Franglais#French sense

The word Franglais was first attested in French in 1959,{{citation |title=franglais, n. |date=December 2021 |url=https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/74203?redirectedFrom=franglais |work=OED Online |publisher=Oxford University Press |access-date=9 February 2022}} but it was popularised by the academic, novelist, and critic René Étiemble in his denunciation of the overuse of English words in French, {{Lang|fr|Parlez-vous franglais?}} published in 1964.Le petit Robert Earlier than the French term was the English label Frenglish, first recorded in 1937.{{cite journal | doi=10.1075/eww.00001.lam | title=A multitude of "lishes" | date=2018 | last1=Lambert | first1=James | journal=English World-Wide. A Journal of Varieties of English | volume=39 | pages=1–33 [14]}} Other colloquial blends for French-influenced English include Franglish (recorded from 1967), Frenchlish (1974), and Fringlish (1982).{{cite journal | doi=10.1075/eww.00001.lam | title=A multitude of "lishes" | date=2018 | last1=Lambert | first1=James | journal=English World-Wide. A Journal of Varieties of English | volume=39 | pages=1–33 [24]}}

{{original research|section|reason=The intro section lacks citations. |discuss=Talk:Franglais#Original research|date=April 2024}}

File:Enseignes La Rochelle.jpg, in western France, shows many examples of the English language.]]In English, Franglais means a combination of English and French. It evokes the linguistic concepts of mixed language and barbarism. Reasons for this blend could be caused by lexical gaps, native bilingualism, populations trying to imitate a language where they have no fluency (sometimes known as creoles/pidgins), or humorous intent. Franglais usually consists of either filling in gaps in one's knowledge of French with English words, using false friends, or speaking French which (although ostensibly "French") would not be understood by a French speaker who does not also have a knowledge of English (for example, by using a literal translation of English idiomatic phrases).

Some examples of Franglais are:

• Longtemps, pas voir.{{spaced ndash}}'Long time, no see.'{{cite magazine |last=Kington |first=Miles |author-link=Miles Kington |date=1983 |title=Let's Parler Franglais |magazine=Punch |location=London |volume=284 |issue=Part 1 |page=18 }}{{cite book |last=Brandreth |first=Gyles |title=Word Play: A cornucopia of puns, anagrams and other curiosities of the English language |publisher=Hodder & Stoughton |location=London |year=2015 |chapter=F is for Franglais Spoken Here}}
• Je vais driver downtown.{{spaced ndash}}'I'm going to drive downtown.' ({{lang|fr|Je vais conduire au centre-ville}}){{cite book |last=Zata |first=Mutia |title=Cas Cis Cus Lancar Bahasa Prancis tanpa Kursus |language=Indonesian |publisher=Ruang Kata |year=2014 |chapter=Bahasa Gaul di Prancis (La Langue des Jeunes) |page=227}}
• Je suis tired.{{spaced ndash}}'I am tired.' ({{lang|fr|Je suis fatigué(e)}}){{Cite book |last=Rouse |first=Arthur E. |title=Amglish in, Like, Ten Easy Lessons |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |location=Lanham, Maryland |year=2011 |page=188}}
• Je ne care pas.{{spaced ndash}}'I don't care.' ({{lang|fr|Ça m'est égal {{noitalic|or}} Je m'en fiche}}){{cite book |last=Bennett |first=Maisie |title=Golden Vanity |publisher=Mills & Boon, Ltd. |location=London |year=1912 |page=48}}
• J'agree.{{spaced ndash}}'I agree.' ({{lang|fr|D'accord}})

Chaucer's Prioress knew nothing of the French of France, but only that of Stratford-atte-Bow ('Cockney French'). Similar mixtures occur in the later stages of Law French, such as the famous defendant who "ject un brickbat a le dit Justice, que narrowly mist" ("threw a {{Linktext|brickbat}} at the said Justice, which narrowly missed").[https://books.google.com/books?id=1oG-VnnfBMYC&dq=ject+un+brickbat+a+le+dit+Justice%2C+que+narrowly+mist&pg=PA33 Legal Language], Peter Tiersma, p. 33

Another example in English literature is found in Henry V by William Shakespeare. In Act 3, Scene 4,{{cite web |title=Henry V (Modern, Folio) :: Internet Shakespeare Editions |url=http://internetshakespeare.uvic.ca/doc/H5_FM/scene/3.4/}} For best viewing of hypertext annotations, disable browser autotranslation. a French princess is trying to learn English, but unfortunately, foot as pronounced by her maid sounds too much like {{lang|fr|foutre}} (vulgar French for 'semen', or 'to have sexual intercourse' when used as a verb) and gown like {{lang|fr|con}} (French for 'cunt', also used to mean 'idiot'). She decides that English is too obscene.

A literary example of the delight in {{lang|fr|mélange}} occurs in Robert Surtees' Jorrocks' Jaunts and Jollities:

{{blockquote|You shall {{Lang|fr|manger cinq fois|italics=no}} every day," said she; "{{Lang|fr|cinq fois|italics=no}}," she repeated.—"Humph!" said Mr. Jorrocks to himself, "what can that mean?—{{not a typo|cank}} four—four times five's twenty—eat twenty times a day—not possible!" "{{Lang|fr|Oui, Monsieur, cinq fois|italics=no}}," repeated the Countess, telling the number off on her fingers—"Café at nine of the {{Lang|fr|matin, déjeuner à la fourchette|italics=no}} at {{Lang|fr|onze|italics=no}} o'clock, {{Lang|fr|dîner|italics=no}} at {{Lang|fr|cinq heure, café|italics=no}} at six hour, and {{Lang|fr|souper|italics=no}} at {{Lang|fr|neuf|italics=no}} hour.}}

The 19th-century American writer Mark Twain, in Innocents Abroad (1869), included the following letter to a Parisian landlord:{{Cite book |last=Twain |first=Mark |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/3176 |title=The Innocents Abroad |date=2004-06-22 |language=English |via=Project Gutenberg}}

{{cquote|PARIS, {{Lang|fr|le 7 Juillet. Monsieur le|italics=no}} Landlord—Sir: {{Lang|fr|Pourquoi|italics=no}} don't you {{Lang|fr|mettez|italics=no}} some savon in your bed-chambers? {{Lang|fr|Est-ce que vous pensez|italics=no}} I will steal it? {{Lang|fr|La nuit passée|italics=no}} you charged me {{Lang|fr|pour deux|italics=no}} chandelles when I only had one; {{Lang|fr|hier vous avez|italics=no}} charged me {{Lang|fr|avec|italics=no}} glace when I had none at all; {{Lang|fr|tout les jours|italics=no}} you are coming some fresh game or other on me, {{Lang|fr|mais vous ne pouvez pas|italics=no}} play this {{Lang|fr|savon|italics=no}} dodge on me twice. {{Lang|fr|Savon|italics=no}} is a necessary {{Lang|fr|de la vie|italics=no}} to any body but a Frenchman, {{Lang|fr|et je l'aurai hors de cet hotel|italics=no}} or make trouble. You hear me. {{Lang|fr|Allons.|italics=no}} BLUCHER.

}}

The humourist Miles Kington wrote a regular column "Let's Parler Franglais" which was published in the British magazine Punch in the late 1970s. These columns were collected into a series of books: Let's Parler Franglais, Let's Parler Franglais Again!, Parlez-vous Franglais?, Let's Parler Franglais One More Temps, The Franglais Lieutenant's Woman and Other Literary Masterpieces.

A somewhat different tack was taken in Luis van Rooten's Mots d'Heures: Gousses, Rames: The D'Antin Manuscript.1967, New York: Viking Adult, {{ISBN|0-670-49064-4}} Here, English nursery rhymes are written with meaningless French phrases which are meant to recall the sounds of the English words, and the resulting French texts are presented as a historical manuscript and given a pseudo-learned commentary.

Another classic is Jean Loup Chiflet's Sky My Husband! Ciel Mon Mari! which is a literal translation of French into English. However, in this context, the correct translation of {{lang|fr|ciel...!}} is 'heavens...!'

In Monty Python's 1975 movie Monty Python and the Holy Grail, the French castle guard (John Cleese) orders, when King Arthur (Graham Chapman) does not want to go away, his fellow guards to "Fetchez la vache." The other French guards respond with "{{lang|fr|Quoi?}}" and he repeats "Fetchez la vache!" The guards finally get it: fetch {{lang|fr|la vache}} ('the cow'), which they then catapult at the Britons.[http://www.montypython.net/grailwork1.php The French Castle scene from Monty Python and the Holy Grail].

{{essay|date=November 2018}}

{{more citations needed section|find=faux amis|find2=English loanwords|date=January 2022}}

In French, {{lang|fr|franglais}} refers to the use of English words sometimes deemed unwelcome borrowings or bad slang. An example would be {{lang|fr|le week-end}} (also {{lang|fr|weekend}}), which is used in many French dialects which have no synonym; however, Canadians would use {{lang|fr-CA|la fin de semaine}} ('the end of the week') instead, although {{lang|fr|fin de semaine}} in France refers to the end of the work week, i.e. Thursday and Friday. {{lang|fr|Franglais}} also refers to nouns coined from Anglo-Saxon roots or from recent English loanwords (themselves not always English in origin), often by adding -ing at the end of a popular word—e.g., {{lang|fr|un parking}} ('a car park or parking lot' is alternatively {{lang|fr-CA|un stationnement}} in Canadian French, although {{lang|fr|stationnement}} means 'the action of parking or the state of being parked' in European French); {{lang|fr|un camping}} ('a campsite'); and {{lang|fr|du shampoing}} ('shampoo', but pronounced {{IPA|fr|ʃɑ̃pwɛ̃|}}, not {{IPA|*/ʃɑ̃pu.iŋ/}}), which has been standardized and has appeared on many French hair-care product labels since at least the 1960s. A few words which have entered French are derived from English roots but are not found at all in English, such as {{lang|fr|un relooking}} ('a makeover'), and {{lang|fr|un rugbyman}} ('a rugby player'). Others are based on misunderstandings of English words, e.g.: un {{lang|fr|footing}} meaning 'a jog or a run' rather than 'a pediment'; {{lang|fr|un tramway}} meaning 'a tram', not 'a tram-track'. Still others are based on {{dubious span|text=misapprehensions of English punctuation, e.g. {{lang|fr|un pin's}}|date=January 2022|reason=no; it's to distinguish it from the singular form, which sounds like an obscenity}}{{original research inline|date=January 2022}} (with the apostrophe in both singular and plural) meaning 'a lapel pin'; or {{dubious span|text=word order, e.g. {{lang|fr|un talkie-walkie}}|date=January 2022|reason=Noun phrase word order in French is the opposite from English}}{{original research inline|date=January 2022}} meaning 'a walkie-talkie' (hand-held, two-way radio). For those who do not speak English, such words may be believed to exist as such in English. However, in Canada, where both English and French are spoken, expressions such as {{lang|fr|footing}} and {{lang|fr|relooking}} are not used.

Some examples of Franglais are in fact imagined or examples of words being adopted from one language into another in the opposite direction of what many people believe. People who have no linguistic training or do not bother to consult dictionaries tend to create and perpetuate such urban legends about Franglais. For example, many numismatists think that the French spelling {{lang|fr|piéfort}} of the English term piedfort results from an imagined reintroduction of an English misspelling. In fact, the spelling {{lang|fr|piéfort}} is found in French dictionaries as an alternative of {{lang|fr|pied-fort}} and even as the only spelling given in the 1932–1935 edition of the {{lang|fr|Dictionnaire de l'Académie française}}{{Cite web |title=PIEFORT : Définition de PIEFORT |url=https://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/academie8/piefort |access-date=2022-11-05 |website=Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales |language=fr}} and the etymology derived by professional linguists and shown in these dictionaries shows the change in spelling happened within French.[http://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/piefort Trésor de la langue française informatisé], 1971-1994[http://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/academie8/piefort 8th edition of the Dictionnaire de l'Académie française], 1932-1935

Owing to the worldwide popularity of the Internet, relatively new English words have been introduced into French (e.g. {{lang|fr|e-mail}} and {{lang|fr|mail}}, referring to either e-mail or an e-mail address). An equivalent for the English word e-mail derived from French roots was coined in Quebec French and promoted by Quebec government: {{lang|fr-CA|courriel}} (from {{lang|fr|courrier électronique}}), and this term is now widely used there. The Académie française has also suggested the use of the abbreviation {{lang|fr|mél.}} (from {{lang|fr|message électronique}}) as an analogy with the abbreviation {{lang|fr|tél.}} for 'telephone', to be used before an e-mail address;{{cite web |title=Langue française-Questions courantes |url=http://www.academie-francaise.fr/langue/questions.html#courriel |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010215034957/http://www.academie-francaise.fr/langue/questions.html |archive-date=2001-02-15}} {{Cite web |url=http://www.academie-francaise.fr/langue/questions.html |title=Langue française-Questions de langue |access-date=2011-08-26 |archive-date=2011-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514131914/http://www.academie-francaise.fr/langue/questions.html |url-status=dead }} however, the term {{lang|fr|mél.}}, which roughly approximates the English pronunciation of mail, is now used more broadly in France than that prescribed usage. Another example from French is the word {{lang|fr|look}}. The equivalent of the English verb to look at in French is {{lang|fr|regarder}} but the noun a look (i.e. the way that something looks or is styled) has become {{lang|fr|un look}} in French, such that the sentence "This Pepsi can has a new look" in French would be "{{lang|fr|Cette cannette de Pepsi a un nouveau look}}".

{{unreferenced section|find=franglais|find2=in France|date=January 2022}}

{{original research|section|reason=Use of English TV titles, brand names, service marks, and newspaper sections entirely in English are not Franglais.|date=April 2024}}

File:Carte de la Manche.png, a natural barrier between French- and English-speaking communities]]

After World War II, a backlash began in France over the growing use of English there. "Corruption of the national language" was perceived by some to be tantamount to an attack on the identity of the country itself. During this period, ever greater imports of American products led to the increasingly widespread use of some English phrases in French. Measures taken to slow this trend included government censorship of comic strips and financial support for the French film and French-language dubbing industries. Despite public policies against the spread of English, Franglais is gaining popularity in both writing and speaking.

In recent years, English expressions are increasingly present in French mass media:

• TV reality shows often use English titles such as Loft Story, Star Academy, Popstars, and Secret Story.
• A leading national newspaper, Le Monde, publishes a weekly article selection of The New York Times entirely in English and uses anglicisms such as newsletter, chat, and e-mail instead of French substitutions ({{lang|fr|bavardage}}/{{lang|fr|clavardage}} for 'chat' or {{Lang|fr|courriel}} for 'e-mail').
• Note that saying {{lang|fr|bavardage}} to a French person instead of Internet 'chat' may confuse them, since {{lang|fr|bavardage}} refers in France to real-life conversation and is rarely used in an Internet context. The word {{lang|fr-CA|clavardage}} (a blend of {{lang|fr|clavier}} 'keyboard' and {{lang|fr|bavarder}} 'chat') is hardly known outside of Canada. The word chat in writing can be confusing as well since it natively means 'cat' in French; thus, the unique respelling {{lang|fr|tchat}} is occasionally seen.
• In James Huth's blockbuster movie Brice de Nice (to be pronounced as if it were in English), Franglais is used in a satirical way to make fun of teens and other trendy people who use English words to sound cool.

Most telecommunication and Internet service providers use English and Franglais expressions in product names and advertising campaigns. The leading operator, France Télécom, has dropped the accents in its corporate logo. In recent years, it has changed its product names with trendier expressions such as Business Talk, Live-Zoom, Family Talk. France Télécom's mobile telecommunications subsidiary Orange SA runs a franchise retail network called {{Lang|fr|mobistores}}. Its Internet subsidiary, formerly known as Wanadoo (inspired by the American slang expression wanna do) provides a popular triple play service through its Livebox cable modem. The second-largest Internet service provider in France is Free, which offers its freebox. Set-top boxes that are offered by many other providers are also following this trend (e.g. Neuf-box, Alice-box, etc.) and the word box by itself is gradually ending up referring to these set-top boxes.

SNCF, the state-owned railway company, has recently introduced a customer fidelity program called S'Miles. Meanwhile, Air France has renamed its Fréquence Plus frequent flyer program to Flying Blue. The Paris transportation authority RATP has also recently introduced a contactless smartcard ticketing system (like the Oyster card in London) called NaviGO.

Public authorities such as the Académie française and the Conseil supérieur de la langue française generally propose alternative words for anglicisms. The acceptance of such words varies considerably; for example, {{lang|fr|ordinateur}} and {{lang|fr|logiciel}} existed before the English words computer and software reached France, so they are accepted (even outside France in the case of {{lang|fr|ordinateur}}). On the other hand, {{lang|fr|vacancelle}} failed to replace weekend or {{lang|fr-CA|fin de semaine}} (the latter being in current usage in Canada). The word {{Lang|fr|courriel}}, equivalent to 'e-mail', coined and used in French-speaking Canada, is gaining popularity in written European French. However, most French Internet users generally speak about mail without the prefix "e-". Note that English words are often shorter, and they are usually coined first (the French alternatives are generally thought of only after the original word has already been coined, and then they are debated at length before coming into use). This is partly why they tend to stay in use.

Alternative words proposed by the Académie française are sometimes poorly received by a technologically aware audience and unclear to a non-technologically aware audience. The proposed terms may be ambiguous (often because they are coined based on phonetics, thus hiding their etymology) which results in nonsense (e.g. {{lang|fr|cédéroms réinscriptibles}} for CD-RW (literally 'rewritable CD-ROMs', despite ROM meaning 'read-only memory'). Some words are considered uncool, for example, {{lang|fr|tchat}} (formed by adding t- to chat) or {{lang|fr|dévédé}} (formed by writing DVD phonetically).

The use of English expressions is very common in the youth language, which combines them with {{lang|fr|verlan}} wordplay. The letter j is thus sometimes humorously pronounced as in English in words such as {{lang|fr|jeunes}} ('youth'), rendered as /dʒœns/ and thus written {{lang|fr|djeun's}}, {{dubious span|text=to refer to this trend.|date=January 2022|reason=The slangy, intentional mis-pronunciation of 'jeunes' as /dʒœns/ is accurate, but has absolutely nothing to do with verlan.}}

File:Québec, Canada.svgQuebec is the only French-majority province in Canada and the only de jure (but not de facto) monolingual jurisdiction. New Brunswick is officially bilingual, and the other provinces, while mostly English-speaking, are not officially English-only.

When a speaker uses calques and loanwords in speech which includes English or French words and grammatical structures in a combination, it is sometimes referred to as Franglais, or a mixed language. The Montreal Gazette has examined this so-called "linguistic mosaic".{{cite web |title=Frenglish: Montreal's Word of Mouth - Montreal Gazette |url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/frenglish/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116071439/http://www.montrealgazette.com/news/frenglish/index.html |archive-date=2012-11-16}}

Quebec French has longstanding borrowings from English due to the historical coexistence of two speech communities within Quebec (and especially around Montreal). Likewise, Quebec English, the language of the English-speaking minority, has borrowed many French words such as dépanneur ('convenience store'), autoroute ('highway'), stage ('internship'), circular ('flyer', from the word {{lang|fr|circulaire}}, a circulated pamphlet), and many others {{crossreference|(see Quebec English)|printworthy=y}}. These are permanent and longstanding features of local usage, rather than the recent slangish improvisation by any speaker or affinity group with poor knowledge of the other language.{{cite news |date=2014-06-17 |title=Montreal from A to Z: I is for identity |language=en-US |work=Montreal Gazette |url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/montreal-from-a-to-z-i-is-for-identity |access-date=2018-04-16}}

These expressions have mainly become part of a common tongue/register born out of mutual concession to each other. In fact, the substantial bilingual community in and around Montreal will occasionally refer to Franglais, usually after it is pointed out by an observer that someone has used various French and English words, expressions or prepositions in the same sentence, a surprisingly common occurrence in various spoken registers.

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Canadian French is French as it is spoken in Canada. Scholars debate to what extent language mixture can be distinguished from other mechanisms, such as code-switching, substrata, or lexical borrowing. A mixed language arises in a population which is fluent in both languages.

The word Franglais refers to the long-standing and stable mixes of English and French spoken in some towns, cities, and rural areas of other Canadian provinces: New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Alberta, Manitoba, and Newfoundland. Such mixing is used in the northern regions of Maine (U.S.) (see Chiac and Acadian French). It has been asserted{{who|date=June 2019}} that this mix uses approximately equal proportions of each language (except in Newfoundland), although it is more likely to be understood by a French-speaker, since it usually uses English words in French pronunciation and grammar.

Franglais is commonly spoken in French-language schools in Ontario and Alberta, as well as in DSFM (Division scolaire franco-manitobaine) schools in Manitoba, where students may speak French as their first language but will use English as their preferred language, yet will refer to school-related terms in French specifically (e.g. "Let's go to the {{lang|fr|bibliothèque}}", instead of "Let's go to the library"). As many French schools and French immersion classes have a strict "French-only" policy, English or Franglais is used out of class, between students.{{citation needed|date=June 2019}}

Because of bilingual product packaging, speakers and readers may form new pronunciations that become terms. For example, someone may pronounce the words on a package of strong cheddar and call it "old fort".

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Franglais, in the sense of mistaken usage by second-language speakers, occurs across Canada. An example of an anglicism turned Franglais is the mistranslation of English phrases into French by students who are unaware of the Canadian French word. For example, a hot dog is sometimes called {{Lang|fr|un chien chaud}} when the French word is simply {{lang|fr|un hot dog}}. (However, the Quebec government has itself promoted expressions such as {{lang|fr-CA|chien chaud}} for 'hot dog', and {{lang|fr-CA|hambourgeois}} for 'hamburger', neither of which has gained widespread acceptance.) In some ways, confusion over which expression is more correct, and the emphasis that many immersion schools place on eliminating anglicisms from students' vocabulary, has promoted the use of Franglais.{{Citation needed|date=February 2008}} Franglais can also slowly creep into use from mispronunciation and misspelling by many bilingual Canadians. Common mistakes that immersion or bilingual students propagate include incorrect inflection and stresses on syllables, incorrect doubling of consonants, strange vowel combinations in their spelling and using combinations of prefixes and suffixes from English.

Recently{{when|date=November 2018}}, Canadian youth culture (especially in British Columbia and southeastern Ontario) purposely uses Franglais for its comical or euphemistic characteristics, for example, in replacing English swear words with French ones. Some English-speaking Canadians, especially Anglo-Quebecers and those in southeastern Ontario, euphemistically use the {{lang|fr-CA|Québécois sacres}} (i.e., religious words such as {{lang|fr|sacrament}} as expletives) rather than swearing in English.

{{main|Pseudo-anglicism}}

{{unreferenced section|find=Pseudo-anglicisms|find2=in French|date=January 2022}}

There is a particular form of Franglish which consists of the adoption of English words with alternative meanings to their usage in English.

These are words like {{lang|fr|forcing}} ('a scramble', 'a rush', 'a strong effort'), or {{lang|fr|bronzing}} ('a tan', 'the act of sunbathing'), made by adding the English ending -ing to a verb from French (e.g. {{lang|fr|forcer}} 'to force' or {{lang|fr|bronzer}} 'to tan') to form a new noun. These are slang or informal at best, and not widely accepted.

Another type of false anglicism comes from the shortening of an English name, keeping only the first word (while the important word is the last). For example, a dress suit is designated by the word {{lang|fr|smoking}}, borrowed ultimately from 'smoking jacket'. Yet the British use dinner jacket and Americans use tuxedo (or tux); in English, smoking is used only as a participle and as the gerund. Another example is the use of the word {{lang|fr|clap}} for 'clapperboard' used in filmmaking.

They are either French constructions which mimic English rules, or shifts of meaning which affect borrowings.

{{main|Camfranglais}}

Cameroon has substantial English and French-speaking populations as a legacy of its colonial past as British Southern Cameroons and French Cameroun. Despite linguistically segregated education since independence, many younger Cameroonians in urban centres have formed a version of Franglais/Franglish from English, French and Cameroonian Pidgin English known as Camfranglais or Frananglais. Many educational authorities disapprove of it, and they have banned it in their schools. Nevertheless, the youth-culture argot has gained popularity and has a growing music scene.{{cite news |date=2007-02-20 |title=New language for divided Cameroon |language=en-GB |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6376389.stm |access-date=2018-04-16}}

{{See also|Global English}}

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Franglais is spoken in London, due to its large French-speaking population.

Franglais also thrives in communities where imperfect English–French bilingualism is common. The United Nations Office at Geneva is so named in an imitation of the French {{lang|fr|à Genève}}, rather than the expected "in Geneva".

Another example is provided by the civil servants in European Union institutions (European Parliament, European Commission, European Court of Justice), based in bilingual Brussels (French and Dutch) and Luxembourg City (Luxembourgish and German). They often work in English, but they are surrounded by a French-speaking environment, which influences their English (e.g. "I'm a stagiaire at the Commission and I'm looking for another stage in a consultancy", referring to internships).

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• A notable song with substantial Franglais lyrics was "(Si Si) Je Suis un Rock Star", written and recorded by Bill Wyman. The record reached #14 in the UK Singles Chart in 1981.
• The song "Je Suis Une Dolly" by Dolly Rockers references French culture whilst singing to a Frenchman.
• The song "For Me, for Me, Formidable" by Charles Aznavour relates the struggle of a French singer trying to sing a love song to an English girl.
• The song "I Want to Pogne" by Rock et Belles Oreilles.
• "It is not because you are" by Renaud.
• "I went to the market, mon p'tit panier sous mon bras", a popular Acadian song made famous by Gilles Vigneault.
• "Michelle" by the Beatles ('Michelle, ma belle, these are words that go together well: ma Michelle' and more).
• "L'amour à la française", French entry at the Eurovision Song Contest 2007.
• Québécois musician Daniel Lanois has written many songs in Franglais, including "O Marie" and "Under a Stormy Sky" from his 1989 album Acadie and "The Collection of Marie Claire" from his 1993 album For the Beauty of Wynona.

{{Portal|Languages}}

• Post-creole continuum
• Cultural identity and Cultural imperialism
• Creole language
• Code-switching
• Loanword
• Dunglish
• Spanglish
• Béarlachas

{{reflist}}

{{Wiktionary}}

• [http://www.yrad.com/franglais/ La petite lesson en Franglais]
• [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/7221918.stm Au revoir Mister Franglais] BBC reporting on the death of Miles Kington
• [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/11/23/AR2005112302056.html Le Grande Thanksgiving] by Art Buchwald

{{interlanguage varieties}}

Category:Macaronic forms of English

Category:Macaronic forms of French