Françoise Combes
{{short description|French physicist}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Françoise Combes
| image = Francoise-Combes-2010.PNG
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1952|08|12|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Montpellier, France
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| citizenship =
| nationality = French
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| field = Astrophysics
| workplaces = Observatoire de Paris
| alma_mater = {{cslist|École Normale Supérieure| Paris Diderot University}}
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students = Fabienne Casoli
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| influences =
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| prizes = CNRS Gold medal, L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science Awards
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Françoise Combes ({{IPA|fr|fʁɑ̃swaz kɔ̃b|-|Fr-Françoise Combes.ogg}}; born 12 August 1952) is a French astrophysicist at the Paris Observatory and a professor at the Collège de France where she has been the chair of Galaxies and cosmology since 2014.{{Cite web|url=http://www.college-de-france.fr/site/francoise-combes/course-2014-2015.htm|title=Le problème de la matière noire : galaxies spirales|website=www.college-de-france.fr|date=15 September 2014 |language=fr}}
On 15 September 2017 the 'City of Success' school at Montpellier was renamed as 'High school Françoise Combes'.{{cite web|url=http://www.ac-montpellier.fr/cid120081/la-cite-scolaire-de-la-reussite-rebaptisee-cite-scolaire-francoise-combes.html|title=La cité scolaire de la réussite rebaptisée cité scolaire Françoise Combes|date=September 2017|website=www.ac-montpellier.fr|access-date=2017-10-03|archive-date=2017-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004034807/http://www.ac-montpellier.fr/cid120081/la-cite-scolaire-de-la-reussite-rebaptisee-cite-scolaire-francoise-combes.html|url-status=dead}}.
Education
Françoise Combes studied at the École normale supérieure from 1971 to 1975. In 1975, she obtained the Agrégation and a PhD in Physics from Paris Diderot University, writing her thesis on the dynamics and structure of galaxies.
Research
Her research works are about galaxy formation and evolution, in a cosmological context. This work includes: galaxy dynamics, their spiral and barred structures, and interactions between galaxies, studied both through multi-wavelength observations and by numerical simulations.{{Cite web|url=https://www.chalmers.se/en/centres/gpc/news/Pages/An-extragalactic-award-to-the-star-of-astrophysics-.aspx|title=An extragalactic award to the star of astrophysics|website=www.chalmers.se|language=en-us|access-date=2018-05-16}} Additionally, she has published extensively on the interstellar medium of galaxies. In particular, the molecular gas which gives birth to new stars in nearby galaxies, such as Andromeda, and which can be found in high redshift systems. She has published numerous reviews that range in her areas of interest.{{Cite web|url=http://aramis.obspm.fr/~combes/fcombes/revu.html|title=Françoise Combes (some reviews)|website=aramis.obspm.fr|access-date=2018-09-06}}
Françoise Combes has contributed to various models of dark matter, and is also interested in alternative solutions, such as modified gravity. She collaborated with Daniel Pfenniger in developing a model to account under the form of cold molecular gas for a large fraction of the dark baryons, which have not yet been identified.{{Cite web|url=http://aramis.obspm.fr/~combes/|title=Françoise Combes home page|website=aramis.obspm.fr|access-date=2018-05-16}}
Awards and honors
- 2023: Oort lecture prize{{cite web | url=https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/events/2023/09/oort-lecture-2023 | title=Greedy Supermassive Black Holes }}
- 2023: Elected international member of the US Academy of Sciences (NAS){{cite web | url=https://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/2023-nas-election.html | title=News – NAS }}
- 2022: Nick Kylafis Lectureship{{Cite web |title=Nick Kylafis Lectureship|url=https://www.ia.forth.gr/nick-kylafis-lectureship |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=FORTH Institute of Astrophysics |language=en-US}}
- 2022: Karl Jansky Lecturer{{Cite web |title=French Astronomer Honored as 2022 Jansky Lecturer |url=https://public.nrao.edu/news/2022-jansky-lecturer/ |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=National Radio Astronomy Observatory |language=en-US}}
- 2021: L'Oréal-UNESCO International Prize for Women in Science 2021{{Cite web|date=2021-02-11|title=L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science Awards honour five women researchers in mathematics, astrophysics, chemistry and informatics|url=https://en.unesco.org/news/loreal-unesco-women-science-awards-honour-five-women-researchers-mathematics-astrophysics|access-date=2021-02-11|website=UNESCO|language=en}}
- 2021: American Astronomical Society Fellow{{Cite web|title=AAS Names 31 New Fellows for 2021 {{!}} American Astronomical Society|url=https://aas.org/press/aas-fellows-2021|access-date=2021-02-05|website=aas.org}}
- 2020: Gold Medal of the CNRS{{Cite web|title=The astrophysicist Françoise Combes receives the CNRS 2020 Gold Medal|url=https://news.cnrs.fr/articles/the-astrophysicist-francoise-combes-receives-the-cnrs-2020-gold-medal|access-date=2020-09-10|website=CNRS News|language=en}}
- 2019: Commander of National Order of Merit{{Cite web|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000039440044/|access-date=2020-09-13|title=Décret du 30 novembre 2019 portant promotion et nomination|website=www.legifrance.gouv.fr}}
- 2017: The school City of Success of Montpellier (France) was renamed as High school Françoise Combes{{cite web|url=http://www.ac-montpellier.fr/cid120081/la-cite-scolaire-de-la-reussite-rebaptisee-cite-scolaire-francoise-combes.html|title=La cité scolaire de la réussite rebaptisée cité scolaire Françoise Combes|date=September 2017|website=www.ac-montpellier.fr|access-date=2017-10-03|archive-date=2017-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004034807/http://www.ac-montpellier.fr/cid120081/la-cite-scolaire-de-la-reussite-rebaptisee-cite-scolaire-francoise-combes.html|url-status=dead}}.
- 2017: Prix Jules Janssen of the Société astronomique de France, the French Astronomical Society{{Cite web |title=Award ceremony for the Janssen Prize |url=https://saf-astronomie.fr/remise_prix_janssen_2016_2017/ |access-date=10 August 2022 |website=Société astronomique de France}}
- 2017: Lise Meitner Prize of the University of Technology CHALMERS in Gothenburg{{Cite web|url=http://www.chalmers.se/en/centres/gpc/calendar/Pages/Lise-Meitner-Award-lecture.aspx|title=Ceremony and lecture – Gothenburg Lise Meitner Award 2017 {{!}} Chalmers|date=2017-08-24|website=www.chalmers.se|language=en-us}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.chalmers.se/en/centres/gpc/news/Pages/An-extragalactic-award-to-the-star-of-astrophysics-.aspx|title=An extragalactic award to the star of astrophysics|website=www.chalmers.se|language=en-us|access-date=2018-05-16}}{{Citation|last=Chalmers Physics|title=Gothenburg Lise Meitner Award Lecture 2017 - Françoise Combes|date=2017-10-06|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gk8K0pUCdJ4|access-date=2018-05-16}}
- 2017: Honorary member of the American Astronomical Society{{Cite web|url=https://aas.org/individual-membership/honorary-members|title=Honorary Members {{!}} American Astronomical Society|website=aas.org|language=en}}
- 2015: Officer of the French Legion of Honour{{cite web|url=http://www.legiondhonneur.fr/sites/default/files/lh_20150405.pdf|title=Présidence de la République ORDRE NATIONAL DE LA LÉGION D'HONNEUR|date=2015-04-05|website=www.legiondhonneur.fr|language=french}}
- 2013: R.M. Petrie Prize of the Canadian Astronomical Society{{Cite web|url=http://casca.ca/?page_id=568|title=R.M. Petrie Prize Lecture - CASCA|website=casca.ca|language=en-US}}
- 2013: Honorary Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society{{Cite web|url=http://www.ras.org.uk/awards-and-grants/awards/2210-winners-of-the-2013-awards-medals-and-prizes|title=Winners of the 2013 awards, medals and prizes - full details|last=Smith|first=Keith|website=www.ras.org.uk|language=en-gb|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130209060652/http://www.ras.org.uk/awards-and-grants/awards/2210-winners-of-the-2013-awards-medals-and-prizes|archive-date=2013-02-09|url-status=dead}}
- 2012: Prix des Trois Physiciens, ENS[http://www.phys.ens.fr/spip.php?article820] Prix des Trois Physiciens {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215181945/http://www.phys.ens.fr/spip.php?article820|date=2013-12-15}}
- 2009: Officer of the National Order of Merit
- 2009: Member of the Academia EuropaeaAcademia Europaea
- 2003: Honorary Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2013{{Cite web|url=http://www.ras.org.uk/awards-and-grants/awards/2210-winners-of-the-2013-awards-medals-and-prizes%7Cwork=RAS|title=Winners of the 2013 awards, medals and prizes - full details|last=Smith|first=Keith|website=www.ras.org.uk|date=7 June 2023 |language=en-gb}}
- 2009: Tycho Brahe Prize of the European Astronomical Society{{Cite web|url=http://eas.unige.ch/tycho_brahe_prize.jsp|title=Tycho Brahe Prize|last=Switzerland|first=Marc Türler and Mathias Beck, ISDC, Observatory of the University of Geneva|website=eas.unige.ch}}
- 2006: Knight of the French Legion of Honour
- 2004: Member of the French Academy of Sciences[http://www.academie-sciences.fr/academie/membre/Combes_Francoise.htm] Her page in Académie {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216000517/http://www.academie-sciences.fr/academie/membre/Combes_Francoise.htm|date=2013-12-16}}
- 2001: Silver Medal of the CNRS{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnrs.fr/en/research/awards/silver/2001.htm|title=CNRS - CNRS silver medals for 2001|last=CNRS|website=www.cnrs.fr|language=fr}}
- 1986: IBM physics prize
Works
Françoise Combes is the author of over a thousand articles,{{Cite web|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=korB95oAAAAJ|title=Francoise Combes - Google Scholar Citations|website=scholar.google.com|access-date=2018-08-06}} a number of books, and has participated in collective works. Her English-language books include:
- Active Galactic Nuclei, 2022 F. Combes, ISTE Editor{{cite web | url=https://iste.co.uk/book.php?id=1907 | title=Active Galactic Nuclei - ISTE }}
- Active Galactic Nuclei: fueling and feedback, December 2021 F. Combes, IOP Editor{{cite book | url=https://iopscience.iop.org/book/mono/978-0-7503-3035-0 | isbn=978-0-7503-3035-0 | title=Active Galactic Nuclei: Fueling and feedback | date=December 2021 | publisher=IOP }}
- Galaxies, 2021 F. Combes, ISTE Editor{{cite web | url=https://www.istegroup.com/fr/produit/galaxies/ | title=Galaxies – ISTE Editions }}
- Trous Noirs et Quasars, 2021, F. Combes, de Vive Voix{{cite book | url=https://www.cnrseditions.fr/catalogue/physique-et-astrophysique/livre-audio-trous-noirs-et-quasars/ | title=Trous noirs et quasars - CNRS Editions }}
- Le Big Bang, 2019, F. Combes, Que-sais-je, PUF
- The Milky Way (with James Lequeux), EDP Sciences, 2016, 196p (ISBN 978-2759819157)
- La Matière Noire, clé de l'Univers, 2015, F. Combes, Vuibert
- La Voie Lactée, 2013, (EdP-Sciences), F. Combes & J. Lequeux
- Mysteries Of Galaxy Formation, Praxis, 2010, 224p (ISBN 978-1441908674)
- Galaxies et Cosmologie (2009), (Ellipses), F. Combes, M. Haywood, S. Collin, F. Durret, B. Guiderdoni
- A. Aspect, R. Balian, G. Bastard, J.P. Bouchaud, B. Cabane, F. Combes, T. Encrenaz, S. Fauve, A. Fert, M. Fink, A. Georges, J.F. Joanny, D. Kaplan, D. Le Bihan, P. Léna, H. Le Treut, J-P Poirier, J. Prost et J.L. Puget, Demain la physique, (Odile Jacob, 2009)
- Mystères de la formation des galaxies (2008), (Dunod), F. Combes
- The Cold Universe Saas-Fee Advanced Course. vol 32. Swiss Society for Astrophysics and Astronomy (with Andrew W. Blain) (editor: Daniel Pfenniger), Springer, 2004, (ISBN 978-3540408383)
- Galaxies and Cosmology (Astronomy and Astrophysics Library) (with Patrick Boissé) (translator: M. Seymour), Springer, 2nd Ed 2004, 468p (ISBN 978-3540419273)
- Galaxies and Cosmology (1995), (Springer), P. Boissé, A. Mazure et A. Blanchard, (réédité en 2002)
- Galaxies et Cosmologie (1991), (Inter-Sciences, CNRS), P. Boissé, A. Mazure et A. Blanchard
References
{{reflist|colwidth=25em}}
External links
- [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-abs_connect?db_key=AST&db_key=PRE&qform=AST&arxiv_sel=astro-ph&arxiv_sel=cond-mat&arxiv_sel=cs&arxiv_sel=gr-qc&arxiv_sel=hep-ex&arxiv_sel=hep-lat&arxiv_sel=hep-ph&arxiv_sel=hep-th&arxiv_sel=math&arxiv_sel=math-ph&arxiv_sel=nlin&arxiv_sel=nucl-ex&arxiv_sel=nucl-th&arxiv_sel=physics&arxiv_sel=quant-ph&arxiv_sel=q-bio&sim_query=YES&ned_query=YES&adsobj_query=YES&aut_logic=OR&obj_logic=OR&author=combes%2C+F&object=&start_mon=&start_year=&end_mon=&end_year=&ttl_logic=OR&title=&txt_logic=OR&text=&nr_to_return=200&start_nr=1&jou_pick=ALL&ref_stems=&data_and=ALL&group_and=ALL&start_entry_day=&start_entry_mon=&start_entry_year=&end_entry_day=&end_entry_mon=&end_entry_year=&min_score=&sort=SCORE&data_type=SHORT&aut_syn=YES&ttl_syn=YES&txt_syn=YES&aut_wt=1.0&obj_wt=1.0&ttl_wt=0.3&txt_wt=3.0&aut_wgt=YES&obj_wgt=YES&ttl_wgt=YES&txt_wgt=YES&ttl_sco=YES&txt_sco=YES&version=1 Publications list]
- [http://aramis.obspm.fr/~combes/ Homepage]
- {{cite web|url= http://eas.unige.ch/documents/eas_prize_2009_combes.pdf |title=2009 Tycho Brahe Prize }} {{small|(456 KB)}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Combes, Francoise}}
Category:French astrophysicists
Category:French women astrophysicists
Category:École Normale Supérieure alumni
Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences
Category:21st-century French women scientists
Category:L'Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science laureates