French destroyer Panthère
{{Short description|Chacal-class destroyer}}
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{{Infobox ship image |Ship image=Contre-torpilleur Panthère à Marseille, 25 avril 1927 (cropped).jpg |Ship caption=Panthère in Marseille, April 1927 }} {{Infobox ship career |Hide header= |Ship country=France |Ship flag={{Shipboxflag|France|naval}} |Ship name=Panthère |Ship namesake=Panther |Ship ordered=18 April 1922 |Ship awarded= |Ship builder=Arsenal de Lorient |Ship original cost= |Ship yard number= |Ship way number=No. 7 |Ship laid down=23 December 1923 |Ship launched=27 October 1924 |Ship sponsor= |Ship christened= |Ship completed=4 January 1927 |Ship commissioned=1 November 1926 |Ship recommissioned= |Ship decommissioned=July 1940 |Ship in service=4 February 1927 |Ship captured=27 November 1942 }} {{Infobox ship career |Hide header=title |Ship country=Kingdom of Italy |Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Kingdom of Italy}} |Ship name= FR 22 |Ship acquired=After 27 November 1942 |Ship commissioned=19 January 1943 |Ship in service= |Ship out of service= |Ship renamed= |Ship fate=Scuttled and later scrapped, 9 September 1943 }} {{Infobox ship characteristics |Hide header= |Header caption= (as built) |Ship class=Chacal-class destroyer |Ship displacement=*{{convert|2126|t|LT|abbr=on}} (standard)
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| 3075|t|LT|abbr=on}} (full load)
|Ship length= {{convert|126.8|m|ftin|abbr=on|1}} |Ship beam={{convert|11.1|m|ftin|abbr=on|1}} |Ship draft={{convert|4.1|m|ftin|abbr=on|1}} |Ship power=*{{convert|50000|PS|kW shp|lk=on|abbr=on}} |Ship propulsion=*2 shafts
|Ship speed= {{convert|35.5|kn|lk=in}} |Ship crew=12 officers, 209 crewmen (wartime) |Ship range={{convert|3000|nmi|lk=in|abbr=on}} at {{convert|15|kn}} |Ship armament=*5 × single Canon de 130 mm Modèle 1919
|Ship notes= }} |
The French destroyer Panthère was a {{sclass|Chacal|destroyer}} built for the French Navy during the 1920s. Aside from cruises to the English Channel and the French West Indies, she spent her entire career in the Mediterranean Sea. The ship was assigned to the Torpedo School at Toulon in 1932 and remained there until World War II began in September 1939. She was then assigned convoy escort duties in the Atlantic and was being refitted when the Battle of France began in May 1940. After the surrender of France a month later, Panthère was reduced to reserve. When the Germans attempted to seize the French fleet there in November 1942, she was one of the few ships that was not scuttled and was captured virtually intact.
The Germans later turned her over to the Royal Italian Navy (Regia Marina) who renamed her FR 22 when they recommissioned her in early 1943. The ship was scuttled when Italy surrendered in September and scrapped after the war.
Design and description
The Chacal-class ships were designed to counter the large Italian {{sclass|Leone|destroyer|2}}s. They had an overall length of {{convert|126.8|m|ftin|sp=us}}, a beam of {{convert|11.1|m|ftin|sp=us}},Jordan & Moulin, p. 22 and a draft of {{convert|4.1|m|ftin|sp=us}}. The ships displaced {{convert|2126|t|LT|sp=us}} at standardChesneau, p. 267 and {{convert|2980|-|3075|t|LT|sp=us}} at deep load. They were powered by two geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by five du Temple boilers. The turbines were designed to produce {{convert|50000|PS|kW shp|lk=on|sp=us}}, which would propel the ship at {{convert|35.5|kn|lk=in}}. During her sea trials on 20 April 1927, Panthère{{'}}s turbines provided {{convert|56900|PS|kW shp}} and she reached {{convert|35.7|kn}} for a single hour. The ships carried {{convert|530|t|LT|0|sp=us}} of fuel oil which gave them a range of {{convert|3000|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|15|kn}}. Their crew consisted of 10 officers and 187 crewmen in peacetime and 12 officers and 209 enlisted men in wartime.Jordan & Moulin, pp. 18, 22–27
The main armament of the Chacal-class ships consisted of five Canon de 130 mm Modèle 1919 guns in single mounts, one superfiring pair fore and aft of the superstructure and the fifth gun abaft the aft funnel. The guns were numbered '1' to '5' from front to rear. Their anti-aircraft armament consisted of two Canon de 75 mm modèle 1924 guns in single mounts positioned amidships. The ships carried two above-water triple sets of {{convert|550|mm|in|adj=on|sp=us|1}} torpedo tubes. A pair of depth charge chutes were built into their stern; these housed a total of twenty {{convert|200|kg|sp=us|adj=on}} depth charges. They were also fitted with four depth-charge throwers for which they carried a dozen {{convert|100|kg|sp=us|adj=on}} depth charges.Jordan & Moulin, pp. 27–33
Construction and career
Panthère, named after the eponymous feline, was ordered on 26 February 1923 from Arsenal de Lorient. She was laid down on 23 December 1923, once the slipway was vacated by her sister ship {{ship|French destroyer|Jaguar||2}}. Launched on 27 October 1924, commissioned on 1 November 1926, completed on 4 January 1927 and entered service a month later. Completion was delayed by problems with her propulsion machinery and late deliveries by sub-contractors. The ship was assigned to the 1st Large Destroyer Division (1ère division de contre-torpeilleurs) (DCT) of the Mediterranean Squadron (renamed 5th Light Division (Division légère) (DL) of the First Squadron (1ère Escadre) on 1 February 1927) based at Toulon upon completion, together with her sisters Jaguar and {{ship|French destroyer|Chacal||2}}. On 27 April 1927, Panthère participated in a naval review by Gaston Doumergue, President of France, off Marseilles. The ship was also present when he next reviewed the fleet on 3 July 1928 off Le Havre.Jordan & Moulin, pp. 20–21, 206, 209–11, 213–14 On 9 October 1928, Panthère got underway from Toulon with Chacal and Tigre to search for the missing submarine {{ship|French submarine|Ondine|Q121|2}}.[http://sous.marins.disparus.free.fr/index.php/sous-marins/40-ondine?showall=1 Sous-Marins Français Disparus & Accidents: Sous-Marin Ondine (in French) Accessed 14 October 2022]
Together with {{ship|French destroyer|Guépard||2}}, Panthère escorted the light cruisers {{ship|French cruiser|Lamotte-Picquet||2}} and {{ship|French cruiser|Primauguet|1924|2}} to the French West Indies between 17 January and 30 April 1930. Two months later, the ship participated in the naval review at Algiers on 10 May 1930 commemorating the centenary of the first French landing in Algeria on 13 June 1830. The four depth charge throwers were removed in 1932 and the ship was assigned to the 9th DL{{refn|The 9th DL went through a series of redesignations over the next few years. It became the 11th DL on 1 October 1934, the 1st DCT on 12 April 1937 and the 4th DCT on 15 September 1938.Jordan & Moulin, p. 217|group=Note}} of the Torpedo Training School (Ecole d'application du lancement à la mer) at Toulon on 1 October 1932. About two years later, the 75-millimeter guns were replaced by four twin mounts for Hotchkiss M1929 machine gun anti-aircraft machineguns.Jordan & Moulin, pp. 38, 210–11, 213, 217
When the war started in September 1939, Panthère was still assigned to the 4th DCT with her sisters {{ship|French destroyer|Tigre||2}} and {{ship|French destroyer|Lynx||2}}. She was assigned to the Western Command (Forces maritimes de l'Ouest) for convoy escort duties from October to May 1940 where she guarded convoys traveling between Gibraltar and Brest as well as Casablanca, French Morocco, and Le Verdon-sur-Mer. In October – December, two depth-charge throwers were reinstalled, No. 3 gun removed, and her depth charge stowage reduced to a dozen 200 kg and eight 100 kg depth charges to improve her stability.Jordan & Moulin, pp. 39, 225, 231
In May 1940, Panthère began a refit at Toulon that included the addition of piping between the forecastle and forward fuel tank to allow the ship to refuel at sea and the removal of the mainmast in favor of a platform with a twin-gun mount for the Canon de 37 mm Modèle 1925 light AA gun. When France surrendered on 22 June, she was still being worked on and only one propeller shaft was available. Shortly afterwards, the ship was reduced to reserve with only a skeleton crew aboard and her anti-aircraft guns were transferred to more modern ships.Jordan & Moulin, pp. 39–40, 231
On 27 November 1942, the ship was captured almost intact by the Germans when they occupied Toulon and was turned over to the Italians on 14 December. The Regia Marina redesignated her as FR 22 and she recommissioned on 19 January 1943 after Pierre Laval, head of Vichy France, agreed to transfer her on 11 January; she sailed to Taranto on 23 March where the Italians used her as a transport in Italian waters. The ship's most notable mission was when she transported former Italian Premier Benito Mussolini from Ponza Island to La Maddalena, Sardinia on 6 August. The ship was scuttled at La Spezia on 9 September 1943 following the Italian armistice and broken up after the war.Brescia, p. 135; Cernuschi & O'Hara, p. 143; Jordan & Moulin, pp. 248–49
Notes
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Citations
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References
- {{cite book|last=Brescia|first=Maurizio|title=Mussolini's Navy: A Reference Guide to the Regina Marina 1930–45|year=2012|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|isbn=978-1-59114-544-8}}
- {{cite book|editor=Jordan, John|publisher=Conway|location=London|year=2013|title=Warship 2013|isbn=978-1-84486-205-4|chapter=Toulon: The Self-Destruction and Salvage of the French Fleet|last1=Cernuschi|first1=Enrico|last2=O'Hara|first2=Vincent P.|name-list-style=amp|pages=134–48}}
- {{cite book|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946|editor1-last=Chesneau|editor1-first=Roger|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=Greenwich, UK|year=1980|isbn=0-85177-146-7}}
- {{cite book|last1=Jordan|first1=John|last2=Moulin|first2=Jean|title=French Destroyers: Torpilleurs d'Escadre & Contre-Torpilleurs 1922–1956|year=2015|publisher=Seaforth Publishing|location=Barnsley, UK|isbn=978-1-84832-198-4|name-list-style=amp}}
{{Chacal class destroyer}}
{{November 1942 shipwrecks}}
{{September 1943 shipwrecks}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Panthere}}
Category:Chacal-class destroyers
Category:Ships built in France
Category:Naval ships of France captured by Germany during World War II
Category:World War II destroyers of Italy