French of France#Paris
{{Short description|French language dialect}}
{{Redirect|French French|other uses|French (disambiguation)}}
{{Expand French|Français de France|date=August 2013}}
{{Infobox language
| name = French of France
| altname = France French
Metropolitan French
Hexagonal French
Standard French
| nativename = {{lang|fr|français de France}}
{{lang|fr|français de métropole}}
{{lang|fr|français métropolitain}}
{{lang|fr|français hexagonal}}
{{lang|fr|français standard}}
| states = France
| familycolor = Indo-European
| fam2 = Italic
| fam3 = Latino-Faliscan
| fam4 = Latinic
| fam5 = Romance
| fam6 = Italo-Western
| fam7 = Western
| fam8 = Gallo-Iberian{{Cite web |url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/shif1234 |title=Glottolog 4.8 - Shifted Western Romance |date=2022-05-24 |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=Glottolog |last1=Hammarström |first1=Harald |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127113834/https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/shif1234 |archive-date=2023-11-27 |url-status=live |publisher=Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology |last2=Forkel |first2=Robert |last3=Haspelmath |first3=Martin |last4=Bank |first4=Sebastian}}
| fam9 = Gallo-Romance
| fam12 = Francien zone
| fam13 = French
| ancestor = Old Latin
| ancestor2 = Vulgar Latin
| ancestor3 = Proto-Romance
| ancestor4 = Old Gallo-Romance
| ancestor5 = Old French
| ancestor6 = Middle French
| script = Latin (French alphabet)
French Braille
| nation = France
| agency = {{lang|fr|Académie française|italic=no}} (French Academy)
|isoexception = dialect
| lingua = 51-AAA-i
| ietf = fr-FR
}}
French of France ({{Langx|fr|français de France}} {{IPA|fr|fʁɑ̃sɛ də fʁɑ̃s|}}) is the predominant variety of the French language in France, Andorra and Monaco, in its formal and informal registers. It has, for a long time, been associated with Standard French. It is now seen as a variety of French alongside Acadian French, Belgian French, Canadian/Quebec French, Swiss French, etc.{{Cite thesis |last=Peske |first=Mary |date=August 1981 |title=The French of the French Cree (Michif) Language |url=https://commons.und.edu/theses/3060 |type=MA thesis |publisher=University of North Dakota}}
Phonology
= Paris =
In Paris, nasal vowels are no longer pronounced as in traditional Parisian French: {{IPA|/ɑ̃/}} → {{IPA|[ɒ̃]}}, {{IPA|/ɛ̃/}} → {{IPA|[æ̃]}}, {{IPA|/ɔ̃/}} → {{IPA|[õ]}} and {{IPA|/œ̃/}} → {{IPA|[æ̃]}}. Many distinctions are lost: {{IPA|/a/}} and {{IPA|/ɑ/}}, {{IPA|/ɛ/}} and {{IPA|/ɛː/}}, {{IPA|/ø/}} and {{IPA|/ə/}}, {{IPA|/ɛ̃/}} and {{IPA|/œ̃/}}, and {{IPA|/nj/}} and {{IPA|/ɲ/}}. Otherwise, some speakers still distinguish {{IPA|/a/}} and {{IPA|/ɑ/}} in stressed syllables, but they pronounce the letter "â" as {{IPA|[aː]}}: pâte {{IPA|[paːt]}}.
= Southern region =
{{main article|Meridional French}}
In the south of France, nasal vowels have not changed and are still pronounced as in traditional Parisian French: enfant {{IPA|[ɑ̃ˈfɑ̃]}}, pain {{IPA|[pɛ̃]}}, bon {{IPA|[bɔ̃]}} and brun {{IPA|[bʁœ̃]}}. Many distinctions are lost. At the end of words, most speakers do not distinguish {{IPA|/e/}} and {{IPA|/ɛ/}}: both livré and livret are pronounced {{IPA|[liˈvʁe]}}. In closed syllables, they no longer distinguish {{IPA|/ɔ/}} and {{IPA|/o/}} or {{IPA|/œ/}} and {{IPA|/ø/}}: both notre and nôtre are pronounced {{IPA|[nɔtʁ̥]}}, and both jeune and jeûne are pronounced {{IPA|[ʒœn]}}. The distinctions of {{IPA|/a/}} and {{IPA|/ɑ/}} and of {{IPA|/ɛ/}} and {{IPA|/ɛː/}} are lost. Older speakers pronounce all es: chaque {{IPA|[ˈʃakə]}} and vêtement {{IPA|[ˈvɛtəmɑ̃]}}.
= Northern region =
In the north, both {{IPA|/a/}} and {{IPA|/ɑ/}} are pronounced as {{IPA|[ɔ]}} at the end, with là is pronounced {{IPA|[lɔ]}} and mât {{IPA|[mɔ]}}. Long vowels are still maintained: tête {{IPA|[teːt]}}, côte {{IPA|[koːt]}}.
= Lorraine =
Phonemic long vowels are still maintained: pâte {{IPA|[pɑːt]}} and fête {{IPA|[fɛːt]}}.{{Cite web|url=http://accentsdefrance.free.fr/|title=Les Accents des Français|website=accentsdefrance.free.fr}} Before {{IPA|/ʁ/}}, {{IPA|/a/}} changes to {{IPA|[ɑː]}}: guitare is pronounced {{IPA|[ɡiˈtɑːʁ]}} and voir {{IPA|[vwɑːʁ]}}.
See also
References
{{reflist}}
{{French dialects by continent}}
{{Gallo-Romance languages and dialects}}