Fred Hartman Bridge

{{Infobox bridge

| name = Fred Hartman Bridge

| image = Fred Hartman Bridge Houston.jpg

| image_size = 300

| official_name = Fred Hartman Bridge

| carries = 8 lanes of {{Jct|state=TX|TX|146}}

| crosses = Houston Ship Channel

| toll = none

| locale = Harris County, south of Baytown, Texas and north of La Porte, Texas

| maint = Texas Department of Transportation

| id =

| design = fan arranged cable-stayed bridge

| mainspan = 381 meters (1,250 feet){{Structurae|id=20000555|name=Fred Hartman Bridge}}

| material = cables: polymer-wrapped twisted steel wire bundles
pylons: reinforced concrete
main deck: reinforced concrete
approach deck: precast prestressed concrete

| length = {{convert|4.185|km|sigfig=3|sp=us}}

| width = {{convert|47|m|sp=us}}

| height = {{convert|133|m|sp=us}} (pylon)

| clearance = 80.6 meters (262 feet)

| below = 54.8 meters (178 feet)

| begin = 1986

| complete = 1995

| open = {{start date and age|1995|Sep|27}}

| coordinates = {{coord|29.70347|-95.01742|scale:25000|display=inline,title}}

}}

The Fred Hartman Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge{{Cite news |last=Begley |first=Dug |date=June 20, 2018 |title=New Ship Channel Bridge will be one for the record books |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/Toll-officials-giddy-over-big-plans-for-Ship-13010242.php |access-date=October 6, 2020 |work=Houston Chronicle |issn=1074-7109 |oclc=30348909}} in the U.S. state of Texas spanning the Houston Ship Channel. The bridge carries {{convert|2.6|mi|km}} of State Highway 146 (SH 146), between the cities of Baytown and La Porte{{cite web |last=Benz |first=Rob |date=2006 |title=Baytown Bridge (HWY-146) |url=http://mappic.org/fullsizePicture.php?pid=3378 |url-status=dead |work=Mappic-BBridge |type=Angled photo}} (east of Houston). The bridge is also expected to carry SH 99 (Grand Parkway) when it is completed around Houston.{{cite web |title=Inside the Project |url=http://wbctx.com/our-projects/fred-hartman-bridge/ |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503153336/http://wbctx.com/our-projects/fred-hartman-bridge/ |archive-date=May 3, 2016 |access-date=February 18, 2016 |publisher=Williams Brothers Construction Company |quote=Once completed, the SH 99 Grand Parkway will include this {{convert|2.6|mi|km|disp=sqbr}}, eight lane stretch of SH 146 in East Houston, further improving regional mobility.}}

The bridge, named for Fred Hartman (1908–1991), the editor and publisher of the Baytown Sun from 1950 to 1974, is the longest cable-stayed bridge in Texas and one of only four such bridges in the state, the others being Veterans Memorial Bridge in Orange County, Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge in Dallas, and Bluff Dale Suspension Bridge in Erath County. It is the 77th-largest bridge in the world. The construction cost of the bridge was $91.25 million (equivalent to ${{Formatprice|{{Inflation|US-GDP|91250000|1995}}}} in {{Inflation/year|index=US-GDP}}{{Inflation/fn|index=US-GDP}}).

The bridge replaced the Baytown Tunnel (of depth clearance {{convert|40|ft|m|sp=us|disp=or}}). The tunnel had to be removed when the Houston Ship Channel was deepened to {{convert|45|ft|1}}, with a minimum {{convert|530|ft|1}} bottom width, to accommodate larger ships. The last section of the Baytown Tunnel was removed from the Houston Ship Channel on September 14, 1999, with removal of the tunnel being the responsibility of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT).{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Houston-Galveston Navigation Channel Project Online Resource Center |url=http://www.swg.usace.army.mil/items/hgnc/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109052637/http://www.swg.usace.army.mil/items/hgnc/ |archive-date=2009-01-09 |publisher=United States Army Corps of Engineers}}

Construction

In October 1985, the Texas Highway Department announced the project and estimated it would take two years to complete. The bridge was designed by Greiner Engineering, Inc., which was acquired by URS Corporation in 1995, which in turn was acquired by AECOM in October 2014.{{cite news |last=Kirkham |first=Chris |date=October 17, 2014 |title=Aecom finalizes $6-billion acquisition of engineering design rival URS |url=https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-aecom-urs-20141017-story.html |access-date=November 2, 2019 |work=Los Angeles Times |issn=2165-1736 |oclc=3638237}} Construction began in 1987 and was contracted by Williams Brothers and Traylor Brothers construction companies. In 1993, The firm selected to produce the steel, a Mexican company, went bankrupt. The contract was then awarded to a South African company, which caused complaints because of the country's apartheid policies. After the completion date was pushed back several times, a letter was sent to the TxDOT's executive director, William Burnett, from the city of Baytown via the Baytown Sun in early 1995, which helped spur interest in finishing the project. Finally, on September 27, 1995, the Fred Hartman Bridge had its grand opening ceremony, which was hosted by Baytown and La Porte chambers of commerce. Notable guests include George W. Bush, Miss Texas 1995, William Burnett, and the Hartman family. Fred Hartman died in 1991 and did not live to see his dream come to fruition.