Frank Ruddle

Ruddle's parents, Thomas H. Ruddle and Mary Henley Rhodda Ruddle, immigrated from the United Kingdom to West New York, New Jersey, where Frank was born on August 19, 1929.{{Cite journal|last1=Kucherlapati|first1=Raju|last2=Leinwand|first2=Leslie A.|date=2013|title=Frank Ruddle (1929–2013)|journal=American Journal of Human Genetics|volume=92|issue=6|pages=839–840|doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.05.012|pmc=3675234|pmid=24242788}}{{Cite web|title=Professor Frank Ruddle {{!}} Biographical summary|url=https://www.whatisbiotechnology.org/|access-date=2021-10-16|website=WhatisBiotechnology.org|language=en}} He grew up in Mariemont, Ohio, where Ruddle spent a lot of his childhood near the Ohio River. Leaving high school early, Frank became a member of the United States Air Force in 1946 and fought for the country up until the year 1949.{{Cite journal|last=Kucherlapati|first=Raju|date=2013-06-11|title=Francis H. Ruddle (1929–2013): A Pioneer in Human Gene Mapping|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=110|issue=24|pages=9619–9620|doi=10.1073/pnas.1308094110 | pmc=3683742|issn=0027-8424|pmid=23716665|bibcode=2013PNAS..110.9619K |doi-access=free }} With the help of the GI Bill, Frank was able to continue his education at Wayne State University, where he earned both his bachelor's degree and master's degree just two years apart. During the year of 1960, he received his Ph.D. in zoology at the University of California at Berkeley.

In 1961, the Yale University's biology department welcomed Ruddle.{{Cite web|date=2013-03-13|title=In memoriam: Francis (Frank) Ruddle|url=https://news.yale.edu/2013/03/13/memoriam-francis-frank-ruddle|access-date=2021-11-04|website=YaleNews|language=en}} It was here where he devoted his time to analyzing the genetics of somatic cells and recombination of DNA. His thorough efforts and understanding of human gene mapping is what his research mainly consisted of.{{Cite web|title=University of Glasgow :: Story :: Biography of Frank Ruddle|url=https://www.universitystory.gla.ac.uk/biography/?id=WH25166&type=P|access-date=2021-11-04|website=www.universitystory.gla.ac.uk}}{{Cite news|last=Fox|first=Margalit|date=2013-03-20|title=Francis Ruddle, Who Led Transgenic Research, Dies at 83|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/20/science/francis-ruddle-who-led-transgenic-research-dies-at-83.html|access-date=2021-11-04|issn=0362-4331}} Ruddle started his research and experimentation at Yale, and his work in the lab contributed to the development of the Human Genome Project. Wanting to explore his research further to learn more on human disease, Ruddle dedicated his time to transferring human genes into mice. It was during the year of 1981 that Ruddle and his team's research was first published, announcing that they had created the first ever transgenic mouse, by completely changing the arrangement of their genes. The scientists were able to successfully transfer genes from two viruses known as Herpes simplex and SV-40, into new fertilized mouse eggs, which were then inserted into female mice. The outcome consisted of animals that were partially mouse and partially non-mouse. In 1974, Ruddle created the first ever Human Gene Mapping Workshop, and twelve years later, with Victor McKusick, began creating a new journal named Genomics, which the name now represents a whole branch of study.{{Cite journal|last=Kucherlapati|first=Raju|date=2013-06-11|title=Francis H. Ruddle (1929–2013): A Pioneer in Human Gene Mapping|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=110|issue=24|pages=9619–9620|doi=10.1073/pnas.1308094110 | pmc=3683742 |issn=0027-8424|pmid=23716665|bibcode=2013PNAS..110.9619K |doi-access=free }} The journal documented the development of many different fields connected to gene mapping.

In 1971, Ruddle became the president of the Society for Developmental Biology, and in 1985 he was also the American Society of Human Genetics' president. Two years later, he became the president of the American Society of Cell Biology.{{Cite journal|last=Kucherlapati|first=Raju|date=2013-06-11|title=Francis H. Ruddle (1929–2013): A Pioneer in Human Gene Mapping|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=110|issue=24|pages=9619–9620|doi=10.1073/pnas.1308094110|pmc=3683742|issn=0027-8424|pmid=23716665|bibcode=2013PNAS..110.9619K |doi-access=free }} Frank was honored many times for his achievements. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1976, the Institute of Medicine in 1985, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1977. In 1983, Ruddle received the William Alan Memorial Award by the American Society of Human Genetics. Ruddle also received the Dickson Prize in Medicine. Throughout his entire career, he contributed more than 900 publications to the field.

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Category:1929 births

Category:2013 deaths

Category:Yale Sterling Professors

Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences

Category:Members of the National Academy of Medicine