Framework Agreement on First Nation Land Management Act
{{Short description|Canadian federal legislation}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}{{Use Canadian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox legislation
| legislature = Parliament of Canada
| long_title = An Act respecting the Framework Agreement on First Nation Land Management
| citation = S.C. 2022, c. 19, s. 121
| image = Royal Coat of arms of Canada.svg
| imagesize = 130px
| date_assented = 2022-12-15
| administered_by =
| bill_history_url = https://www.parl.ca/LegisInfo/en/bill/42-1/c-91
| bill_citation =
| 1st_reading =
| 2nd_reading =
| 3rd_reading =
| 1st_reading2 =
| 2nd_reading2 =
| 3rd_reading2 =
| related_legislation = First Nations Land Management Act
| status = in force
}}
The Framework Agreement on First Nation Land Management Act{{refn|Sometimes referred to as the Framework Agreement on First Nations Land Management Act.{{cite news |last=Paradis |first=Danielle |date=2024-06-18 |title=Members of Enoch Cree Nation searching for answers about their land |url=https://www.aptnnews.ca/national-news/enoch-cree-nation-certificates-of-possession/ |work= APTN News |publisher=APTN |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620012916/https://www.aptnnews.ca/national-news/enoch-cree-nation-certificates-of-possession/ |archive-date=2024-06-20 |access-date=2025-04-26}}|group=nb}} ({{Langx|fr|Loi sur l’Accord-cadre relatif à la gestion des terres de premières nations}}) is a Canadian federal law designed to replace the First Nations Land Management Act with a legal regime, while maintaining existing laws made under the FNLA by First Nations.{{Cite web |date=2023-01-12 |title=Parliament repeals First Nations Land Management Act, replaces it with new law that centres Framework Agreement between Canada and Land Code First Nations |url=https://www.woodwardandcompany.com/news/parliament-repeals-first-nations-land-management-act-replaces-it-with-new-law-that-centres-framework-agreement-between-canada-and-land-code-first-nations/ |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=Woodward & Company LLP |language=en-CA}}
Provisions
The act allows First Nations to exempt themselves from 44 sections of the Indian Act.{{Cite journal |last=Dressay |first=Andre Le |last2=Lavallee |first2=Normand |last3=Reeves |first3=Jason |date=2024-10-22 |title=Moving at the Speed of Business: A Possible Path to First Nation Prosperity Starts with Efficiency |url=https://jaed.ca/index.php/jaed/article/view/478 |journal=Journal of Aboriginal Economic Development |language=en |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=69–107 |doi=10.29173/jaed478 |issn=1481-9120|doi-access=free }}
Under the act, First Nations can develop their own land codes and take more control over the territory in their areas.{{Cite news |last=McDermott |first=Vincent |date=2023-02-20 |title=Land code gives Fort McKay First Nation full decision making authority over reserve lands |url=https://www.fortmcmurraytoday.com/news/land-code-gives-fort-mckay-first-nation-full-decision-making-authority-over-reserve-lands |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319073148/https://www.fortmcmurraytoday.com/news/land-code-gives-fort-mckay-first-nation-full-decision-making-authority-over-reserve-lands |archive-date=2023-03-19 |access-date=2025-04-26 |work=Fort McMurray Today}}
Application
As of April 2023, nationally there 25 separate self-government agreements across 43 Indigenous communities.{{Cite book |title=Research handbook on family property and the law |date=2024 |publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing |isbn=978-1-80220-467-4 |editor-last=Briggs |editor-first=Margaret |series=Research handbooks in family law |location=Cheltenham, UK Northampton, MA, USA |editor-last2=Hayward |editor-first2=Andy}}
Criticism
The act has been criticised in the Financial Post for not allowing the transfer of ownership of land to individual First Nations people.{{Cite news |last=Quesnel |first=Joseph |date=2023-06-06 |title=Opinion: To finally kill colonialism, give property rights to First Nations individuals |url=https://financialpost.com/opinion/give-property-rights-first-nations-kill-colonialism |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520065854/https://financialpost.com/opinion/give-property-rights-first-nations-kill-colonialism |archive-date=2024-05-20 |access-date=2025-04-26 |work=Financial Post}}
Footnotes
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