Formative case
{{Short description|Grammatical case in Hungarian}}
In the Hungarian language the essive-formal case or formative caseReferred to as formativus by [https://nytud.hu/en/colleague/katalin-e-kiss/publications É. Kiss, Katalin][https://nytud.hu/en/colleague/katalin-e-kiss/profile (profile)]–[http://archive.nytud.hu/oszt/elmnyelv/kiefer/publist.html Kiefer, Ferenc][http://archive.nytud.hu/depts/tlp/kiefer/cv.html (cv)]–Siptár, Péter. Új magyar nyelvtan. {{ISBN|963-389-521-9}}, [https://www.szaktars.hu/osiris/view/e-kiss-katalin-kiefer-ferenc-siptar-peter-uj-magyar-nyelvtan-osiris-tankonyvek-2003/?/&pg=203&layout=s p. 202 (204 in the online PDF)]Referred to as formativus by [http://archive.nytud.hu/oszt/elmnyelv/kiefer/publist.html Kiefer, Ferenc][http://archive.nytud.hu/depts/tlp/kiefer/cv.html (cv)]: [https://mersz.hu/keres/essivus/hivatkozas/magyarnyelv_s3.9.3_p6#magyarnyelv_s3.9.3_p6 3.9.3. Az esetragok] (‘Case Suffixes’). In: Kiefer, Ferenc (ed.), Magyar nyelv ‘Hungarian Language’. Akadémiai Kiadó. Online publication: 2015. Print publication: 2006. {{ISBN|978 963 058 324 4}}Referred to as formativus by Kiefer, Ferenc: A ragozás (‘Suffixation’ or ‘Inflection’ or ‘Conjugation and Declension’), [https://mersz.hu/hivatkozas/m280smny_s10.3.1/#m280smny_s10.3.1 10.3.1. Az esetragok (‘Case Suffixes’)]. In: Kiefer, Ferenc (ed.). Strukturális magyar nyelvtan (‘Structural Grammar of Hungarian’) Vol. 3. Morfológia (‘Morphology’). Akadémiai Kiadó. Online publication: 2018. {{ISBN|978 963 454 053 3}} can be viewed as combining an essive case and a formal case, and it can express the position, task, state (e.g. "as a tourist"), or the manner (e.g. "like a hunted animal").
Grammatical status: case vs. adverb-forming suffix
Some earlier analyses of the Hungarian case system, such as László Antal's {{Lang|hu|A magyar esetrendszer|italic=yes}} (1961) did not consider the essive-formal to be a case, and disputed the status of the suffix {{Lang|hu|-ként}} in the declension system. One reason for this was that while Hungarian case suffixes are absolute word-final, {{Lang|hu|-ként}} permits further suffixation by the locative suffix {{Lang|hu|-i}}. However, this is not unique to the essive-formal; {{Lang|hu|-i}} can follow other case suffixes, for example {{lang|hu|-ban/-ben}} in {{lang|hu|nagybani}}, though it has become less common since the early 20th century (e.g. {{lang|hu|ágy(tól) és asztaltóli elválasztás}}). Another reason was that most Hungarian case endings participate in vowel harmony, while {{Lang|hu|-ként}} does not, possibly due to its later development.
However, the essive-formal case complies with the criterion for Hungarian cases set by modern descriptive grammars,Referred to as essivus, the same term as the one for the suffix of the essive-modal case, ending in {{lang|hu|-ul/ül}}, though listed as a distinct item. Balogh, Judit. A névszóragozás (‘Declension’). In: Balogh et al., Magyar grammatika (‘Hungarian Grammar’), Műszaki Könyvkiadó, Piliscsév & Budapest, 2017 ({{ISBN|978 963 164 694 8}}), pp. 197 and 201. namely that it can appear as the argument of a verb, specified in its form, such as in {{Lang|hu|kezel (vmi)ként}} (’treat, handle as ...’), {{Lang|hu|viselkedik (vmi)ként}} (’behave as ...’), {{Lang|hu|végez (vmi)ként}} (’graduate as ...’), {{Lang|hu|elhelyezkedik (vmi)ként}} (’find employment as ...’) etc. Therefore, it is today considered as one of the 18 established and acknowledged cases in Hungarian, rather than being one of the adverb-forming suffixes, which do not comply with the criterion.
References
{{Grammatical cases}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Essiveformalcase}}
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