Fred Akuffo
{{short description|Head of State of Ghana from 1978 to 1979}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2009}}
{{Use Ghanaian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = Lieutenant General
| name = Fred Akuffo
| image = Akuffo.jpg
| caption = Akufo, {{circa}} 1978
| order = 6th
| office = List of heads of state of Ghana{{!}}Head of State of Ghana
| 1blankname = Deputy
| 1namedata = Joshua Hamidu
| term_start = 5 July 1978
| term_end = 4 June 1979
| predecessor = Ignatius Kutu Acheampong
| successor = Jerry Rawlings
| order1 = 2nd
| office1 = Supreme Military Council (Ghana){{!}}Chairman of the Supreme Military Council
| deputy1 = Joshua Hamidu
| term_start1 = 5 July 1978
| term_end1 = 4 June 1979
| predecessor1 = Ignatius Kutu Acheampong
| successor1 = Position abolished
| order2 = 2nd
| office2 = Vice President of Ghana{{!}}Deputy Head of State of Ghana
| 1blankname2 = Head of State
| 1namedata2 = Ignatius Kutu Acheampong
| term_start2 = 9 October 1975
| term_end2 = 5 July 1978
| predecessor2 = John Willie Kofi Harlley (1969)
| successor2 = Joshua Hamidu
| order3 = 1st
| office3 = Supreme Military Council (Ghana){{!}}Deputy Chairman of the Supreme Military Council
| 1blankname3 = Chairman
| 1namedata3 = Ignatius Kutu Acheampong
| term_start3 = 9 October 1975
| term_end3 = 5 July 1978
| predecessor3 = Position established
| successor3 = Joshua Hamidu
| birth_name = Frederick William Kwasi Akuffo
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1937|3|21|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Akropong, Gold Coast
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1979|6|26|1937|3|21|df=yes}}
| death_place = Accra, Ghana
| death_cause = Execution by firing squad
| spouse = Emily Akuffo
| profession = Soldier
| signature =
| footnotes =
| nickname =
| allegiance =
| branch = Ghana Army
| serviceyears = 1957–1979
| rank = Lieutenant general
| unit =
| commands = {{Plainlist|
- Chief of Defence Staff
- Chief of Army Staff
- Commander 2nd Infantry Brigade (now Northern Command)
- Commander, 6th Battalion
}}
| battles = Congo Crisis
| awards =
| military_blank1 = Other
| military_data1 = Organized Operation Keep Right when Ghana changed over to driving on the right in August 1974
| military_blank2 =
| military_data2 =
| military_blank3 =
| military_data3 =
| military_blank4 =
| military_data4 =
| military_blank5 =
| military_data5 =
| party = Independent
}}
Lieutenant General Frederick William "Fred" Kwasi Akuffo (21 March 1937 – 26 June 1979) was a Ghanaian soldier and politician who was the Chief of the Defence Staff of the Ghana Armed Forces from 1976 to 1978, and chairman of the ruling Supreme Military Council and the sixth military head of state from 1978 to 1979.{{Cite web |title=Brief Profile: Frederick William Kwasi Akuffo |url=http://justiceghana.com/blog/our-services/research-information-and-advisory-advocacy/brief-profile-frederick-william-kwasi-akuffo/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |language=en-US}} He became leader of the government in a palace coup against General Ignatius Kutu Acheampong, and was overthrown and executed in another military coup less than a year later.{{cite web|title=Brief Profile: Frederick William Kwasi Akuffo|url=http://justiceghana.com/blog/our-services/research-information-and-advisory-advocacy/brief-profile-frederick-william-kwasi-akuffo/|publisher=Justice Ghana|access-date=28 January 2014}}
Early life and education
Fred Akuffo was born at Akropong in the Eastern Region of Ghana. He completed his secondary education in 1955 at the Presbyterian Boys' Secondary School in Odumase Krobo. He then enlisted in the Ghana Army in 1957 and trained at the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, UK among others, receiving his commission in 1960. He was married to Mrs. Emily Akuffo. He also attended the National Defence College in India in 1973.{{Cite web |title=Brief Profile: Frederick William Kwasi Akuffo |url=http://justiceghana.com/blog/our-services/research-information-and-advisory-advocacy/brief-profile-frederick-william-kwasi-akuffo/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |language=en-US}}
Career
While in the army, he served as commanding officer of the Airborne Training School at Tamale and later the 6th Battalion of Infantry of the Ghana Army between 1969 and 1970. He rose to become the 2nd Brigade Commander. He supervised the change over of traffic flow in Ghana from driving on the left to driving on the right as part of 'Operation Keep Right' which was effected on 4 August 1974. This changeover was successful and largely accident free. He rose to become the Army Commander in April 1974 and Chief of the Defence Staff in April 1976.
Politics
On 9 October 1975 Fred Akuffo was appointed a member of the ruling Supreme Military Council government due to his position as Ghana's army commander. On 5 July 1978, he led a palace coup to overthrow the head of state, General Ignatius Acheampong.{{Cite web |title=Brief Profile: Frederick William Kwasi Akuffo |url=http://justiceghana.com/blog/our-services/research-information-and-advisory-advocacy/brief-profile-frederick-william-kwasi-akuffo/ |access-date=2022-08-04 |language=en-US}} He continued with the ongoing preparations to return Ghana to constitutional rule but his government was also cut short on 4 June 1979 by a military uprising by the junior ranks of the Ghana military led by Flight Lieutenant Jerry John Rawlings and the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC).{{fact|date=March 2023}}
Execution
He was executed along with other senior military officers on 26 June 1979 at the Teshie Military Range, Ghana.{{cite web |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2014/January-10th/rawlings-confesses.php |title=Ghana News - Rawlings confesses "sacrificing" innocent commanders |website=www.myjoyonline.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110142223/http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2014/January-10th/rawlings-confesses.php |archive-date=2014-01-10}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20120207002721/http://www.ghana50.gov.gh/presidency/index.php?op=getAkufo Ghana government official website for the celebration of Ghana's 50th anniversary]
See also
{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-bef|before=Brigadier E. A. Erskine}}
{{s-ttl|title=Chief of Army Staff |years=1974 – 1976}}
{{s-aft|after=Major General Robert Kotei }}
{{s-bef|before=Major General Lawrence Okai}}
{{s-ttl|title=Chief of Defence Staff |years=1976 – 1978}}
{{s-aft|after=Major General Robert Kotei }}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box|title=Head of state of Ghana
Military regime|before=Ignatius Kutu Acheampong
Military Head of state|after=Jerry Rawlings
Military Head of state|years=1978–1979}}
{{s-bef|before=I. K. Acheampong}}
{{s-ttl|title=Commissioner for Defence|years=1978–1979}}
{{s-aft|after=?}}
{{s-end}}
{{Heads of State of Ghana}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Akuffo, Fred}}
Category:Executed Ghanaian people
Category:Executed military personnel
Category:Ministers for defence of Ghana
Category:Graduates of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst
Category:Leaders ousted by a coup
Category:Leaders who took power by coup
Category:People who were court-martialed
Category:People executed by Ghana by firing squad
Category:Heads of state of Ghana
Category:Chiefs of Army Staff (Ghana)
Category:Presbyterian Boys' Senior High School alumni