Frances Horwich

Horwich was born on July 16, 1907, in Ottawa, Ohio. She was the daughter of Samuel and Rosa Gratz Rappaport.{{sfn|Ohles|Ohles|Ramsay|1997|p=168}} Her father had emigrated from Austria and owned a general store in the town. Her mother had emigrated from Russia; she was the youngest of their children.{{cite web|url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/horwich-frances|title=Frances Horwich|publisher=Jewish Women's Archive|access-date=November 28, 2017}} Her mother taught her children various types of needlework and crafts. Her father taught his children how to relate to people by giving each of them a chance to work at the store counter when they were tall enough to see over it. He sent all of his children to college; her two brothers became pediatricians and her two sisters also entered the health care field.{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15672231/frances_horwich_background/|title=Success Rings for Teacher on Ding Dong School|author=MacKay, Ruth|date=December 14, 1953|page=55|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|access-date=December 9, 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Open access}} She attended grammar and high school in Ottawa. Horwich was a bright student and was allowed to skip grades during her education. She described it as "being thrown out" of school and said she was "a badly-adjusted 15 year old" when she entered the University of Chicago.{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15434570/frances_horwich_college_at_15/|title=TV Keynotes Dr. Frances Horwich Discusses Education|author=Scheuer, Steven H.|date=November 11, 1959|page=C-6|newspaper=The Times|access-date=November 28, 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Open access}}

Horwich earned her bachelor's degree at the University of Chicago in 1929; her first teaching assignment was a first grade class in Evanston, Illinois, from 1929 to 1932.{{sfn|Ohles|Ohles|Ramsay|1997|p=168}} She then became the supervisor of the Works Progress Administration's nursery schools in Chicago until 1935.{{sfn|Ohles|Ohles|Ramsay|1997|p=168}} She earned her master's degree in education at Columbia University in 1933 and directed junior kindergartens in Winnetka, Illinois, from 1935 to 1938. Horwich was named dean of education at Pestalozzi-Fröbel Teachers College in Chicago in 1938, where she worked until 1940.{{sfn|Ohles|Ohles|Ramsay|1997|p=168}}

She earned her doctorate at Northwestern University in 1942.{{sfn|Ohles|Ohles|Ramsay|1997|p=168}} While working toward her degree, Horwich was a counselor for students at Chicago Teachers College.{{sfn|Ohles|Ohles|Ramsay|1997|p=168}} She then left the Chicago area for a time, becoming the head of the Hessian Hills School at Croton-on-Hudson, New York, and teaching for two years at the University of North Carolina. When she returned to the Chicago area, she became the head of the department of education at Chicago's Roosevelt College beginning in 1946.[http://magazine.uchicago.edu/0110/class-notes/deaths-print.html Deaths]{{sfn|Ohles|Ohles|Ramsay|1997|pp=168–169}}

Horwich met her husband, Harvey, an attorney and Air Force historian, when both were religious school teachers at Chicago's KAM Temple.{{cite web|url=https://www.kamii.org/shoresh|title=Shoresh: Our Shabbat-based religious school program|publisher=KAM Isaiah Israel|access-date=November 28, 2017}} The two were married on July 11, 1931.{{sfn|Ohles|Ohles|Ramsay|1997|p=168}}{{cite journal|title=Ding Dong School|journal=Radio and Television Mirror|date=December 1953|volume=41|issue=1|pages=16–17|url=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Mirror/53/Mirror-1953-Dec.pdf}} The couple had no children.{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13802123/frances_horwich/|title=Tele-Views|author=Blackmer, Dave|date=September 5, 1953|page=8|newspaper=Daily Capital Journal|access-date=November 28, 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Open access}}

Ding Dong School was developed by the show's producer, Reinald Werrenrath Jr., and Judith Waller, director of public affairs programming for the NBC Central Division,[http://www.richsamuels.com/nbcmm/dds.html Ding Dong School] for station WNBQ-TV (now WMAQ-TV).{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13802104/ding_dong_school/|title=Ding Dong School Is TV Delight of the Pre-Kindergarten Set|author=Beck, Joan|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|date=January 1, 1953|page=40|access-date=November 11, 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Open access}}{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15042036/dong/|title=Ding Dong, D-i-n-g- D-o-n-g|author=Start, Clarissa|date=July 19, 1953|page=76|newspaper=St. Louis Post-Dispatch|access-date=November 11, 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Open access}}{{sfn|O'Dell|1997|pp=201–202}} The concept of the show was to create a television nursery school with a television teacher while the pupils would be watching and participating from their homes.{{sfn|O'Dell|1997|pp=201–202}} It was designed to be viewed from the height of a small child and cameras were adjusted to picture the set and host from that standpoint.{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15671237/frances_horwich_1953/|title='Ding Dong School' Paces Moppet Education Field|author=Crosby, John|date=February 28, 1953|page=22|newspaper=Tucson Daily Citizen|access-date=December 9, 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Open access}} Props were deliberately kept simple so they could be recognized by young children.{{sfn|O'Dell|1997|pp=201–202}}

File:Frances Horwich Ding Dong School.jpg

The development team made a list of people who seemed to be good candidates for the program. Horwich was one of those on the list; she was contacted and invited to audition for the show. Her only connection with television before this had been as part of discussion and panel shows which were televised. She was hesitant about being the only person on camera but agreed to audition. Horwich won the job and was still somewhat uneasy about being on television alone, but she decided to give it a try.

Initially the program was an experiment which was intended to air only once. Those watching the show's development and rehearsals were very skeptical about the venture. One station executive thought it was either the best or worst television show he had ever seen; another thought it would spell the end of television.{{sfn|O'Dell|1997|p=202}}{{sfn|Davis|2008|p=36}} The station's technical staff was also not encouraging. Two cameramen made remarks about the program when they believed they were out of earshot of Horwich. They did not realize that years of teaching in classrooms had made her a fine lip-reader.{{sfn|Davis|2008|p=36}}{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13802889/frances_horwich/|title=Nursery School Big TV Success|author=Mosby, Ailine|date=May 6, 1954|page=2|newspaper=Brownsville Herald|access-date=November 28, 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Open access}}

Because it was felt that the show would be a terrible broadcasting mistake, it was decided to air it during the morning hours of October 2, 1952 with no publicity regarding it.{{sfn|O'Dell|1997|p=202}}{{cite journal|url=https://archive.org/stream/broadcastingtele43unse_0#page/n305/mode/2up/search/ding|title=Successful One Timer|page=83|journal=Broadcasting Telecasting|date=October 20, 1952|access-date=November 11, 2017}}{{sfn|Davis|2008|p=36}} No one was prepared for the 150 positive telephone calls the station received just after the show had aired or for the amount of viewer mail praising the program.{{sfn|O'Dell|1997|p=202}} The program was quickly scheduled for weekday morning local broadcast beginning in late 1952.{{sfn|O'Dell|1997|p=202}} Horwich was given two weeks to learn how to draw and paint as well as do puzzles upside down so they could be seen by the camera.{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13802296/frances_horwich/|title=Children's TV pioneer recalls first programs|author=Estes, Jane|page=8|newspaper=Arizona Republic|date=September 24, 1973|access-date=November 27, 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Open access}}

Each show began with the ringing of a hand-held school bell and the Ding Dong School song sung by Horwich.{{sfn|Okuda|Mulqueen|2016|pp=201–202}} She then looked into the camera and asked, "How are you this morning?", giving her viewers at home time to answer the question. Horwich as "Miss Frances" conducted her television classes in the same manner as she would have if her students were in the same room with her.{{sfn|Okuda|Mulqueen|2016|pp=201–202}}{{sfn|Davis|2008|p=37}} Those who subsequently adopted this style included Fred Rogers and the cast of Sesame Street.{{sfn|Roberts|Scher|2014}}{{sfn|Hayes|2008|p=97}}{{sfn|LoBrutto|2017|p=37}} Activities could range from drawing, finger painting and using pipe cleaners or modeling clay to create an object. Various lessons such as how to cross streets safely were presented and the drawings sent in by children were viewed and discussed.{{sfn|Davis|2008|pp=36–37}} Toward the end of the program, Horwich would ask her students to find mother and bring her to the television set. She then discussed what lessons and activities were done today and what supplies would be needed for future programs.{{sfn|O'Dell|1997|p=202}}

Although the program had only been on the air a short period of time, Frances Horwich won the George Foster Peabody Award for 1952.{{sfn|O'Dell|1997|p=202}}[http://www.northwestern.edu/magazine/northwestern/winter2001/classnotes/inmemoriam.htm In Memoriam] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204040620/http://www.northwestern.edu/magazine/northwestern/winter2001/classnotes/inmemoriam.htm |date=2012-02-04 }} The show quickly gained popularity among young children and was broadcast nationally on the NBC network, Monday through Friday, beginning in March 1953.{{sfn|O'Dell|1997|p=202}} On the network, the show quickly had 2,400,000 daily viewers and was beating Arthur Godfrey's morning television program in the ratings.{{sfn|O'Dell|1997|p=202}} Horwich had a number of rights in her contract with NBC. She had the right of refusal of program sponsors. When the network wanted to extend the show to one hour and when it wanted to move it from mornings to afternoons, Horwich was able to refuse both requests.{{sfn|Okuda|Mulqueen|2016|p=202}}{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15619052/frances_horwich_sponsors/|title=TV School Teacher Has 6 1/2 Million in Her Class|author=Thomas. Bob|date=May 8, 1954|page=7|newspaper=Oakland Tribune|access-date=December 9, 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Open access}} She was named Woman of the Year in Education by the Associated Press for 1953.{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13802815/frances_horwich_woman_of_the/|title=Runners-Up Are Mamie, Mrs. Pandit|author=Roe, Dorothy|date=December 31, 1953|page=14|newspaper=The Evening Independent|access-date=December 9, 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Open access}} She was the author of many Ding Dong School branded books for children; the network also produced Ding Dong School merchandise such as pencils and coloring books. Horwich only endorsed items which were not expensive and were educational. By 1956, Horwich had written 25 children's books, made 11 Ding Dong School records and 30 manufacturers sold show-branded products.{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15739301/frances_horwich_ding_dong_school_1956/|title=Ding Dong School in 4th Year|author=Wolters, Larry|date=August 30, 1956|page=10|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|access-date=December 12, 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Open access}} A PTA for Ding Dong School was established to help parents and Horwich communicate.{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15739212/frances_horwich_pta/|title=Bill Ladd's Radio and TV Almanac|author=Ladd, Bill|date=June 28, 1956|page=13|newspaper=The Courier-Journal|access-date=December 12, 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Open access}}

The couple's lifestyle changed dramatically after Ding Dong School. Horwich rose at 4:30 AM on weekdays to go over her lesson plan for the day's broadcast and was in bed by 9 PM She often spent the evening preparing props for the next day. A move from Evanston to an apartment on Chicago's near north side was necessary because of the 45 minute commuting time to Chicago's Loop.{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15512160/frances_ding_dong/|title=She's a Dong Dong Schoolmarm|date=February 28, 1864|page=36|newspaper=Star-Tribune|access-date=December 2, 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Open access}}

Neither Horwich nor her husband were prepared for the way the television show made Horwich a celebrity. Horwich's husband, Harvey, had been in Korea with the Air Force during the planning stages of Ding Dong School.{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15490613/harvey_horwich/|title=Relax and Enjoy Your Children, TV Teacher Advises|author=Meyers, William H.|date=November 25, 1953|page=20|newspaper=The Times|access-date=December 1, 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Open access}} When he arrived home, the couple planned a vacation in the Bahamas. Since Horwich did not like to repeat programs, she recorded kinescopes to be broadcast while she was away.{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15490514/horwich_kinescopes/|title=Tele Views|author=Vernon, Terry|date=August 24, 1953|page=18|newspaper=Long Beach Independent|access-date=December 1, 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Open access}}{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15613647/frances_horwich_repeat_shows/|title='Lady Trapped in Television Set' Has Millions of Fans-All Under 6|date=July 29, 1956|page=40|newspaper=Sunday Journal and Star|access-date=December 6, 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Open access}} When the couple boarded their flight to Miami, 14 young children were also on the plane with their families. The children recognized "Miss Frances" and sang the Ding Dong School song all the way to Miami. After arriving in the Bahamas, the couple believed they could now begin their holiday. On the second night of their stay in the hotel, the restaurant's calypso band began playing the Ding Dong School song as Horwich and her husband entered the dining room.{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15490375/horwich_bahamas1/|title=Look and Listen|author=Devane, James|page=13|date=September 3, 1953|newspaper=The Cincinnati Enquirer|access-date=December 1, 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Open access}} Her husband viewed all of this with good humor, saying, "Just call me Mr. Frances".

Everyday life no longer had many routine aspects for Horwich after Ding Dong School. After she had been on the air for two weeks, Horwich stopped in a shop for a cup of coffee. Before she could take a sip, a woman came up and said loudly that she never thought her child would see Miss Frances drinking coffee. The store became silent. Horwich then greeted the woman's children and left the shop. On what might be considered an average day, she was stopped 17 times by both parents and children when walking a block down the street. Children were amazed to see her away from the television screen and would often poke her to make sure she was real. The couple's social life became restricted to Saturday evenings because of the early morning hours needed for the weekday program. Horwich made some personal appearances; when she did, the crowds were larger than those for many film stars. She stated that she shook 17,000 hands when making her first personal appearance. A personal appearance at a Boston department store drew 12,000 people—children and parents.{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15675788/frances_horwich_1955/|title=She's Pied Piper Of 20th Century|author=Emerson, Faye|date=November 20, 1955|page=115|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|access-date=December 9, 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Open access}}{{efn|Horwich decided to make personal appearances when it was learned that many children were trying to break their television set's glass or open its back to "free" her.}}

In 1954, Horwich was appointed Head of Children's Programming for the NBC television network, where she supervised all of NBC's children's programming.{{sfn|Okuda|Mulqueen|2016|p=202}} She moved to New York in early 1955 and Ding Dong School was then broadcast from New York.{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15485717/horwich_and_ding_dong_to_new_york/|title=TV's Ding Dong School Moving To New York|date=May 15, 1955|page=362|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|access-date=November 30, 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Open access}} In late 1955, New York Times columnist Jack Gould cautioned Horwich over the use of a commercial for vitamins, implying that she inadvertently had encouraged children to swallow all pills that they found pleasing to look at: She "demonstrated how pretty the red pills were and how easy to swallow they were. 'To put it as mildly as possible, Dr. Horwich has gone a step too far in letting a commercial consideration jeopardize her responsibility to the young children whose faith and trust she solicits.'"{{sfn|Gould|2002|pp=174–175}} She remained Head of Children's Programming until 1956, when Ding Dong School was canceled in favor of The Price Is Right.{{sfn|Okuda|Mulqueen|2016|p=202}}{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15431395/end_of_ding_dong/|title=NBC Puts End To 'Ding Dong'|date=November 17, 1956|page=18|newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer|access-date=November 28, 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Open access}} Horwich resigned from NBC in protest of the commercialism of children's education. She refused to advertise products a child could not use or that appeared to glorify violence. She was asked to accept a sponsor whose product was BB guns; when Horwich refused, Ding Dong School was canceled.{{sfn|Okuda|Mulqueen|2016|p=202}}{{efn|It is said Horwich was given an ultimatum: to accept this sponsor or Ding Dong School would be canceled. The person said to have delivered this message was Robert W. Sarnoff, son of David Sarnoff.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/24/nyregion/robert-sarnoff-78-rca-chairman-dies.html|title=Robert Sarnoff, 78, RCA Chairman, Dies|author=Kleinfeld, N.R.|date=February 24, 1997|newspaper=New York Times|access-date=December 10, 2017}}{{cite web|url=http://richsamuels.com/nbcmm/miller/millerstudioa.html#horwich|title=Studio A|author=Miller, Roger Lee|publisher=Rich Samuels|access-date=December 10, 2017}}}}

Horwich resigned from her position, but the network refused to accept her resignation.{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15488688/horwich_quits_nbc/|title=Television Notes and Gossip|page=6D|date=December 11, 1956|newspaper=St. Louis Post-Dispatch|access-date=December 1, 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Open access}}

Since Horwich owned the rights to Ding Dong School, she was able to sign with Chicago's WGN-TV to broadcast the show beginning in August 1958; the program had been off the air since being canceled by NBC.{{sfn|Okuda|Mulqueen|2016|p=202}}{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15486896/horwich_to_wgn_with_ding_dong/|title=Plan News Report For Small Fry|author=Wolters, Larry|date=January 6, 1958|page=46|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|access-date=December 1, 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Open access}} Horwich and her husband moved to Hollywood in 1959 for taping and syndication of the show,{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15488062/horwich_in_hollywood_1959/|title=TV-Ticker-TV Preview|work=Chicago Tribune |date=June 12, 1959|page=2|access-date=December 1, 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Open access}} The show was syndicated until 1965.{{sfn|Okuda|Mulqueen|2016|p=202}}{{sfn|LoBrutto|2017|p=38}} Beginning in 1962, she also served as an advisor on children's activities for Curtis Publishing Company.{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15677044/frances_horwich/|title='Ding Dong School Teacher Gets New Job|date=October 11, 1962|page=28|newspaper=The Corpus Christi Calleer-Times|access-date=December 9, 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Open access}}{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15619208/frances_horwich_curtis_pub/|title=Don't Make Children Your Salesmen, Ad Men Advised|date=April 25, 1964|page=18|newspaper=The Tampa Tribune|access-date=December 9, 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Open access}} In 1965, Horwich was hired as the Director of Children's Programming for the new UHF television station in Chicago, WFLD.{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15484647/horwich_at_wfld_1966/|title=Fans Defeat Bears' Blackout Attempts|author=Wolters, Larry|date=November 3, 1965|page=42|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|access-date=November 30, 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Open access}}{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15484729/horwich_title/|title=Flame of Hope-TV Preview|date=May 28, 1966|page=9|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|access-date=November 30, 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Open access}}{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15484816/horwich_at_wfld_1968/|title=Dr. Horwich to Discuss Role as 'Miss Frances' at Conference|date=April 1, 1968|page=16|newspaper=The Post-Crescent|access-date=November 30, 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Open access}} In 1970, Horwich discovered she was two quarters of work short of qualifying for her American Federation of Television and Radio Artists pension. She was hired to do some specials on education by WMAQ-TV.{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15680433/frances_horwich_1970/|title=WMAQ-TV ad for television specials on education|date=May 4, 1970|page=22|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|access-date=December 10, 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Open access}}

Horwich moved to Scottsdale, Arizona, in 1973 because of her husband's health; Harvey died in 1974. After moving to Arizona, she did some lecturing at Arizona State University and worked at a local public broadcasting television station.{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13802173/frances_horwich_1977/|title=Followup|date=March 21, 1977|page=16|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|access-date=December 1, 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} {{Open access}} Horwich died of congestive heart failure on 22 July 2001 at the age of 94.{{cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2001/07/25/frances-r-horwich-94/|title=Frances R. Horwich, 94|author=Richards, Sarah E.|date=July 25, 2001|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|access-date=December 11, 2017}}

A month before her death, Horwich was inducted into the Silver Circle of the Chicago Chapter of the National Academy of the Television Arts and Sciences on June 2, 2001.{{cite web|url=https://chicagoemmyonline.org/awards/past-chicago-silver-circle-inductees-2/|title=Dr. Frances Horwich Silver Circle Award|year=2001|publisher=Chicago Chapter-National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences|access-date=4 April 2012}} The awards honor those who have worked 25 years or more in television and have made significant contributions to the local industry.{{cite web|url=https://chicagoemmyonline.org/awards/silver-circle-chicago-2017-honorees/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815181852/https://chicagoemmyonline.org/awards/silver-circle-chicago-2017-honorees/|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 15, 2017|title=Silver Circle Awards|publisher=Chicago National Academy of Television Arts|access-date=November 27, 2017}} In 2006, an Ohio Historical Marker commemorating her life was placed by the local Daughters of the American Revolution chapter in Ottawa.{{cite web|url=http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?MarkerID=28618|title=Frances Rappaport Horwich-Ohio Historical Society Marker|publisher=The Historical Marker Database}}

• {{cite book|title=Have Fun With Your Children|last1=Horwich|first1=Frances R.|last2=Werrenrath|first2=Reinald Jr.|year=1956|publisher=Prentice-Hall|oclc = 951928336}}
• {{cite book|title=The Magic of Bringing Up Your Child|last=Horwich|first=Frances R.|year=1959|publisher=McGraw-Hill|oclc = 177617}}

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• {{cite book|title=The Baby Chipmunk|last1=Horwich|first1=Frances R.|last2=Werrenrath|first2=Reinald Jr.|year=1953|publisher=Rand McNally|oclc = 6513907}}
• {{cite book|title=Daddy's Birthday Cakes|last1=Horwich|first1=Frances R.|last2=Werrenrath|first2=Reinald Jr.|year=1953|publisher=Rand McNally|oclc = 6513878}}
• {{cite book|title=A Day Downtown With Daddy|last1=Horwich|first1=Frances R.|last2=Werrenrath|first2=Reinald Jr.|year=1953|publisher=Rand McNally|oclc = 7590923}}
• {{cite book|title=Dressing Up|last1=Horwich|first1=Frances R.|last2=Werrenrath|first2=Reinald Jr.|year=1953|publisher=Rand McNally|oclc = 11926790}}
• {{cite book|title=I Decided|last1=Horwich|first1=Frances R.|last2=Werrenrath|first2=Reinald Jr.|year=1953|publisher=Rand McNally|oclc = 6536852}}
• {{cite book|title=A Suitcase With a Surprise|last1=Horwich|first1=Frances R.|last2=Werrenrath|first2=Reinald Jr.|year=1953|publisher=Rand McNally|oclc = 11926795}}
• {{cite book|title=Your Friend, the Policeman|last1=Horwich|first1=Frances R.|last2=Werrenrath|first2=Reinald Jr|last3=Neebe|first3=William|year=1953|publisher=Rand McNally|oclc = 6967742}}
• {{cite book|title=Debbie and Her Nap|last1=Horwich|first1=Frances R.|last2=Werrenrath|first2=Reinald Jr|last3=Wehr|first3=Adele|year=1954|publisher=Rand McNally|oclc = 901376452}}
• {{cite book|title=Dolls of Other Lands|last1=Horwich|first1=Frances R.|last2=Werrenrath|first2=Reinald Jr.|year=1954|last3=Flory|first3=Jane|publisher=Rand McNally|oclc = 6513860}}
• {{cite book|title=Grandmother is Coming|last=Horwich|first=Frances R.|year=1954|publisher=Rand McNally|oclc = 3453151}}
• {{cite book|title=Growing Things|last1=Horwich|first1=Frances R.|last2=Werrenrath|first2=Reinald Jr.|year=1954|last3=Van Tellingen|first3=Ruth Thompson|publisher=Rand McNally|oclc = 6212984}}
• {{cite book|title=In My House|last=Horwich|first=Frances R.|year=1954|publisher=Rand McNally|oclc = 6514184}}
• {{cite book|title=Looking Out the Window|last=Horwich|first=Frances R.|year=1954|publisher=Rand McNally|oclc = 6514188}}
• {{cite book|title=Miss Frances' All-Day-Long Book|last1=Horwich|first1=Frances R.|last2=Werrenrath|first2=Reinald Jr.|year=1954|publisher=Rand McNally|oclc = 1636786}}
• {{cite book|title=My Big Brother|last=Horwich|first=Frances R.|year=1954|publisher=Rand McNally|oclc = 6523547}}

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• {{cite book|title=My Goldfish|last1=Horwich|first1=Frances R.|last2=Werrenrath|first2=Reinald Jr.|year=1954|publisher=Rand McNally|oclc = 4921832}}
• {{cite book|title=Peek In|last1=Horwich|first1=Frances R.|last2=Werrenrath|first2=Reinald Jr.|last3=Evans|first3=Katherine|year=1954|publisher=Rand McNally|oclc = 6536900}}
• {{cite book|title=The Robin Family|year=1954|last=Horwich|first=Frances R.|publisher=Rand McNally|oclc = 6536921}}
• {{cite book|title=Jingle Bell Jack|year=1955|last=Horwich|first=Frances R.|publisher=Rand McNally|oclc = 18791919}}
• {{cite book|title=The Magic Wagon|last1=Horwich|first1=Frances R.|last2=Webbe|first2=Elizabeth|year=1955|publisher=Golden Press|oclc = 53353158}}
• {{cite book|title=Lucky Rabbit|last1=Horwich|first1=Frances R.|last2=Bendel|first2=Ruth|year=1955|publisher=Rand McNally|oclc = 51324521}}
• {{cite book|title=Mr. Meyer's Cow|last=Horwich|first=Frances R.|year=1955|publisher=Rand McNally|oclc = 18791921}}
• {{cite book|title=We Love Grandpa|last1=Horwich|first1=Frances R.|last2=Grider|first2=Dorothy|year=1955|publisher=Golden Press|oclc = 26792645}}
• {{cite book|title=The Big Coal Truck|year=1956|last=Horwich|first=Frances R.|publisher=Rand McNally|oclc = 7590931}}
• {{cite book|title=Here Comes the Band|last=Horwich|first=Frances R.|year=1956|publisher=Rand McNally|oclc = 22609720}}
• {{cite book|title=Miss Frances' Story Book of Pets for the Very Young|last=Horwich|first=Frances R.|year=1956|publisher=Rand McNally|oclc = 7435576}}
• {{cite book|title=Our Baby|last=Horwich|first=Frances R.|year=1956|publisher=Golden Press|oclc = 62948561}}
• {{cite book|title=The Ding Dong School Book|last1=Horwich|first1=Frances R.|last2=Werrenrath|first2=Reinald Jr.|year=1960|publisher=Golden Press|oclc = 1410187}}
• {{cite book|title=Miss Frances' Storybook of Manners for the Very Young|last=Horwich|first=Frances R.|year=1960|publisher=Golden Press|oclc = 1405140}}
• {{cite book|title=Miss Frances of Ding Dong School Selects|last=Horwich|first=Frances R.|year=1962|publisher=Doubleday|oclc = 704525352}}
• {{cite book|title=My Daddy is a Policeman|last=Horwich|first=Frances R.|year=1966|publisher=Rand McNally|oclc = 7961696}}

{{col-end}}

{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

• {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6gAwejVhA3MC&q=horwich|title=Street Gang: The Complete History of Sesame Street|last=Davis|first=Michael|year=2008|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-0-6700-1996-0}}
• {{cite book|title=Watching Television Come of Age The New York Times Reviews by Jack Gould|publisher=University of Texas Press|last=Gould|first=Lewis L.|year=2002|isbn=0-292-72844-1|via=Project MUSE|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/watchingtelevisi00lewi}}
• {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_fDYJaz2m7MC&q=horwich+sesame|title=Anytime Playdate: Inside the Preschool Entertainment Boom, or, How Television Became My Baby's Best Friend|last=Hayes|first=Dade|year=2008|publisher=Simon & Schuster|isbn=978-1-4165-6433-1}}
• {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IMVADwAAQBAJ&q=ding+dong+school&pg=PA38|title=TV in the USA: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas [3 volumes]|last=LoBrutto|first=Vincent|year=2017|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-4408-2973-4}}
• {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/womenpioneersint00odel|url-access=registration|quote=judith waller.|title=Women Pioneers in Television: Biographies of Fifteen Industry Leaders|last=O'Dell|first=Cary|year=1997|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-0167-3}}
• {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict0000ohle|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict0000ohle/page/168 168]|quote=frances horwich.|title=Biographical Dictionary of Modern American Educators|last1=Ohles|first1=Frederik|last2=Ohles|first2=Shirley M.|last3=Ramsay|first3=John G.|year=1997|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-3132-9133-3}}
• {{cite book|title=The Golden Age of Chicago Children's Television|last1=Okuda|first1=Ted|last2=Mulqueen|first2=Jack|year=2016|publisher=Southern Illinois University Press|isbn=978-0-8093-3536-7}}
• {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dA4tBAAAQBAJ&q=horwich+rogers&pg=PT281|title=Toys of the 50s, 60s and 70s|last1=Roberts|first1=Kate|last2=Scher|first2=Adam|year=2014|publisher=Minnesota Historical Society Press|isbn=978-0-8735-1941-0}}

• {{IMDb name|id=0395837|name=Dr. Frances Horwich}}
• [http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/horwich-frances Biography at Jewish Women's Archive]

{{Chicago Children's Television}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Horwich, Frances}}

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