web|title=Monaco|url=http://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/foreign-policy/bilateral-issues/96-bilateral-issues/12327-monaco|access-date=2021-01-16|website=www.mfa.gov.rs}}
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|{{flag|Spain}} | 2 June 1876 | {{main|Monaco–Spain relations}}
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|{{flag|Ukraine}} | 26 July 2007 | * Both countries have established diplomatic relations 26 July 2007.{{Cite web|title=У ПАРИЖІ ВІДБУЛАСЬ УРОЧИСТА ЦЕРЕМОНІЯ ВСТАНОВЛЕННЯ ДИПЛОМАТИЧНИХ ВІДНОСИН МІЖ УКРАЇНОЮ І МОНАКО У ФОРМІ ОБМІНУ НОТАМИ|url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-polytics/493013-u_parig_vdbulas_urochista_tseremonya_vstanovlennya_diplomatichnih_vdnosin_mg_ukranoyu__monako_u_form_obmnu_notami_591353.html|access-date=2021-01-16|website=www.ukrinform.ua|language=uk}}
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|{{flag|United Kingdom}} | {{Date table sorting|21 September 2007}} | See Foreign relations of the United Kingdom
Monaco established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 21 September 2007.
Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, and the OSCE. |
See also
External links
- [https://www.gouv.mc/Action-Gouvernementale/Monaco-a-l-International/La-Diplomatie-et-la-Presence-Internationale/Carte-des-relations-bilaterales# Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Principality of Monaco] {{in lang|en|fr}}
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Monaco topics}}
{{Foreign relations of Europe}}
{{Foreign relations of Monaco}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Foreign Relations Of Monaco}}