Fritz Strack
{{Short description|German social psychologist}}
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| name = Fritz Strack
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| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1950|02|06}}
| birth_place = Landau, Pfalz, Germany
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| fields = Social psychology
| workplaces = University of Würzburg
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| education = University of Mannheim
Stanford University
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Fritz Strack (born February 6, 1950){{Cite web |url=http://wy2x05.psychologie.uni-wuerzburg.de/PSY2-PHP/ma_pics/strack_Vita_short.pdf |title=Fritz Strack Curriculum Vitae |publisher=University of Würzburg |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060207064734/http://wy2x05.psychologie.uni-wuerzburg.de/PSY2-PHP/ma_pics/strack_Vita_short.pdf |archive-date=2006-02-07 |access-date=2019-06-17}} is a German social psychologist and professor emeritus at the University of Würzburg.{{Cite web |url=https://www.psychologie.uni-wuerzburg.de/en/soz/team/prof-dr-fritz-strack/ |title=Prof. Dr. Fritz Strack |website=Lehrstuhl für Psychologie II |publisher=University of Würzburg |access-date=2019-06-17}} Strack is a member of Germany's National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina and was awarded the Ig Nobel Prize for psychology in 2019.{{Cite web|url=https://www.biotechniques.com/general-interest/who-are-this-years-ig-nobel-prize-winners/|title=Who Are This Year's Ig Nobel Prize Winners?|date=2019-10-14|website=BioTechniques|language=en|access-date=2019-10-20}}
He was the lead author of a frequently cited{{cite web |url=https://www.science.org/toc/science/316/5827 |title=About the Cover |date=18 May 2007 |website=science.sciencemag.org}}{{Failed verification|date=August 2021}} 1988 study that provided support for the facial feedback hypothesis.
Study on facial feedback
Strack's study asked participants to hold a pen in their mouths in such a way as to make them either smile or frown, and then had them rate how funny a series of the Far Side cartoons were. In this study, participants who were smiling rated the cartoons as funnier, on average, compared to those who were frowning.{{Cite journal |last1=Strack |first1=F. |last2=Martin |first2=L. L. |last3=Stepper |first3=S. |date=May 1988 |title=Inhibiting and facilitating conditions of the human smile: a nonobtrusive test of the facial feedback hypothesis |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology |volume=54 |issue=5 |pages=768–777 |issn=0022-3514 |pmid=3379579|doi=10.1037/0022-3514.54.5.768 |s2cid=15291233 }} In 2016, a study by a separate research team was published which failed to replicate the original study's results.{{Cite journal |last1=Wagenmakers |first1=E.-J. |last2=Beek |first2=T. |last3=Dijkhoff |first3=L. |last4=Gronau |first4=Q. F. |last5=Acosta |first5=A. |last6=Adams |first6=R. B. |last7=Albohn |first7=D. N. |last8=Allard |first8=E. S. |last9=Benning |first9=S. D. |date=November 2016 |title=Registered Replication Report: Strack, Martin, & Stepper (1988) |journal=Perspectives on Psychological Science |language=en |volume=11 |issue=6 |pages=917–928 |doi=10.1177/1745691616674458 |pmid=27784749 |issn=1745-6916|doi-access=free |hdl=10481/63078 |hdl-access=free }}{{Cite news |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/cover_story/2016/08/can_smiling_make_you_happier_maybe_maybe_not_we_have_no_idea.html |title=Sad Face |last=Engber |first=Daniel |date=2016-08-28 |work=Slate |access-date=2019-06-17 |language=en-US |issn=1091-2339}} Strack himself suggestedStrack, F. (2016). Reflection on the smiling registered replication report. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11(6), 929–930. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616674460 that the negative results of the replication study may have been caused by its researchers' use of a video camera to record the participants' responses. He also took issue with the replication study's choice of the same cartoons that had originally been used in 1985.{{Cite news |url=http://www.nature.com/news/psychologists-argue-about-whether-smiling-makes-cartoons-funnier-1.20929 |title=Psychologists argue about whether smiling makes cartoons funnier |last=Skibba |first=Ramin |date=2016-11-03 |work=Nature News |access-date=2019-06-17 |language=en |doi=10.1038/nature.2016.20929}} Subsequent research has supported Strack's claim that participants knowing they are being recorded by cameras led to the replication study's negative result.{{Cite journal |last1=Noah |first1=Tom |last2=Schul |first2=Yaacov |last3=Mayo |first3=Ruth |date=May 2018 |title=When both the original study and its failed replication are correct: Feeling observed eliminates the facial-feedback effect. |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology |language=en |volume=114 |issue=5 |pages=657–664 |doi=10.1037/pspa0000121 |pmid=29672101 |s2cid=4985655 |issn=1939-1315}}{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/oct/17/smiling-does-make-you-happier-under-carefully-controlled-conditions |title=Smiling does make you happier – under carefully controlled conditions |last=Paley |first=Christopher |date=2018-10-17 |work=The Guardian |access-date=2019-06-18 |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}} Further evidence has provided additional support for both the pen procedure and the validity of the facial-feedback hypothesis.Coles, N. A., Larsen, J. T., & Lench, H. C. (2019). A meta-analysis of the facial feedback literature: Effects of facial feedback on emotional experience are small and variable. Psychological Bulletin, 145(6), 610-651.Marsh, A. A., Rhoads, S. A., & Ryan, R. M. (2018). A multi-semester classroom demonstration yields evidence in support of the facial feedback effect. Emotion, 19(8), 1500–1504.
References
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External links
- [https://www.psychologie.uni-wuerzburg.de/en/soz/team/prof-dr-fritz-strack/ Faculty page]
- [http://strack.socialpsychology.org/ Profile] at Social Psychology Network
- {{Google Scholar id|0hgmLKMAAAAJ}}
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Category:German social psychologists
Category:Academic staff of the University of Würzburg
Category:University of Mannheim alumni
Category:Stanford University alumni
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