Freddy Huayta

{{Short description|Bolivian politician (born 1968)}}

{{Family name hatnote|Huayta|Véliz|lang=Spanish}}

{{Good article}}

{{Use American English|date=June 2023}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}

{{Infobox officeholder

| name = Freddy Huayta

| image = Freddy Germán Huayta Véliz. Official portrait, 2014. Chamber of Deputies of Bolivia. Original.png

| caption = Official portrait, 2014

| alt = Headshot of Freddy Huayta

| office = {{Br list|Member of the Chamber of Deputies|from Oruro}}

| 1blankname = {{Nowrap|Substitute}}

| 1namedata = Erika Manardy

| term_start = 19 January 2010

| term_end = 18 January 2015

| predecessor = Ricardo Aillón

| successor = Aniceto Choque

| constituency = Party list

| birth_name = Freddy Germán Huayta Véliz

| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1968|05|12|df=y}}

| birth_place = Estancia Jarenilla, Oruro, Bolivia

| death_date =

| death_place =

| party = Alternative Civic Integration {{Nowrap|(since 2014)}}

| otherparty = Movement for Socialism {{Nowrap|(before 2014)}}

| occupation = {{Hlist|Organizer|politician}}

}}

Freddy Germán Huayta Véliz (born 12 May 1968) is a Bolivian community organizer and politician who served as a party-list member of the Chamber of Deputies from Oruro from 2010 to 2015.

Huayta completed his early schooling in his home community and finished his studies as an adult later in life. After serving as a police officer throughout the 1990s, he retired to work in commerce and began leading and organizing grassroots movements in metropolitan Oruro's peri-urban outskirts. As the leader of his own neighborhood council, Huayta founded the Departmental Coordinator of Peri-urban Neighborhood Councils of Oruro, which he chaired as executive secretary from 2002 to 2010.

In 2005, Huayta was appointed deputy mayor of the Avaroa Canton and was later made departmental counselor to the Oruro prefecture from 2006 to 2008, demonstrating his and the neighborhood councils' close relations with the ruling Movement for Socialism. As a member of the party, he was elected to represent Oruro in the Chamber of Deputies in 2009. At the end of his term, Huayta amicably split with the ruling party and founded his own, Alternative Civic Integration, with which he unsuccessfully contested a seat on the Oruro Municipal Council in 2021.

{{TOC limit|2}}

Early life and career

= Early life and education =

Freddy Huayta was born on 12 May 1968 in Estancia Jarenilla, a hamlet in the Sud Carangas Province of central Oruro, to Cristóbal Huayta Véliz and Virginia Véliz de Huayta.{{sfn|Vargas|Villavicencio|2014|p=87}} Raised in rural poverty, Huayta spent his early years accompanying the labors of his father, handling and herding livestock such as cattle and llamas.{{sfn|Gonzales Salas|2013|p=235}} He completed his primary schooling at the Pedro Domingo Murillo and Túpac Katari schools in his home canton of Avaroa, later moving to adjacent Belén de Andamarca Canton to attend the Simón Bolívar School, at which point he halted his studies.{{sfnm|1a1=Gonzales Salas|1y=2013|1p=235|2a1=Vargas|2a2=Villavicencio|2y=2014|2p=87}}

In 2001, Huayta graduated from the Center for Accelerated Secondary Education, a specialized institute focused on supporting adults whose academic development was disrupted during their youth.{{sfn|Romero Ballivián|2018|pp=163–164; 286}} Huayta completed further professional courses in parliament and began undergoing a law degree at Cosmos Private Technical University in La Paz.{{sfn|Vargas|Villavicencio|2014|p=87}} The pursuit of adult education while in office was a common tendency among parliamentarians of rural backgrounds.{{sfn|Romero Ballivián|2018|p=24}}

= Career and community organizing =

After completing his term of military service, Huayta settled in the city of Oruro, where he started a family and took on various of odd jobs. He played as an amateur musician in his early years before settling into a career as a police officer between 1991 and 1996. He later retired to work in commerce as a carrier, a job he also felt unfulfilled in.{{sfn|Gonzales Salas|2013|p=235}} Starting in 1999, Huayta began actively participating in grassroots organizing;{{sfnm|1a1=Gonzales Salas|1y=2013|1p=235|2a1=Romero Ballivián|2y=2018|2p=286}} he developed an extensive career in associative and communal spaces, especially in the neighborhood councils encompassing the city's peri-urban areas. He established and led the New Horizon Neighborhood Council and was a founding member of the Departmental Coordinator of Peri-urban Neighborhood Councils of Oruro in 2002, which he chaired as executive secretary until 2010.{{sfn|Romero Ballivián|2018|p=286}}

From 2004 to 2005,{{sfn|Vicepresidencia|2010}} Huayta served as representative and spokesman in Oruro for the Coordinator for the Defense of Water, a Cochabamba-based entity organized to challenge water privatization and subsequent tariff hikes during the Cochabamba water conflict of 2000. That crisis, which popularized the utilization of "coordinators"{{snd}}loose-knit entities composed of multiple organizations united around a single cause{{snd}}marked an inflection point in Bolivian politics, highlighting the newfound power of organized social movements to make collective demands against the state.{{sfn|Romero Ballivián|2018|pp=222; 286}}

A supporter of the water rights movement, Huayta began working to supply Oruro's impoverished outer neighborhoods with better water access in 2003. His efforts expanded in subsequent years to include other development projects, such as the provision of improved sewerage, added public lighting, and enhanced internet and natural gas access.{{sfn|Gonzales Salas|2013|p=236}} In 2005, he founded the Multidisciplinary Social Communitarian Association of Integral Services – Oruro, an organization specifically dedicated to the provision of basic public services to the capital's often neglected urban sprawl.{{sfn|Vargas|Villavicencio|2014|p=87}}

Chamber of Deputies

= Election =

{{Further|2009 Bolivian general election}}

Huayta's association with the Movement for Socialism (MAS-IPSP) dates to the mid-2000s, when the party's budding alliance with the neighborhood councils was still in its infancy. Following the 2004 municipal election, Huayta was appointed deputy mayor of his native Avaroa Canton,{{sfn|Romero Ballivián|2018|pp=162–163; 286}} and when the MAS won control of the Oruro regional government,{{sfn|Noticias Fides|2006}} he was made departmental counselor to the prefecture from 2006 to 2008. By 2009, he was serving as a representative for the Ministry of Water to the Local Aqueduct and Sewerage Service of Oruro.{{sfn|Vargas|Villavicencio|2014|p=87}} That year, the MAS nominated him for a seat in the Chamber of Deputies; Huayta's top slot on the party's list of candidates boosted his odds of victory, even before the MAS won nearly every seat in Oruro's parliamentary delegation.{{sfnm|1a1=La Patria|1y=2009a|1p=4|2a1=La Patria|2y=2009b|2p=1}}

= Tenure =

In parliament, Huayta championed many of the same causes he had pursued as a community leader. He sponsored legislation for the development Oruro's economically disadvantaged neighborhoods and {{ill|Parliamentary oversight|es|Fiscalización|lt=monitored}} ongoing public works projects in the region.{{sfnm|1a1=La Patria|1y=2014a|1p=5|2a1=Vargas|2a2=Villavicencio|2y=2014|2p=87}} By his own admission, the process was markedly different from his time leading Oruro's neighborhood councils: "Sometimes I think that it is better to be a sectoral leader than a [parliamentarian] because the leader has more power; behind him are the grassroots and that helps complete projects faster."{{sfn|Gonzales Salas|2013|p=236}} Between 2013 and 2014, Huayta presided over Oruro's parliamentary delegation, allowing him to further prioritize his policy initiatives.{{sfn|La Patria|2014a|p=5}}

Huayta did not seek a second term chairing Oruro's delegation in 2014,{{sfn|La Patria|2014a|p=5}} but disagreed with discrepancies in the designation of his successor, Senator Ricardo Aillón{{snd}}objections that culminated in his estrangement from the ruling party.{{sfn|La Patria|2014b|p=4}} In contrast to other MAS dissidents,{{sfn|El Día|2014}} Huayta's defection was comparatively less acrimonious. Although he stated his intent to operate independently for his tenure's duration, not taking part in party conferences and the like,{{sfn|ERBOL|2014}} he simultaneously rejected narratives implying a more concrete break in support for the government:{{sfn|Prensa Diputados|2014}} "Until the last{{Nbsp}}... second that I am a deputy, I will be from the MAS. When this is over, I will properly thank President Evo Morales for the opportunity, and then [I] will continue [on my] political path."{{sfn|La Patria|2014c|p=4}}

= Commission assignments =

  • Social Policy Commission
  • Habitat, Housing, and Social Services Committee (2010–2011){{sfn|Vargas|Villavicencio|2014|p=319}}
  • Rural Native Indigenous Peoples and Nations, Cultures, and Interculturality Commission
  • Rural Native Indigenous Peoples and Nations Committee (Secretary: 2011–2012){{sfn|Prensa Diputados|2011}}
  • Amazon Region, Land, Territory, Water, Natural Resources, and Environment Commission
  • Amazon Region, Land, and Territory Committee (2012–2013){{sfn|Prensa Diputados|2012}}
  • Territorial Organization of the State and Autonomies Commission
  • Rural Native Indigenous Autonomies Committee (2013–2015){{sfn|Vargas|Villavicencio|2014|pp=309; 313}}

Later political career

= 2015 Oruro municipal election =

{{See also|2015 Bolivian regional elections}}

Near the end of 2014, Huayta undertook the task of organizing his own party, Alternative Civic Integration – Socialist Front (INCA-FS), which branded itself as a left-wing second option to the preeminent MAS.{{sfnm|1a1=La Patria|1y=2014c|1p=4|2a1=La Patria|2y=2014d|2p=6|3a1=La Patria|3y=2014e|3p=6}} After attaining legal recognition to contest local elections, Huayta communicated his intent to seek a seat on the Oruro Municipal Council{{snd}}leading a strategy focused on maximizing local legislative representation above expending significant resources contesting the mayoralty.{{sfnm|1a1=La Patria|1y=2014f|1p=4|2a1=La Patria|2y=2014g|2p=5}} In late December, Huayta announced that Marcelo Medina would head the INCA-FS ticket but stated that he himself would not be running as a candidate after all. According to Huayta, the motive was to give new generations greater opportunity to participate in politics.{{sfn|La Patria|2014h|p=4}} At the same time, it can also be noted that Huayta was actually barred from running, as were most outgoing parliamentarians, owing to a controversial ruling by the Supreme Electoral Tribunal which established that incumbent legislators did not meet the necessary residency requirements to seek local public office.{{sfn|Opinión|2014}}

Though INCA-FS did not win the Oruro mayoralty,{{sfn|La Patria|2015a|p=1}} its third-place finish did secure it two seats on the municipal council.{{sfn|La Patria|2015b|p=1}} However, the initial success was offset by the errant nature of the party's elected councillors, who were not cooperative or responsive to Huayta's leadership. Within days of assuming office, one councillor declared themself independent, and both allegedly backed the election of MAS legislator Henry Rojas to the presidency of the municipal council, prompting Huayta to denounce them as traitors and demand their resignations.{{sfnm|1a1=La Patria|1y=2015c|1p=5|2a1=El Diario|2y=2015}} Despite subsequent attempts to reconcile their differences,{{sfn|La Patria|2015d|p=5}} by mid-term, Huayta was reportedly in the process of seeking a recall election against at least one of the councillors.{{sfn|La Patria|2018|p=2}}

= 2021 Oruro municipal election =

Entering the 2021 campaign season, Huayta's party recruited Miguel Salas as its mayoral candidate,{{sfn|La Patria|2020|p=3}} replacing Medina, who had hitched his bets on a different front.{{sfn|La Patria|2021a|p=1}} For his part, no longer impeded from presenting his own candidacy, Huayta ran for a long-coveted seat on the Oruro Municipal Council.{{sfn|TED-Oruro|2021|p=10}} However, Salas unexpectedly withdrew his candidacy near the end of the campaign{{snd}}an unsuccessful attempt to avoid splitting the vote in favor of the MAS.{{sfnm|1a1=La Patria|1y=2021b|1p=1|2a1=La Patria|2y=2021c}} Despite Huayta's attempts to keep INCA-FS in the race,{{sfn|INCA-FS|2021}} such efforts were not successful. Consequently, the party{{snd}}whose ticket officially remained on the ballot{{snd}}finished last on election day.{{sfn|La Patria|2021c}}

Electoral history

class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align:center;"

|+ {{sronly|Electoral history of Freddy Huayta}}

! style="background-color:#EAECF0;" rowspan=2 | Year

! style="background-color:#EAECF0;" rowspan=2 | Office

! style="background-color:#EAECF0;" colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Party

! style="background-color:#EAECF0;" colspan=3 | Votes

! style="background-color:#EAECF0;" rowspan=2 | Result

! style="background-color:#EAECF0;" rowspan=2 | {{abbr|Ref|Reference}}.

style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | Total

! style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | %

! style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | {{abbr|P|Position}}.

style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | 2009

| Deputy

| style="background-color:{{party color|Movement for Socialism (Bolivia)}};" |

| Movement for Socialism

| 178,363

| 79.46%

| 1st

| {{yes2|Won}}

| {{sfn|Atlas Electoral|2009}}{{efn-lg|name=fn1|Presented on an electoral list. The data shown represents the share of the vote the entire party/alliance received in that constituency.}}

style="background-color:#EAECF0;" | 2021

| Councillor

| style="background-color:#8B0B0A;" |

| Alternative Civic Integration

| 1,446

| 1.03%

| 14th

| {{no2|Lost}}

| {{sfn|Atlas Electoral|2021}}{{efn-lg|name=fn1}}

style="background-color:#EAECF0;" colspan=9 | Source: Plurinational Electoral Organ {{!}} [https://atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo/#/ Electoral Atlas]

References

= Notes =

{{Notelist-lg}}

= Footnotes =

{{Reflist}}

= Works cited =

Online and list sources

{{Refbegin|35em}}

  • {{Cite web |ref={{harvid|Prensa Diputados|2011}} |title=Comisiones y Comités: Periodo Legislativo 2011–2012 |url=http://www.diputados.bo/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=83&Itemid=59 |website=diputados.bo |language=es |publication-place=La Paz |publisher=Cámara de Diputados del Estado Plurinacional |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526205735/http://www.diputados.bo/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=83&Itemid=59 |archive-date=26 May 2011 |access-date=1 August 2023}}
  • {{Cite web |ref={{harvid|Prensa Diputados|2012}} |title=Comisiones y Comités: Periodo Legislativo 2012–2013 |url=http://www.diputados.bo/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=83&Itemid=59 |website=diputados.bo |language=es |publication-place=La Paz |publisher=Cámara de Diputados del Estado Plurinacional |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205103931/http://www.diputados.bo/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=83&Itemid=59 |archive-date=5 February 2012 |access-date=1 August 2023}}
  • {{Cite web |ref={{harvid|Atlas Electoral|2009}} |title=Elecciones Generales 2009 {{!}} Atlas Electoral |url=https://atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo/#/sub_proceso/82/38/3 |website=atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo |language=es |location=La Paz |publisher=Órgano Electoral Plurinacional |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20230615070618/https://atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo/#/sub_proceso/82/38/3 |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=3 September 2023 }}
  • {{Cite web |ref={{harvid|Atlas Electoral|2021}} |title=Elecciones Municipales 2021 {{!}} Atlas Electoral |url=https://atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo/#/sub_proceso/121/319/9 |website=atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo |language=es |location=La Paz |publisher=Órgano Electoral Plurinacional |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20230615070629/https://atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo/#/sub_proceso/121/319/9 |archive-date=15 June 2023 |access-date=3 September 2023 }}
  • {{Cite web |ref={{harvid|Vicepresidencia|2010}} |title=Freddy Germán Huayta Véliz |url=https://www.vicepresidencia.gob.bo/spip.php?page=parlamentario&id_parlamentario=91 |website=vicepresidencia.gob.bo |language=es |publication-place=La Paz |publisher=Vicepresidencia del Estado Plurinacional |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826234237/https://www.vicepresidencia.gob.bo/spip.php?page=parlamentario&id_parlamentario=91 |archive-date=26 August 2016 |access-date=3 September 2023}}
  • {{Cite web |ref={{harvid|TED-Oruro|2021}} |title=Lista de candidatos y candidatas habilitados: Eleccion de autoridades políticas departamentales, regionales y municipales 2021 |url=https://www.oep.org.bo/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Candidaturas_Oruro_06_03_2021.pdf |website=oep.org.bo |language=es |location=Oruro |publisher=Tribunal Electoral Departamental de Oruro |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301205546/https://www.oep.org.bo/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Candidaturas_Oruro_06_03_2021.pdf |archive-date=1 March 2022 |access-date=3 September 2023}}

{{Refend}}

Digital and print publications

{{Refbegin|35em}}

  • {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|La Patria|2018}} |title=Concejal Villca asegura que se someterá a decisión del pueblo respecto a su revocatorio |trans-title=Councillor Villca Assures That She Will Submit to the People's Decision Regarding Recall |url=https://impresa.lapatria.bo/noticia/312827 |url-access=registration |work=La Patria |language=es |publication-place=Oruro |date=24 February 2018 |page=2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618074432/https://impresa.lapatria.bo/noticia/312827 |archive-date=18 June 2023 |access-date=3 September 2023}}
  • {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|La Patria|2015c}} |title=Conflicto entre concejales y jefatura del INCA-FS |trans-title=Conflict Between Councillors and INCA-FS Leadership |url=https://impresa.lapatria.bo/noticia/222262 |url-access=registration |work=La Patria |language=es |publication-place=Oruro |date=3 June 2015 |page=5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618073930/https://impresa.lapatria.bo/noticia/222262 |archive-date=18 June 2023 |access-date=3 September 2023}}
  • {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|La Patria|2014d}} |title=Crearán agrupación ciudadana INCA-FS |trans-title=Huayta to Create INCA-FS Civic Group |url=https://impresa.lapatria.bo/noticia/195000 |url-access=registration |work=La Patria |language=es |publication-place=Oruro |date=9 September 2014 |page=6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618074634/https://impresa.lapatria.bo/noticia/195000 |archive-date=18 June 2023 |access-date=3 September 2023}}
  • {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|La Patria|2014c}} |title=Diputado Huayta apunta a participar en elecciones municipales 2015 |trans-title=Deputy Huayta Aims to Participate in the 2015 Municipal Elections |url=https://impresa.lapatria.bo/noticia/196507 |url-access=registration |work=La Patria |language=es |publication-place=Oruro |date=24 September 2014 |page=4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618053315/https://impresa.lapatria.bo/noticia/196507 |archive-date=18 June 2023 |access-date=3 September 2023}}
  • {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|La Patria|2014e}} |title=Diputado Huayta 'entierra' al MAS y crea agrupación INCA-FS |trans-title=Deputy Huayta Abandons the MAS and Creates INCA-FS |url=https://impresa.lapatria.bo/noticia/199880 |url-access=registration |work=La Patria |language=es |publication-place=Oruro |date=25 October 2014 |page=6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618063256/https://impresa.lapatria.bo/noticia/199880 |archive-date=18 June 2023 |access-date=3 September 2023}}
  • {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|El Día|2014}} |title=Diputado Moya denuncia corrupción en el gobierno |trans-title=Deputy Moya Denounces Government Corruption |url=https://www.eldia.com.bo/noticia.php?id=142039&id_cat=1 |work=El Día |language=es |publication-place=Santa Cruz de la Sierra |date=1 April 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616201747/https://www.eldia.com.bo/noticia.php?id=142039&id_cat=1 |archive-date=16 June 2023 |access-date=3 September 2023}}
  • {{Cite web |ref={{harvid|Prensa Diputados|2014}} |title=Diputado orureño Freddy Huayta aclaró en conferencia de prensa que no se alejó del MAS-IPSP |trans-title=Oruro Deputy Freddy Huayta Clarifies at Press Conference That He Did Not Distance Himself from the MAS-IPSP |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SlbLUYaM8-0 |language=es |publication-place=La Paz |publisher=Cámara de Diputados del Estado Plurinacional |date=15 April 2014 |access-date=1 September 2023 |via=YouTube}}
  • {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|ERBOL|2014}} |title=Diputado se aleja del MAS y dice sentirse discriminado |trans-title=Deputy Distances Himself from MAS; Says He Feels Discriminated Against |url=https://erbol.com.bo/noticia/politica/17032014/diputado_se_aleja_del_mas_y_dice_sentirse_discriminado |language=es |publication-place=La Paz |agency=ERBOL |date=17 March 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320021008/https://erbol.com.bo/noticia/politica/17032014/diputado_se_aleja_del_mas_y_dice_sentirse_discriminado |archive-date=20 March 2014 |access-date=3 September 2023}}
  • {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|La Patria|2015d}} |title=Dirigencia y concejales de INCA-FS arreglan sus diferencias |trans-title=INCA-FS Leadership and Councillors Sort Their Differences |url=https://impresa.lapatria.bo/noticia/222973 |url-access=registration |work=La Patria |language=es |publication-place=Oruro |date=10 June 2015 |page=5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618074249/https://impresa.lapatria.bo/noticia/222973 |archive-date=18 June 2023 |access-date=3 September 2023}}
  • {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|La Patria|2014b}} |title=Entre discrepancias se posesionó la directiva de la brigada parlamentaria |trans-title=Amid Disagreements, the Directorate of the Parliamentary Delegation Took Office |url=https://impresa.lapatria.bo/noticia/176447 |url-access=registration |work=La Patria |language=es |publication-place=Oruro |date=18 March 2014 |page=4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618025021/https://impresa.lapatria.bo/noticia/176447 |archive-date=18 June 2023 |access-date=3 September 2023}}
  • {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|La Patria|2014f}} |title=Freddy Huayta quiere ser concejal munícipe |trans-title=Freddy Huayta Seeks to Be a Municipal Councillor |url=https://impresa.lapatria.bo/noticia/202372 |url-access=registration |work=La Patria |language=es |publication-place=Oruro |date=18 November 2014 |page=4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618063500/https://impresa.lapatria.bo/noticia/202372 |archive-date=18 June 2023 |access-date=3 September 2023}}
  • {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|El Diario|2015}} |title=Gobernador interviene en conflicto entre concejales

|trans-title=Governor Intervenes in Conflict Between Councillors |url=https://www.pub.eldiario.net/noticias/2015/2015_06/nt150604/nacional.php?n=33 |work=El Diario |language=es |publication-place=La Paz |date=4 June 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605040132/http://www.eldiario.net/noticias/2015/2015_06/nt150604/nacional.php?n=33&-gobernador-interviene-en-conflicto-entre-concejales |archive-date=5 June 2015 |access-date=3 September 2023}}

  • {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|La Patria|2014g}} |title=Huayta espera recibir mañana personería para su agrupación |trans-title=Huayta Hopes to Receive Legal Status for His Party Tomorrow |url=https://impresa.lapatria.bo/noticia/206224 |url-access=registration |work=La Patria |language=es |publication-place=Oruro |date=25 December 2014 |page=5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618063628/https://impresa.lapatria.bo/noticia/206224 |archive-date=18 June 2023 |access-date=3 September 2023}}
  • {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|INCA-FS|2021}} |author=Integración Ciudadana Alternativa – Frente Socialista |date=3 March 2021 |title=La agrupación ciudadana INCA-FS ratifica que sigue en carrera electoral |trans-title=INCA-FS Confirms That It Remains in the Electoral Race |url=https://archive.org/details/huayta-paz-conferencia-prensa |publication-place=Oruro |access-date=3 September 2023 |via=the Internet Archive}}
  • {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|La Patria|2014h}} |title=Marcelo Medina es candidato a alcalde con agrupación de Huayta |trans-title=Marcelo Medina Is the Mayoral Candidate of Huayta's Party |url=https://impresa.lapatria.bo/noticia/206653 |url-access=registration |work=La Patria |language=es |publication-place=Oruro |date=30 December 2014 |page=4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618063752/https://impresa.lapatria.bo/noticia/206653 |archive-date=18 June 2023 |access-date=3 September 2023}}
  • {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|La Patria|2021c}} |title=El MAS gana por primera vez la alcaldía de Oruro en un proceso electoral |trans-title=The MAS Wins the Oruro Mayoralty for the First Time in an Electoral Process |url=https://lapatria.bo/2021/03/11/el-mas-gana-por-primera-vez-la-alcaldia-de-oruro-en-un-proceso-electoral |work=La Patria |language=es |publication-place=Oruro |date=11 March 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207163236/https://lapatria.bo/2021/03/11/el-mas-gana-por-primera-vez-la-alcaldia-de-oruro-en-un-proceso-electoral |archive-date=7 February 2023 |access-date=3 September 2023}}
  • {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|La Patria|2009b}} |title=MAS logra diputado en la C-33 y fortifica representación en brigada parlamentaria |trans-title=MAS Wins Deputy in C-33, Strengthening Representation in Parliamentary Delegation |url=http://lapatriaenlinea.com/?nota=10925 |work=La Patria |language=es |publication-place=Oruro |date=9 December 2009 |page=1 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026043515/http://lapatriaenlinea.com/?nota=10925 |archive-date=26 October 2019 |access-date=3 September 2023}}
  • {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|La Patria|2021a}} |title=Medina presenta sus propuestas para alcanzar la silla edil de Oruro |trans-title=Medina Presents His Proposals to Reach the Mayoralty of Oruro |url=https://impresa.lapatria.bo/noticia/1030858 |url-access=registration |work=La Patria |language=es |publication-place=Oruro |date=12 February 2021 |page=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618085408/https://impresa.lapatria.bo/noticia/1030858 |archive-date=18 June 2023 |access-date=3 September 2023}}
  • {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|La Patria|2021b}} |title=Miguel Salas declina su candidatura y llama a otros candidatos a imitarlo |trans-title=Miguel Salas Withdraws His Candidacy and Calls on Other Candidates to Do the Same |url=https://impresa.lapatria.bo/noticia/1031899/miguel-salas-declina-su-candidatura-y-llama-a-otros-candidatos-a-imitarlo |url-access=registration |work=La Patria |language=es |publication-place=Oruro |date=4 March 2021 |page=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514222832/https://impresa.lapatria.bo/noticia/1031899/miguel-salas-declina-su-candidatura-y-llama-a-otros-candidatos-a-imitarlo |archive-date=14 May 2023 |access-date=3 September 2023}}
  • {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|La Patria|2020}} |title=Miguel Salas se postula a la alcaldía de la mano de INCA-FS |trans-title=Miguel Salas Launches Bid for Mayor Together with INCA-FS |url=https://impresa.lapatria.bo/noticia/1027807 |url-access=registration |work=La Patria |language=es |publication-place=Oruro |date=17 December 2020 |page=3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618085235/https://impresa.lapatria.bo/noticia/1027807 |archive-date=18 June 2023 |access-date=3 September 2023}}
  • {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|Noticias Fides|2006}} |title=Nuevo prefecto de Oruro asume funciones el viernes |trans-title=New Prefect of Oruro Assumes Office Friday |url=https://www.noticiasfides.com/nacional/sociedad/nuevo-prefecto-de-oruro-asume-funciones-el-viernes-241829 |language=es |publication-place=La Paz |agency=Agencia de Noticias Fides |date=25 January 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617201225/https://www.noticiasfides.com/nacional/sociedad/nuevo-prefecto-de-oruro-asume-funciones-el-viernes-241829 |archive-date=17 June 2023 |access-date=3 September 2023}}
  • {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|La Patria|2009a}} |title=Partidos opositores al MAS llegan disminuidos a elecciones |trans-title=Parties Opposed to the MAS Arrive Diminished to the Elections |url=http://lapatriaenlinea.com/?nota=9548 |work=La Patria |language=es |publication-place=Oruro |date=25 November 2009 |page=4 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026155222/http://lapatriaenlinea.com/?nota=9548 |archive-date=26 October 2019 |access-date=3 September 2023}}
  • {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|La Patria|2014a}} |title=Renovarán directiva en la brigada parlamentaria |trans-title=Parliamentary Delegation to Renew Directorate |url=https://impresa.lapatria.bo/noticia/175618 |url-access=registration |work=La Patria |language=es |publication-place=Oruro |date=10 March 2014 |page=5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618053153/https://impresa.lapatria.bo/noticia/175618 |archive-date=18 June 2023 |access-date=3 September 2023}}
  • {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|La Patria|2015b}} |title=Rostros del nuevo Concejo Municipal |trans-title=Profiles of the New Municipal Council |url=https://impresa.lapatria.bo/noticia/216188 |url-access=registration |work=La Patria |language=es |publication-place=Oruro |date=5 April 2015 |page=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618073703/https://impresa.lapatria.bo/noticia/216188 |archive-date=18 June 2023 |access-date=3 September 2023}}
  • {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|Opinión|2014}} |title=TSE ordena inhabilitar candidatura de legisladores |trans-title=TSE Orders Disqualification of Legislators' Candidacies |url=https://www.opinion.com.bo/articulo/el-pais/%EF%BB%BFtse-ordena-inhabilitar-candidatura-legisladores/20141229202300509267.html |work=Opinión |language=es |publication-place=Cochabamba |agency=Agencia de Noticias Fides |date=29 December 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625222336/https://www.opinion.com.bo/articulo/el-pais/%EF%BB%BFtse-ordena-inhabilitar-candidatura-legisladores/20141229202300509267.html |archive-date=25 June 2022 |access-date=3 September 2023}}
  • {{Cite news |ref={{harvid|La Patria|2015a}} |title=Vásquez gobernador y Bazán alcalde |trans-title=Vásquez Elected Governor; Bazán, Mayor |url=https://impresa.lapatria.bo/noticia/215614 |url-access=registration |work=La Patria |language=es |publication-place=Oruro |date=30 March 2015 |page=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618073508/https://impresa.lapatria.bo/noticia/215614 |archive-date=18 June 2023 |access-date=3 September 2023}}

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Books and encyclopedias

{{Refbegin|35em|indent=yes}}

  • {{Cite book |editor-last=Gonzales Salas |editor-first=Inés |year=2013 |title=Biografías: Historias de vida en la Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional |url=https://archive.org/details/historias-de-vida-en-la-asamblea-legislativa-plurinacional/page/235 |language=es |publisher=Editorial Gente Común; ERBOL; Fundación Friedrich Ebert; IDEA Internacional |pages=235–237 |isbn=978-99954-93-05-9 |oclc=876429743 |via=the Internet Archive}}
  • {{Cite book |last=Romero Ballivián |first=Salvador |author-link=Salvador Romero |year=2018 |editor-last=Quiroga Velasco |editor-first=Camilo |title=Diccionario biográfico de parlamentarios 1979–2019 |url=https://archive.org/details/diccionario-biografico-de-parlamentarios-1979-2019/page/286 |language=es |edition=2nd |location=La Paz |publisher=FUNDAPPAC; Fundación Konrad Adenauer |page=286 |isbn=978-99974-0-021-5 |oclc=1050945993 |via=the Internet Archive}}
  • {{Cite book |ref={{harvid|Vargas|Villavicencio|2014}} |editor-last1=Vargas Luna |editor-first1=María Elena |editor-last2=Villavicencio Arancibia |editor-first2=Jois Sarelly |year=2014 |title=Primera Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional de Bolivia, Cámara de Diputados: Diccionario biográfico, diputadas y diputados titulares y suplentes 2010–2015 |url=https://archive.org/details/primera-asamblea-legislativa-plurinacional-de-bolivia/page/87 |language=es |location=La Paz |publisher=Cámara de Diputados del Estado Plurinacional |page=87 |oclc=961105285 |via=the Internet Archive}}

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