French ironclad Victorieuse

The La Galissonnière-class ironclads were designed as faster, more heavily armed versions of the {{sclass|Alma|ironclad|1}}s by Henri Dupuy de Lôme. They used the same central battery layout as their predecessors, although the battery was lengthened {{convert|4|m|ftin|sp=us}} to provide enough room to work the larger {{convert|240|mm|adj=on|1|sp=us}} guns. Victorieuse and her sister ship {{ship|French ironclad|Triomphante||2}} were modified by Sabattier who reduced the number of screws from two to one to improve their sailing qualities, added an {{convert|194|mm|1|sp=us|adj=on}} bow chaser under the forecastle and increased the caliber and number of the secondary armament.

Victorieuse was {{convert|76.85|m|ftin|sp=us}} between perpendiculars and had a beam of {{convert|14.88|m|ftin|sp=us}}. She had a mean draft of {{convert|6.3|m|ftin|sp=us}} and displaced {{convert|4150|t|LT|sp=us}}. Her crew numbered between 352 and 382 officers and men.Gardiner, p. 302

Victorieuse had a single vertical compound steam engine driving a single propeller. Her engine was powered by four oval boilers. During sea trials her engine produced {{convert|2214|ihp}} and the ship reached {{convert|12.75|kn}}. She only carried {{convert|330|MT|LT}} of coal which allowed her to steam for {{convert|2740|nmi}} at a speed of {{convert|10|kn}}. Victorieuse was also ship-rigged with three masts and had a sail area of {{convert|1730|sqm|sqft|sp=us}}.de Balincourt and Vincent-Bréchignac 1976, p. 26

Victorieuse mounted four of her six 240-millmeter Modèle 1870 guns in the central battery on the battery deck. The other two 240-millimeter guns were mounted in barbettes on the upper deck, sponsoned out over the sides of the ship, just forward of the funnel.Wright, pp. 59–60 A 194-millimeter chase gun was fitted under the forecastle. Victorieuse{{'}}s secondary armament of six {{convert|138|mm|in|adj=on|sp=us}} guns was also mounted on the upper deck.

The armor-piercing shell of the 19-caliber 240-millmeter gun weighed {{convert|317.5|lb|kg|1}} while the gun itself weighed {{convert|15.41|LT|t}}. It had a muzzle velocity of {{convert|1624|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}} and was credited with the ability to penetrate a nominal {{convert|14.4|in|mm|0}} of wrought iron armour at the muzzle. The 20-caliber 194-millimeter gun fired an armor-piercing, {{convert|165.3|lb|kg|1|adj=on}} shell while the gun itself weighed {{convert|7.83|LT|t}}. The gun fired its shell at a muzzle velocity of {{convert|1739|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}} and was credited with the ability to penetrate a nominal {{convert|12.5|in}} of wrought iron armour at the muzzle. The 138-millimeter gun was 21 calibers long and weighed {{convert|2.63|LT|t}}. It fired a {{convert|61.7|lb|kg|1|adj=on}} explosive shell that had a muzzle velocity of {{convert|1529|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}}. The guns could fire both solid shot and explosive shells.Brassey, p. 477

The ship also mounted four {{convert|37|mm|in|adj=on|sp=us}} Hotchkiss 5-barrel revolving guns.de Balincourt and Vincent-Bréchignac, p. 31 They fired a shell weighing about {{convert|500|g|lb|abbr=on}} at a muzzle velocity of about {{convert|610|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}} to a range of about {{convert|3200|m|yd|sp=us}}. They had a rate of fire of about 30 rounds per minute.{{cite web|url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNUS_1pounder_m1.htm|title=United States of America 1-pdr (0.45 kg) 1.46" (37 mm) Marks 1 through 15|date=15 August 2008|access-date=22 December 2009|publisher=Navweps.com}} Victorieuse also received several towed Harvey torpedoes.

The La Galissonnière-class ships had a complete {{convert|150|mm|in|sp=us|1|adj=on}} wrought iron waterline belt, approximately {{convert|2.4|m|ft|sp=us|1}} high laid over {{convert|650|mm|in|sp=us}} of wood.Wright, p. 59 The sides of the battery itself were armored with {{convert|120|mm|in|sp=us|1}} of wrought iron backed by {{convert|520|mm|in|sp=us}} of wood and the ends of the battery were closed by bulkheads of the same thickness. The barbette armor was {{convert|120|mm|in|sp=us}} thick.de Balincourt and Vincent-Bréchignac 1976, p. 27 The unarmored portions of their sides were protected by thin iron plates.

Victorieuse was laid down at Toulon on 5 August 1869 and launched on 18 November 1875.de Balincourt and Vincent-Bréchignac 1976, p. 31 While the exact reason for such prolonged construction time is not known, the budget for the French Navy was cut after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71 and the French dockyards had not been reformed with working practices more suitable for the industrial age.Ropp, pp. 31, 55–58 The ship was commissioned for her sea trials on 12 November 1876 and she was placed in reserve in Toulon after they were completed. She was recommissioned as the flagship of the Pacific Squadron on 17 August 1878 under the command of Rear Admiral Abel-Nicolas Bergasse du Petit-Thouars. The ship participated in the pacification of the Marquesas Islands in 1880, which had been conquered by the admiral's uncle (and adoptive father) Abel Aubert du Petit-Thouars forty years before. Victorieuse returned to Toulon on 23 May 1881.

The ship was recommissioned as the flagship of the China Squadron on 1 December 1881 under the command of Rear Admiral Meyer. She was relieved by her sister La Galissonnière in April 1884. She became flagship of the Levant Squadron after she arrived in France, but was in bad shape and soon placed in reserve at Cherbourg. Victorieuse became the flagship of Rear Admiral Barrera, second-in-command of the Northern Squadron on 10 February 1892. The ship was on summer maneuvers off the Iberian coast in July 1893.{{cite journal|date=4 July 1893|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1893/07/04/archives/frances-naval-manoeuvres-her-war-ships-ready-to-watch-the-evolu.html|title=France's Naval Manoeuvres|journal=New York Times|location=New York|access-date=18 July 2010}} Two years later she became the flagship of Rear Admiral Ménard. She was initially condemned in May 1897, but this was reversed so she could convoy torpedo boats to Bizerte. That plan was later cancelled and Victorieuse was paid off in 1899, becoming guardship of the outer harbor at Brest until finally condemned the following year.de Balincourt and Vincent-Bréchignac 1976, p. 32

{{reflist|2}}

• {{cite book|last=Brassey|first=Thomas|authorlink=Thomas Brassey, 1st Earl Brassey|title=The Naval Annual 1887|url=https://archive.org/details/brasseysannual00brasgoog|year=1888|publisher=J. Griffin|location=Portsmouth, England}}
• {{cite journal|last=de Balincourt|first=Captain|author2=Vincent-Bréchignac, Captain|year=1976|title=The French Navy of Yesterday: Ironclad Corvettes|journal=F.P.D.S. Newsletter|publisher=F.P.D.S.|location=Akron, OH|volume=IV|issue=4|pages=26–32 |oclc=41554533}}
• {{cite book|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905|editor=Gardiner, Robert|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=Greenwich|year=1979|isbn=0-8317-0302-4|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/conwaysallworlds0000unse_l2e2}}
• {{cite book

|last=Roberts

|first=Stephen

|title=French Warships in the Age of Steam 1859–1914

|year=2021

|location=Barnsley

|publisher=Seaforth

|isbn=978-1-5267-4533-0

|ref={{sfnref|Roberts}}

}}

• {{cite book|last=Ropp|first=Theodore|authorlink=Theodore Ropp|title=The Development of a Modern Navy: French Naval Policy 1871–1904|year=1987|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, MD|isbn=0-87021-141-2}}
• {{cite journal|last=Wright|first=Christopher C.|year=1982|title=La Galissonnière, the French Flagship at Alexandria in 1882|journal=Warship International|publisher=International Naval Research Organization|location=Toledo, OH|volume=XIX|issue=1|issn=0043-0374}}

{{La Galissonnière class ironclad}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Victorieuse}}

Category:Ships built in France

Category:La Galissonnière-class ironclads

Category:Corvettes of France

Category:1875 ships