Franz M. Matschinsky

{{Infobox scientist

| name = Franz Maximilian Matschinsky

| image =

| birth_name =

| birth_date = {{birth date |1931|07|17}}

| birth_place = Breslau, then Germany, now Wrocław, Poland

| death_date = {{death date and age |2022|03|31|1931|07|17}}

| death_place = Wallingford, Pennsylvania

| fields = Medicine, biochemistry, pharmacology

| workplaces = Washington University in St. Louis
University of Pennsylvania

| education = Herzog-Heinrich-Schule Liegnitz, Marien-Gymnasium Werl, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (M.D. 1959), Max Planck Institute for Cell Biology, Ladenburg

| thesis_title = On the mechanism of the Amanita phalloides toxin phalloidin

| thesis_year = 1959

| doctoral_advisor = Heinrich Otto Wieland

| academic_advisors = Feodor Lynen
Oliver H. Lowry

| known_for = The role of hexokinase D in type 2 diabetes

| awards = Banting Medal of the American Diabetes Association

| spouse = Elke Fritz

| children = 3

}}

Franz Maximilian Matschinsky (July 17, 1931 – March 31, 2022) was a German-American medical doctor, pharmacologist, and biochemist. He conducted research in the field of insulin secretion and diabetes therapy.https://www.med.upenn.edu/idom/memorial.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220429115411/https://www.med.upenn.edu/idom/memorial.html |date=2022-04-29 }} Memorial at Penn University

Life

Franz M. Matschinsky was born on July 17, 1931, in Breslau, then Germany. He initially grew up in the village of Rothbrünnig Kreis Goldberg (today Brennik, Złotoryja County) in Silesia, where his parents managed a farm. He attended the municipal high school Herzog-Heinrich-Schule in Liegnitz until 1945. In 1946, as a result of the expulsion after the Second World War, the family ended up in the village of Westönnen near Werl (Soest district) in the British Zone of what was later West-Germany. Matschinsky continued his schooling at the Marien-Gymnasium Werl, where he graduated in 1953.

Matschinsky received a BS in Basic Medical Science from the Albert Ludwig University (1953-1955) and then moved to Ludwig Maximilian University (1955-1959). He received his M.D. in 1959 under Heinrich Otto Wieland on the topic of "On the mechanism of the Amanita phalloides toxin phalloidin". During his studies, he spent about one year under Feodor Lynen's personal supervision at the Max Planck Institute of Cell Chemistry in Munich (1955/1956) as a scholarship holder of the German Studienstiftung.

Two years as a postdoctoral fellow in Wieland's laboratory were followed by a period as a medical intern at the Marienhospital in Hagen (1961-1963). During this time he married Elke Fritzhttps://www.lyonsfs.com/memorials/elke-matschinsky/4005714/index.php Obituary Elke Matschinsky to whom he was married until her death in 2019. The couple had a daughter and two sons. Shortly after the birth of their first child, he continued his scientific training with Oliver H. Lowry in the department of pharmacology at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri, United States (1963-1965). At this university, he was then Assistant (1965-1968), Associate (1968-1972), and Full Professor of Pharmacology (1972-1978).

In 1978, he moved to Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, where he became director of the diabetes center (until 1998) and professor of biochemistry and biophysics. During this time, he was also full professor of these subjects at the school of medicine (1984-1993).

He was active in research and teaching until his retirement in 2021.[https://www.med.upenn.edu/asef/assets/user-content/PSOM%202021%20Retiree%20Slideshow.pdf PSOM 2021 Retiree Slideshow] Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania He died on March 31, 2022, at his home in Wallingford near Philadelphia.

Research

After moving to the US he studied the metabolism of the insulin-producing pancreatic islets and ultimately discovered the essential role of glucokinase (liver and pancreas hexokinase)The liver and pancreatic hexokinase D is no more specific for glucose than the other mammalian hexokinase isoenzymes, and strictly the name glucokinase refers to enzymes of bacteria that are highly specific for glucose. However, it is almost universally applied to hexokinase D.{{cite journal | doi= 10.1042/bj2220363|journal = Biochem. J. | volume = 222|number=2|pages = 363–370|year = 1984|last1 = Cárdenas|first1 = M. L.|last2 = Rabajille|first2 = E. |last3 = Niemeyer| first3 = H.|title = Fructose is a good substrate for rat-liver glucokinase (hexokinase D)|pmid = 6477520 |pmc = 1144187 }} in the regulation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.Matschinsky FM, Ellerman JE: Metabolism of glucose in islets of Langerhans. J Biol Chem 243:2730-2736, 1968 In subsequent studies, Matschinsky illuminated a role for manipulation of glucokinase in correcting metabolic defects in human pancreatic islet cells and other tissues involved in type 2 diabetes. Current knowledge on the role of glucokinase in the β cell and its misfunction causing diabetes is to a large extent based on work conducted by Matschinsky over the years. He published over 300 papers{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/F-M-Matschinsky-39499801|title=Researchgate: F.M. Matschinsky|access-date=2022-04-29|archive-date=2023-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219011105/https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/F-M-Matschinsky-39499801|url-status=live}} over his career. He was editor-in-chief of Diabetes (2002 - 2006).[https://diabetesjournals.org/diabetes/article/56/1/1/12767/New-Editorial-Team-Diabetes-Journal New Editorial Team Diabetes Journal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220429151343/https://diabetesjournals.org/diabetes/article/56/1/1/12767/New-Editorial-Team-Diabetes-Journal |date=2022-04-29 }} Diabetes 2007;56(1):1–2 https://doi.org/10.2337/db07-9900

Awards

He has received several awards for his research in the field of insulin secretion and diabetes therapy:

1988 IDF Medal of the International Diabetes Federation
1992 Elliott Proctor Joslin Medal
1994 Banting Medal[https://diabetesjournals.org/diabetes/article-pdf/45/2/223/362208/45-2-223.pdf A Lesson in Metabolic Regulation Inspired by the Glucokinase Glucose Sensor Paradigm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219053324/https://diabetesjournals.org/diabetes/article-pdf/45/2/223/362208/45-2-223.pdf |date=2022-12-19 }} Banting Lecture 1995
1996 Paul Langerhans Medal
2011 Paul Lacy Medal
2020 Rolf Luft Award[https://news.ki.se/professor-franz-matschinsky-receives-the-rolf-luft-award-2020 Professor Franz Matschinsky receives the Rolf Luft Award 2020] Karolinska Institute Stockholm