Franz Thaler

{{Short description|Italian Nazi-dissenter & author (1925-2015)}}

Franz Thaler (6 March 1925 in Sarntal – 29 October 2015) was an author from South Tyrol, a peacock quill embroiderer and a survivor of the concentration camp in Dachau and satellite camp in Hersbruck.{{cite web|url=http://altoadige.gelocal.it/bolzano/cronaca/2010/10/22/news/sepulveda-racconta-franz-thaler-1.4159277|title=Sepúlveda racconta Franz Thaler|author=Francesco Comina|work=Alto Adige|access-date=2015-02-23|archive-date=2015-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223181312/http://altoadige.gelocal.it/bolzano/cronaca/2010/10/22/news/sepulveda-racconta-franz-thaler-1.4159277|url-status=dead}}{{cite news|url=http://www.tageszeitung.it/2015/10/29/franz-thaler-ist-tot/|title=Franz Thaler ist tot|date=29 October 2015|publisher=Neue Südtiroler Tageszeitung|language=de|accessdate=30 October 2015}}

In 1939 his father decided in the South Tyrol Option Agreement[http://grial4.usal.es/MIH/separationTirol/en/resource3.html The South Tyrol Option Agreement as an example of Forced Migration in the 20th Century] that his family should remain Italian citizens, not adopt German nationality. As a consequence his family was harassed and isolated: Thaler was no longer allowed to attend school. In 1944, at the age of 19, he was called up to do military service in the German Wehrmacht, despite his Italian nationality. At first he went into hiding for several months, but finally gave himself up when his family was threatened with reprisals. Thaler received a sentence of 10 years’ imprisonment in Dachau concentration camp from a military court.

In December 1944 he was taken to Dachau and then, in the same month, to Hersbruck, a subsidiary camp of Flossenbürg concentration camp, where he then had to do hard labour. He was later brought back to Dachau. On 29 April 1945 the concentration camp in Dachau was liberated by American troops. He, and many of his fellow inmates, were forced to march to a camp in France, where they were finally set free.

When he returned home in August 1945, he began to write down his experiences, which appeared in book form in 1989. Thaler continued to work as a quill embroiderer and silversmith in Sarntal up to his retirement.

Thaler’s memoir, Unvergessen (Unforgotten), was an important catalyst in initiating, and contributing to, the discussion of what happened in South Tyrol during the Nazi era. In 1997 he received the Order of Merit of the Land of Tyrol, in 2010 he was awarded the honorary citizenship of Bolzano,{{cite web|url=http://www.stol.it/Artikel/Chronik-im-Ueberblick/Lokal/Bozen-Verleihung-der-Ehrenbuergerschaft-an-Franz-Thaler|title=Bozen: Verleihung der Ehrenbürgerschaft an Franz Thaler|work=Südtirol Online|access-date=2015-02-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223113421/http://www.stol.it/Artikel/Chronik-im-Ueberblick/Lokal/Bozen-Verleihung-der-Ehrenbuergerschaft-an-Franz-Thaler|archive-date=2015-02-23|url-status=dead}} and in 2013 he was chosen, together with Nazi opponent and victim, Josef Mayr-Nusser, by the South Tyrolian Society for Political Science as Political Personality of the Year. He turned 90 years old on 6 March 2015, shortly before the anniversary of the Liberation of Dachau on 29 April 2015.{{cite web|url=http://www.stol.it/Artikel/Chronik-im-Ueberblick/Lokal/Ueberlebte-das-KZ-Franz-Thaler-wird-90|title= Überlebte das KZ: Franz Thaler wird 90 |date=6 March 2015|publisher=Südtirol Online|language=de|accessdate=30 October 2015}} Thaler died in October 2015.

In 2016, his daughters donated his papers to the Civic Archives in Bozen-Bolzano.{{cite web|url=https://www.gemeinde.bozen.it/UploadDocs/18814_Exponat_des_Monats_61__Stadtarchiv_Jan_2017.pdf|title="Unvergessen" – der Nachlass Franz Thaler|author=Patrick Gamberoni, Hannes Obermair|work=Das Exponat des Monats 1, 2017|language=de|accessdate=30 May 2018}}{{Citation |last = Obermair |first = Hannes |contribution = Multiple Vergangenheiten – Sammeln für die Stadt? Das Bozener Stadtarchiv 3.0 |editor = Philipp Tolloi |title = Archive in Südtirol: Geschichte und Perspektiven / Archivi in Provincia di Bolzano: storia e prospettive |series = Veröffentlichungen des Südtiroler Landesarchivs |volume = 45 |pages = 211–24 (p. 223) |publisher = Universitätsverlag Wagner |place = Innsbruck| year = 2018|isbn = 978-3-7030-0992-1}}