Frank Hu

A native of Hubei Province, China, Hu received his M.D. from the Tongji Medical University (now Tongji Medical College of the Huazhong University of Science and Technology) in Wuhan in 1988, and his Ph.D. from the University of Illinois at Chicago in 1996.

Hu's research has focused on diet/lifestyle, metabolic, and genetic determinants of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). His group has conducted detailed analyses of many dietary and lifestyle factors and risk of diabetes and CVD, including sugar-sweetened beverages, coffee,{{cite journal | title=Long-term coffee consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies | pmid=24201300 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005925 | volume=129 | issue=6 | date=February 2014 | journal=Circulation | pages=643–59 | last1 = Ding | first1 = M | last2 = Bhupathiraju | first2 = SN | last3 = Satija | first3 = A | last4 = van Dam | first4 = RM | last5 = Hu | first5 = FB| pmc = 3945962 }}{{cite journal | title=Caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and a dose-response meta-analysis | pmid=24459154 | doi=10.2337/dc13-1203 | pmc=3898757 | volume=37 | issue=2 | year=2014 | journal=Diabetes Care | pages=569–86 | last1 = Ding | first1 = M | last2 = Bhupathiraju | first2 = SN | last3 = Chen | first3 = M | last4 = van Dam | first4 = RM | last5 = Hu | first5 = FB}}{{cite journal | title=Association of Coffee Consumption With Total and Cause-Specific Mortality in 3 Large Prospective Cohorts | pmid=26572796 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017341 | pmc=4679527 | volume=132 | issue=24 | journal=Circulation | pages=2305–15 | last1 = Ding | first1 = M | last2 = Satija | first2 = A | last3 = Bhupathiraju | first3 = SN | last4 = Hu | first4 = Y | last5 = Sun | first5 = Q | last6 = Han | first6 = J | last7 = Lopez-Garcia | first7 = E | last8 = Willett | first8 = W | last9 = van Dam | first9 = RM | last10 = Hu | first10 = FB| year=2015 }} red meat,{{cite journal | title=Red meat consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: 3 cohorts of US adults and an updated meta-analysis | pmid=21831992 | doi=10.3945/ajcn.111.018978 | pmc=3173026 | volume=94 | issue=4 | date=October 2011 | journal=Am. J. Clin. Nutr. | pages=1088–96 | last1 = Pan | first1 = A | last2 = Sun | first2 = Q | last3 = Bernstein | first3 = AM |display-authors=etal}}{{cite journal | title=Red meat consumption and mortality: results from 2 prospective cohort studies | pmid=22412075 | doi=10.1001/archinternmed.2011.2287 | pmc=3712342 | volume=172 | issue=7 | year=2012 | journal=Arch. Intern. Med. | pages=555–63 | last1 = Pan | first1 = A | last2 = Sun | first2 = Q | last3 = Bernstein | first3 = AM | last4 = Schulze | first4 = MB | last5 = Manson | first5 = JE | last6 = Stampfer | first6 = MJ | last7 = Willett | first7 = WC | last8 = Hu | first8 = FB}} saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, iron,{{cite journal | title=Body iron stores in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes in apparently healthy women | pmid=14871914 | doi=10.1001/jama.291.6.711 | volume=291 | issue=6 | journal=JAMA | pages=711–7 | last1 = Jiang | first1 = R | last2 = Manson | first2 = JE | last3 = Meigs | first3 = JB | last4 = Ma | first4 = J | last5 = Rifai | first5 = N | last6 = Hu | first6 = FB| year=2004 | doi-access = }} and dietary patterns.{{cite journal | title=Low-carbohydrate-diet score and the risk of coronary heart disease in women | pmid=17093250 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa055317 | volume=355 | issue=19 | date=November 2006 | journal=N. Engl. J. Med. | pages=1991–2002 | last1 = Halton | first1 = TL | last2 = Willett | first2 = WC | last3 = Liu | first3 = S |display-authors=etal| doi-access=free }}{{cite journal | title=Dietary patterns and risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all causes in a prospective cohort of women | pmid=18574045 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.771881 | pmc=2748772 | volume=118 | issue=3 | date=July 2008 | journal=Circulation | pages=230–7 | last1 = Heidemann | first1 = C | last2 = Schulze | first2 = MB | last3 = Franco | first3 = OH | last4 = van Dam | first4 = RM | last5 = Mantzoros | first5 = CS | last6 = Hu | first6 = FB}}{{cite journal | title=Plant-Based Dietary Patterns and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in US Men and Women: Results from Three Prospective Cohort Studies | pmid=27299701 | doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002039 | pmc=4907448 | volume=13 | issue=6 | year=2016 | journal=PLOS Med. | page=e1002039 | last1 = Satija | first1 = A | last2 = Bhupathiraju | first2 = SN | last3 = Rimm | first3 = EB | last4 = Spiegelman | first4 = D | last5 = Chiuve | first5 = SE | last6 = Borgi | first6 = L | last7 = Willett | first7 = WC | last8 = Manson | first8 = JE | last9 = Sun | first9 = Q | last10 = Hu | first10 = FB | doi-access=free }} These findings have contributed to current public health recommendations and policies for prevention of chronic diseases. Dr. Hu's group has also identified novel biomarkers (e.g., adipokines and nutrient metabolites){{cite journal | title=Total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin and resistin in relation to the risk for type 2 diabetes in women | pmid=18765700 | pmc=3874083 | volume=149 | issue=5 | journal=Ann Intern Med | pages=307–16 | last1 = Heidemann | first1 = C | last2 = Sun | first2 = Q | last3 = van Dam | first3 = RM | last4 = Meigs | first4 = JB | last5 = Zhang | first5 = C | last6 = Tworoger | first6 = SS | last7 = Mantzoros | first7 = CS | last8 = Hu | first8 = FB | doi=10.7326/0003-4819-149-5-200809020-00005| year=2008 }}{{cite journal | title=Metabolomics in Prediabetes and Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis | pmid=27208380 | doi=10.2337/dc15-2251 | pmc=4839172 | volume=39 | issue=5 | journal=Diabetes Care | pages=833–46 | last1 = Guasch-Ferré | first1 = M | last2 = Hruby | first2 = A | last3 = Toledo | first3 = E | last4 = Clish | first4 = CB | last5 = Martínez-González | first5 = MA | last6 = Salas-Salvadó | first6 = J | last7 = Hu | first7 = FB| year=2016 }} and gene-environment interactions{{cite journal | title=Sugar-sweetened beverages and genetic risk of obesity | pmid=22998338 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1203039 | pmc=3518794 | volume=367 | issue=15 | journal=N Engl J Med | pages=1387–96 | last1 = Qi | first1 = Q | last2 = Chu | first2 = AY | last3 = Kang | first3 = JH | last4 = Jensen | first4 = MK | last5 = Curhan | first5 = GC | last6 = Pasquale | first6 = LR | last7 = Ridker | first7 = PM | last8 = Hunter | first8 = DJ | last9 = Willett | first9 = WC | last10 = Rimm | first10 = EB | last11 = Chasman | first11 = DI | last12 = Hu | first12 = FB | last13 = Qi | first13 = L| year=2012 }}{{cite journal | title=Gene-environment interactions in the development of type 2 diabetes: recent progress and continuing challenges | pmid=22540253 | doi=10.1146/annurev-nutr-071811-150648 | volume=32 | journal=Annu Rev Nutr | pages=245–59 | last1 = Cornelis | first1 = MC | last2 = Hu | first2 = FB| year=2012 }} in relation to risk of obesity and diabetes by integrating cutting-edge omics technologies into epidemiological studies (Systems Epidemiology approach).{{cite journal | title=Systems Epidemiology: A New Direction in Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Research | pmid=24278790 | doi=10.1007/s13668-013-0052-4 | pmc=3837346 | volume=2 | issue=4 | journal=Curr Nutr Rep | last1 = Cornelis | first1 = MC | last2 = Hu | first2 = FB | pages=225–235| year=2013 }} In addition, Dr. Hu has been collaborating with researchers from China to study nutrition transition, metabolic phenotypes, and cardiovascular disease in Chinese populations.{{cite journal | title=Exposure to the Chinese famine in early life and the risk of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes in adulthood | pmid=20622161 | doi=10.2337/db10-0385 | pmc=3279550 | volume=59 | issue=10 | journal=Diabetes | pages=2400–6 | last1 = Li | first1 = Y | last2 = He | first2 = Y | last3 = Qi | first3 = L | last4 = Jaddoe | first4 = VW | last5 = Feskens | first5 = EJ | last6 = Yang | first6 = X | last7 = Ma | first7 = G | last8 = Hu | first8 = FB| year=2010 }}{{cite journal | title=Potential Impact of Time Trend of Life-Style Factors on Cardiovascular Disease Burden in China | pmid=27539174 | pmc=5850940 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2016.06.011 | volume=68 | issue=8 | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | pages=818–33 | last1 = Li | first1 = Y | last2 = Wang | first2 = DD | last3 = Ley | first3 = SH | last4 = Howard | first4 = AG | last5 = He | first5 = Y | last6 = Lu | first6 = Y | last7 = Danaei | first7 = G | last8 = Hu | first8 = FB| year=2016 }} His researches have also extended to global nutrition, obesity and policy issues.{{cite journal | title=Global obesity: trends, risk factors and policy implications | pmid=23165161 | doi=10.1038/nrendo.2012.199 | volume=9 | issue=1 | journal=Nat Rev Endocrinol | pages=13–27 | last1 = Malik | first1 = VS | last2 = Willett | first2 = WC | last3 = Hu | first3 = FB| year=2013 | s2cid=23999153 }}{{cite journal | title=Globalization of diabetes: The role of diet, lifestyle, and genes (The Kelly West Lecture) | pmid=21617109 | doi=10.2337/dc11-0442 | pmc=3114340 | volume=34 | issue=6 | journal=Diabetes Care | pages=1249–57 | last1 = Hu | first1 = FB| url=https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/10403690/3114340.pdf?sequence=1 | year=2011 }}

In 1997, he published a study showing that types of fat are more important than total amount of fat in determining risk of heart disease in the Nurses' Health Study.{{Cite journal | last1 = Hu | first1 = F. B. | last2 = Stampfer | first2 = M. J. | last3 = Manson | first3 = J. E. | last4 = Rimm | first4 = E. | last5 = Colditz | first5 = G. A. | last6 = Rosner | first6 = B. A. | last7 = Hennekens | first7 = C. H. | last8 = Willett | first8 = W. C. | doi = 10.1056/NEJM199711203372102 | title = Dietary Fat Intake and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women | journal = New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 337 | issue = 21 | pages = 1491–1499 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9366580 | doi-access = free }} His recent work shows that unsaturated fats, especially polyunsaturated fats, and/or high-quality carbohydrates can be used to replace saturated fats to reduce coronary heart disease risk in the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study.{{Cite journal | last1 = Li | first1 = Y | last2 = Hruby | first2 = A | last3 = Bernstein | first3 = A. M. | last4 = Ley | first4 = S. H. | last5 = Wang | first5 = D. D. | last6 = Chiuve | first6 = S. E. | last7 = Sampson | first7 = L. | last8 = Rexrode | first8 = K. M. | last9 = Rimm | first9 = E. B. | last10 = Willett | first10 = W. C. | last11 = Hu | first11 = F. B. | doi = 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.07.055 | title = Saturated Fats Compared With Unsaturated Fats and Sources of Carbohydrates in Relation to Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study | journal = J Am Coll Cardiol | volume = 66 | issue = 14 | pages = 1538–48 | year = 2015 | pmid = 26429077 | pmc = 4593072}}{{cite journal | title=Intake of individual saturated fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease in US men and women: two prospective longitudinal cohort studies | pmid=27881409 | pmc=5121105 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.i5796 | volume=355 | journal=BMJ | page=i5796 | last1 = Zong | first1 = G | last2 = Li | first2 = Y | last3 = Wanders | first3 = AJ | last4 = Alssema | first4 = M | last5 = Zock | first5 = PL | last6 = Willett | first6 = WC | last7 = Hu | first7 = FB | last8 = Sun | first8 = Q| year=2016 }}

In 2001, Hu published a study to quantify the preventability of type 2 diabetes through diet and lifestyle,{{Cite journal | pmid = 11556298| year = 2001| last1 = Hu| first1 = F. B.| title = Diet, lifestyle, and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women| journal = New England Journal of Medicine| volume = 345| issue = 11| pages = 790–7| last2 = Manson| first2 = J. E.| last3 = Stampfer| first3 = M. J.| last4 = Colditz| first4 = G| last5 = Liu| first5 = S| last6 = Solomon| first6 = C. G.| last7 = Willett| first7 = W. C.| doi = 10.1056/NEJMoa010492| url = http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:58959/UQ58959_OA.pdf}} showing that up to 90% of diabetes cases can be prevented by eating a healthy diet, maintaining normal weight, exercising regularly, not smoking tobacco, and consuming alcohol moderately.

Hu has conducted extensive research on sugar-sweetened beverages and the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.{{Cite journal | pmid = 15328324| year = 2004| last1 = Schulze| first1 = M. B.| title = Sugar-sweetened beverages, weight gain, and incidence of type 2 diabetes in young and middle-aged women| journal = JAMA| volume = 292| issue = 8| pages = 927–34| last2 = Manson| first2 = J. E.| last3 = Ludwig| first3 = D. S.| last4 = Colditz| first4 = G. A.| last5 = Stampfer| first5 = M. J.| last6 = Willett| first6 = W. C.| last7 = Hu| first7 = F. B.| doi = 10.1001/jama.292.8.927}}{{Cite journal | last1 = Malik | first1 = V. S. | last2 = Schulze | first2 = M. B. | last3 = Hu | first3 = F. B. | title = Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain: A systematic review | journal = The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | volume = 84| issue = 2 | pages = 274–288 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16895873 | pmc = 3210834| doi = 10.1093/AJCN/84.2.274 }}{{Cite journal

| pmid = 20308626

| pmc = 2862465

| year = 2010

| last1 = Malik

| first1 = V. S.

| title = Sugar-sweetened beverages, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease risk

| journal = Circulation

| volume = 121

| issue = 11

| pages = 1356–64

| last2 = Popkin

| first2 = B. M.

| last3 = Bray

| first3 = G. A.

| last4 = Després

| first4 = J. P.

| last5 = Hu

| first5 = F. B.

| doi = 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.876185

}}{{Cite journal

| last1 = Malik | first1 = V. S.

| last2 = Popkin | first2 = B. M.

| last3 = Bray | first3 = G. A.

| last4 = Despres | first4 = J. -P.

| last5 = Willett | first5 = W. C.

| last6 = Hu | first6 = F. B.

| doi = 10.2337/dc10-1079

| title = Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes: A meta-analysis

| journal = Diabetes Care

| volume = 33

| issue = 11

| pages = 2477–2483

| year = 2010

| pmid = 20693348

| pmc =2963518

}}{{Cite journal

| pmid = 21430119

| pmc = 3095502

| year = 2011

| last1 = De Koning

| first1 = L

| title = Sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened beverage consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in men

| journal = American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

| volume = 93

| issue = 6

| pages = 1321–7

| last2 = Malik

| first2 = V. S.

| last3 = Rimm

| first3 = E. B.

| last4 = Willett

| first4 = W. C.

| last5 = Hu

| first5 = F. B.

| doi = 10.3945/ajcn.110.007922

}}{{Cite journal

| pmid = 22412070

| pmc = 3368965

| year = 2012

| last1 = De Koning

| first1 = L

| title = Sweetened beverage consumption, incident coronary heart disease, and biomarkers of risk in men

| journal = Circulation

| volume = 125

| issue = 14

| pages = 1735–41, S1

| last2 = Malik

| first2 = V. S.

| last3 = Kellogg

| first3 = M. D.

| last4 = Rimm

| first4 = E. B.

| last5 = Willett

| first5 = W. C.

| last6 = Hu

| first6 = F. B.

| doi = 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.067017

}}{{Cite journal

| pmid = 23966427

| pmc = 3778861

| year = 2013

| last1 = Malik

| first1 = V. S.

| title = Sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain in children and adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

| journal = American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

| volume = 98

| issue = 4

| pages = 1084–102

| last2 = Pan

| first2 = A

| last3 = Willett

| first3 = W. C.

| last4 = Hu

| first4 = F. B.

| doi = 10.3945/ajcn.113.058362

}}{{Cite journal

| pmid = 23763695

| year = 2013

| last1 = Hu

| first1 = F. B.

| title = Resolved: There is sufficient scientific evidence that decreasing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption will reduce the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related diseases

| journal = Obesity Reviews

| volume = 14

| issue = 8

| pages = 606–19

| doi = 10.1111/obr.12040

| pmc = 5325726

}}{{Cite journal

| pmid = 26429086

| year = 2015

| last1 = Malik

| first1 = V. S.

| title = Fructose and Cardiometabolic Health: What the Evidence From Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Tells Us.

| journal = Journal of the American College of Cardiology

| volume = 66

| issue = 14

| pages = 1615–24

| last2 = Hu

| first2 = F. B.

| doi = 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.08.025

| pmc=4592517

}}

Dr. Hu is a recipient of the Kelly West Award for Outstanding Achievement in Epidemiology from the American Diabetes Association in 2010.{{cite web | url=http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/features/frank-hu-diabetes-award-html | title=Frank Hu receives award for diabetes epidemiology research.| date=23 June 2010}}{{cite web | url=http://www.diabetes.org/about-us/national-achievement-awards/national-scientific-and-health-care-achievement-awards/kelly-m-west-award.html | title=Kelly M. West Award. | access-date=2014-10-21 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021155606/http://www.diabetes.org/about-us/national-achievement-awards/national-scientific-and-health-care-achievement-awards/kelly-m-west-award.html | archive-date=2014-10-21 | url-status=dead }} He served on the IOM Committee on Preventing the Global Epidemic of Cardiovascular Disease: Meeting the Challenges in Developing Countries (2009-2010),{{cite book | chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK45692 | title=Promoting Cardiovascular Health in the Developing World: A Critical Challenge to Achieve Global Health.| chapter=Committee and Staff Biographies| date=2010| publisher=National Academies Press (US)}} and the AHA/ACC Obesity Guidelines Expert Panel (2008-2013).{{cite web | url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-pro/guidelines/in-develop/obesity-evidence-review/expert-panel-members.htm | title=Managing Overweight and Obesity in Adults: Systematic Evidence Review from the Obesity Expert Panel.}} Dr. Hu also served on the 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, USDA/HHS.{{cite web | url=https://www.hhs.gov/news/press/2013pres/05/20130531a.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606191132/http://www.hhs.gov/news/press/2013pres/05/20130531a.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=June 6, 2013 | title=HHS AND USDA announce the appointment of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee.}} He is the principal author of a textbook on Obesity Epidemiology (Oxford University Press, 2008).{{cite web | url=http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195312911.001.0001/acprof-9780195312911 | title=Obesity Epidemiology}}

{{Reflist}}

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• [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=9Wq1xSUAAAAJ Frank Hu] at Google Scholar

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hu, Frank}}

Category:1966 births

Category:Living people

Category:Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health faculty

Category:Chinese emigrants to the United States

Category:Scientists from Hubei

Category:University of Illinois Chicago alumni

Category:American food scientists

Category:American nutritionists

Category:Huazhong University of Science and Technology alumni

Category:Harvard Medical School faculty

Category:American public health doctors

Category:Members of the National Academy of Medicine