Fort Pitt Block House
{{Infobox building
|name = Fort Pitt Block House
|image = Bouquet blockhouse.JPG
|image_size =
|former_names = Bouquet's Block House
Bouquet's Redoubt
Old Block House{{cite web|url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pittsburgh_Volume_3_Plate_1.jpg|title=English: This is a map published in 1900 of the area of Pittsburgh now known as Point State Park.|first=G. M. Hopkins &|last=Co|date=19 July 2011|via=Wikimedia Commons|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111024035/http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pittsburgh_Volume_3_Plate_1.jpg|archive-date=11 November 2012}}
|location = Point State Park,
Pittsburgh
|coordinates = {{coord|40.4412|-80.0098|region:US-PA|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|building_type = Redoubt
|completion_date = 1764
|floor_count = 2
{{Infobox NRHP
|embed=yes
| name =Forks of the Ohio
| nrhp_type = nhl
| designated_other1_name = Pennsylvania state historical marker
| designated_other1_abbr=PHMC
| designated_other1_link = List of Pennsylvania state historical markers
| designated_other1_color = navy
| designated_other1_textcolor=#ffc94b
| designated_other2 = PHLF
| image =
| caption =
| location=
| locmapin =
| area =
| built =
| architect=
| architecture=
| added = October 15, 1966
| governing_body =
| refnum=66000643{{NRISref|2007a}}
}}
}}
The Fort Pitt Block House (sometimes called Bouquet's Blockhouse or Bouquet's Redoubt{{cite web|url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fort_Pitt_1795_large.jpg|title=Plan of Fort Pitt|last=Durant|first=Samuel W.|year=1876|access-date=17 July 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126214816/http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fort_Pitt_1795_large.jpg|archive-date=26 January 2012}}) is a historic building in Point State Park in the city of Pittsburgh. It was constructed in 1764 as a redoubt of Fort Pitt, making it the oldest extant structure in Western Pennsylvania,{{cite web|url=http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/stateparks/parks/point.aspx|title=Point State Park|publisher=Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources|access-date=15 July 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709050117/http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/stateparks/parks/point.aspx|archive-date=9 July 2011}} as well as the "oldest authenticated structure west of the Allegheny Mountains".{{cite web|url=http://postgazette.com/pg/08280/917212-429.stm|title=The Blockhouse, Point State Park|last=Mellon|first=Steve|publisher=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|access-date=16 July 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527125325/http://postgazette.com/pg/08280/917212-429.stm|archive-date=27 May 2011}}
Construction
The Block House was constructed in 1764 as a defensive military redoubt. Henry Bouquet initiated the construction of a small number of redoubts around the outer walls of the fort as a way to reinforce its defense,. The specific number of redoubts constructed is variously listed as two (Toker 2007) or five (Toker 2009) of which only the Fort Pitt Block House survives.{{cite book|last=Toker|first=Franklin|title=Buildings of Pittsburgh|publisher=Society of Architectural Historians|location=Chicago|year=2007|isbn=978-0-8139-2650-6}}
History
When Fort Pitt was demolished in 1792, the Block House was left untouched because it was already in use as a residence. The structure had been converted into a private house in 1785 by Isaac Craig. In 1894, philanthropist Mary Schenley presented the deed to the Block House to the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR).{{cite book|title=Atlantic Reporter|publisher=West Publishing Co.|location=St. Paul|year=1911|volume=79|pages=128|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-twKAAAAYAAJ&q=blockhouse+schenley+frick&pg=PA128}}{{cite book|title=Daughters of the American Revolution magazine|year=1894|volume=5|pages=160|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aOcWAAAAYAAJ&q=daughters%20of%20the%20american%20revolution%20blockhouse&pg=PA160}} She did this specifically so that the structure might be preserved for future generations:
You are to preserve and keep this relic of a bygone past, and to gather and preserve all obtainable history and tradition in regard to it, and you are to beautify and adorn it and to make it the receptacle of relics bearing on the Colonial and Revolutionary periods of its existence....I will therefore...leave the ladies of your Society, who have the history of western Pennsylvania at their finger ends, to tell the story of the chivalrous Frenchmen, cruel, crafty Indians, courageous British, and intrepid Colonists. It is fitting that this old landmark, rich in historic associations of more than a century ago, should fall into the hands of those who by birth, tradition, and sentiment are particularly fitted to receive and preserve it and perpetuate the memories of the days when it was occupied by the French and their Indian allies, and afterwards by the British and Colonial troops.
(However, the French had already abandoned control of the area when the blockhouse was built in 1764.)
Industrialist Henry Clay Frick purchased all of the land surrounding the Block House in 1902, shortly before Schenley's death.{{cite web|url=http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/neighborhoods/point/point_n71.html|title=The Point: The Block House|publisher=Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh|access-date=15 July 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111205175951/http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/neighborhoods/point/point_n71.html|archive-date=5 December 2011}} He offered the DAR $25,000 to move the Block House to Schenley Park; however, the DAR refused. Following lengthy litigation, the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania ruled in favor of the DAR and the Block House, enabling its continued preservation.
The structure has never been torn down, completely rebuilt, or moved during its centuries of existence. Much of its timbers, brick, and stone remain original to its 1764 construction.
Preservation
Although the Block House resides within the boundaries of Point State Park, it is owned and operated by the Fort Pitt Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. The DAR allows visitors to the park to tour the structure. The building is recognized by the National Register of Historic Places as being the sole surviving historical building in the "Forks of the Ohio (Site of Fort Duquesne and Fort Pitt, Bouquet's Blockhouse)" historic place. It also has a historical marker issued by the commonwealth of Pennsylvania{{cite web|url=http://explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php?markerId=1-A-8A|title=Fort Pitt Block House Historical Marker|publisher=ExplorePAHistory.com|access-date=15 July 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110602063125/http://explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php?markerId=1-A-8A|archive-date=2 June 2011}} and is a Pittsburgh History & Landmarks Foundation designated Historic Landmark.
Maps and illustrations
= Before construction =
File:Plan of Fort Pitt, 1759.jpg|1759: A pre-construction plan for Fort Pitt which did not include the Block House
File:Plan of Fort Pitt, 1761.jpg|1761: A schematic contemporary with the 1761 construction of the fort, also excluding the Block House
= After construction =
File:Fort Pitt in 1776.jpg|1776: The Block House is visible to the left of the fort's wall.
File:Fort Pitt 1795 large.jpg|1795: The Block House is labeled as "Bouquet's Redoubt".
File:Pittsburgh 1795 large.jpg|1795: The Block House is visible to the left of the fort's wall.
File:FortPittBlockhouse1893.jpg|c. 1893: The Block House being used as a house
File:FortPittBlockHousecirca1903.jpg|c. 1903: The Block House around the time it was given to the DAR
File:Pittsburgh Volume 3 Plate 1.jpg|1900: A map of the Forks of the Ohio. The Block House is surrounded by other structures and listed on the map as being owned by the DAR and "presented by Mary Schenley".
{{Clear}}
References
{{Commons category|Fort Pitt Blockhouse}}
{{reflist|33em}}
Notes
Further reading
{{cite book |title=Pittsburgh Waste Book and Fort Pitt Trading Post Papers |publisher=ULS Archives Service Center University of Pittsburgh Library System|url= http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=ascead;cc=ascead;q1=General%20John%20Forbes;rgn=main;view=text;didno=US-PPiU-dar192503}}
External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20090211043245/http://postgazette.com/pg/08280/917548-429.stm 360° panorama of the Block House exterior]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20110527125325/http://postgazette.com/pg/08280/917212-429.stm 360° panorama of the Block House interior]
{{Pittsburgh}}
{{Registered Historic Places}}
{{Redoubts}}
Category:Tourist attractions in Pittsburgh
Category:Protected areas established in 1974
Category:National Historic Landmarks in Pennsylvania
Category:Historic American Buildings Survey in Pennsylvania
Category:Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Category:Military installations established in 1764
Category:Pittsburgh History & Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmarks
Category:Daughters of the American Revolution museums
Category:1764 establishments in Pennsylvania