French battleship Voltaire

Although the {{sclass|Danton|battleship|1}}s were a significant improvement from the preceding {{sclass|Liberté|battleship|4}}, they were outclassed by the advent of the dreadnought well before they were completed. They were not well liked by the navy, although their numerous rapid-firing guns were of some use in the Mediterranean.Gardiner & Gray, p. 196

Voltaire was {{convert|146.6|m|sp=us|ftin}} long overall and had a beam of {{convert|25.8|m|sp=us|ftin}} and a full-load draft of {{convert|9.2|m|sp=us|ftin}}. She displaced {{convert|19736|MT|LT|sp=us}} at deep load and had a crew of 681 officers and enlisted men. The ship was powered by four Parsons steam turbines using steam generated by twenty-six Belleville boilers. The turbines were rated at {{convert|22500|shp|lk=in}} and provided a top speed of around {{convert|19|kn|lk=in}}. Voltaire, however, reached a top speed of {{convert|20.7|kn|lk=in}} during her sea trials. She carried a maximum of {{convert|2027|t|LT}} of coal which allowed her to steam for {{convert|3370|lk=in|nmi}} at a speed of {{convert|10|kn}}.

Voltaire{{'}}s main battery consisted of four 305mm/45 Modèle 1906 guns mounted in two twin gun turrets, one forward and one aft. The secondary battery consisted of twelve 240mm/50 Modèle 1902 guns in twin turrets, three on each side of the ship. A number of smaller guns were carried for defense against torpedo boats. These included sixteen {{convert|75|mm|abbr=on}} L/65 guns and ten QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss Hotchkiss guns. The ship was also armed with two submerged {{convert|450|mm|abbr=on|1}} torpedo tubes. The ship's waterline armor belt was {{convert|270|mm|abbr=on|1}} thick and the main battery was protected by up to {{convert|300|mm|abbr=on|1}} of armor. The conning tower also had 300 mm thick sides.

During the war 75 mm anti-aircraft guns were installed on the roofs of the ship's two forward 240 mm gun turrets.Meirat, p. 5 During 1918, the mainmast was shortened to allow the ship to fly a captive kite balloon and the elevation of the 240 mm guns was increased which extended their range to {{convert|18000|m|yd|sp=us}}.

Construction of Voltaire was begun on 26 December 1906Gille, p. 120 by Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée in La Seyne-sur-Mer and the ship was laid down on 20 July 1907. She was launched on 16 January 1909 and was completed on 5 August 1911.{{sfn|Dumas|Prévoteaux|2011|p=85}} The ship was assigned to the Second Division of the 1st Squadron (escadre) of the Mediterranean Fleet when she was commissioned. The ship participated in combined fleet maneuvers between Provence and Tunisia in May–June 1913Gille, p. 118 and the subsequent naval review conducted by the President of France, Raymond Poincaré on 7 June 1913. Afterwards, Voltaire joined her squadron in its tour of the Eastern Mediterranean in October–December 1913 and participated in the grand fleet exercise in the Mediterranean in May 1914.

In early August 1914, the ship cruised the Strait of Sicily in an attempt to prevent the German battlecruiser {{SMS|Goeben||2}} and the light cruiser {{SMS|Breslau||2}} from breaking out to the West. On 16 August 1914 the combined Anglo-French Fleet under Admiral Auguste Boué de Lapeyrère, including Voltaire, made a sweep of the Adriatic Sea. The Allied ships encountered the Austro-Hungarian cruiser {{SMS|Zenta}}, escorted by the destroyer {{SMS|Ulan}}, blockading the coast of Montenegro. There were too many ships for Zenta to escape, so she remained behind to allow Ulan to get away and was sunk by gunfire during the Battle of Antivari off the coast of Bar, Montenegro. Voltaire subsequently participated in a number of raids into the Adriatic later in the year and patrolled the Ionian Islands. From December 1914 to 1916, the ship participated in the distant blockade of the Straits of Otranto while based in Corfu. On 1 December 1916, some of her sailors, transported to Athens by her sister {{ship|French battleship|Mirabeau||2}}, participated in the Allied attempt to ensure Greek acquiescence to Allied operations in Macedonia. Voltaire spent part of 1917 through April 1918 based at Mudros to prevent Goeben from breaking out into the Mediterranean.

The ship was overhauled from May to October 1918 in Toulon. While returning to Mudros on 10 October, the ship was torpedoed by {{SMU|UB-48||2}} off the island of Milos. Despite being struck by two torpedoes, she able to make temporary repairs at Milos before sailing to Bizerte for permanent repairs. Voltaire was based in Toulon throughout 1919 and was modernized in 1922–25 to improve her underwater protection. The ship became a training ship in 1927 and was condemned in on 17 March 1937. She was scuttled in Quiberon Bay (France) on 31 May 1938 for long-term use as a target; the wreck was sold in December 1949 and broken up from March 1950 onwards.{{sfn|Dumas|Prévoteaux|2011|p=170}}

{{reflist|30em}}

• {{cite book|last1=Dumas|first1=Robert|last2=Prévoteaux|first2=Gérard|title=Les Cuirassés de 18 000t|year=2011|location=Outreau|publisher= Lela Presse|isbn=978-2-914017-62-6|name-list-style=amp}}
• {{cite book |editor1-last=Gardiner|editor1-first=Robert|editor2-last=Gray|editor2-first=Randal|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921|year=1985|location= Annapolis, Maryland|publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=0-85177-245-5|name-list-style=amp}}
• {{cite book|last=Gille|first=Eric|title=Cent ans de cuirassés français|publisher=Marines édition|location=Nantes|year=1999|isbn=2-909-675-50-5|trans-title=A Century of French Battleships |language=French}}
• {{cite book

| last = Halpern

| first = Paul G.|authorlink=Paul G. Halpern

| year = 2004

| title = The Battle of the Otranto Straits: Controlling the Gateway to the Adriatic in World War I

| publisher = Indiana University Press

| location = Bloomington, Indiana

| isbn = 978-0-253-34379-6

}}

• {{cite book |last1=Jordan |first1=John |last2=Caresse |first2=Philippe |title=French Battleships of World War One |date=2017 |publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland |isbn=978-1-59114-639-1 |name-list-style=amp}}
• {{cite journal|last=Meirat|first=Jean|year=1978|title=French Battleships Vernigaud and Condorcet|journal=F. P. D. S. Newsletter|publisher=F. P. D. S.|location=Akron, Ohio|volume=VI|issue=1|pages=5–6 |oclc=41554533}}

{{Commons category}}

• {{in lang|fr}} [http://le.fantasque.free.fr/php3/ship.php3?page_code=danton CUIRASSE Danton]

{{Danton class battleships}}

{{October 1918 shipwrecks}}

{{1938 shipwrecks}}

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Category:Danton-class battleships

Category:Ships built in France

Category:1911 ships

Category:Maritime incidents in 1918

Category:Maritime incidents in 1938

Category:Scuttled vessels