Frontier Conference

{{Short description|College athletic conference in the United States}}

{{About|the current NAIA conference in the American West|the previous conference with the same name that existed between 1940 and 1962|Frontier Conference (1940–1962)}}

{{Infobox sports league

| name = Frontier Conference

| logo = Frontier Conference logo.svg

| logo_size = 200

| founded = {{start date and age|1934}}

| association = NAIA

| teams = 6 (12 in 2025-26)

| sports = 16

| mens = 8

| womens = 8

| region = Western United States

| formerly = Montana Small College Conference (1934–1936)
Montana Collegiate Conference (1936–1966)

| headquarters = Whitefish, Montana

| commissioner = Dr. Scott Crawford

| website = {{url|https://fcsports.org/| fcsports.org}}

| map = Frontier Conference-USA-states.PNG

| map_size = 250

| color = #5070B6; {{box-shadow border|a|#CD0428|2px}}

| font_color = white

}}

The Frontier Conference is a college athletic conference affiliated with the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA). The conference was founded in 1934. Member institutions are located in the U.S. state of Montana, with associate members in the states of Arizona, Idaho, and Oregon.

The Frontier Conference sponsors athletic competition in men's and women's basketball, men's and women's cross country, men's football, men's and women's indoor and outdoor track and field, and women's volleyball.

History

The Montana Small College Conference (MSCC) was established in 1934 by the five smaller schools (Montana Technological University, the University of Montana Western, Montana State University–Northern, Intermountain Union College and Billings Polytechnic Institute) in the state. The MSCC was renamed as the Montana Collegiate Conference (MCC) in 1936, with the additions of Montana State University Billings and Carroll College joining. The merger of Intermountain Union and Billings Poly to become Rocky Mountain College occurred in 1947. After nearly three decades, the conference reestablished itself under its current moniker in November 1966, containing the same six schools until 1974.{{cite news |author= |title=Montana Collegiate League Changes Name |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/37840780/the_daily_herald/ |newspaper=Daily Herald |location=Provo, Utah |agency=United Press International |date=November 13, 1966 |page=20 |access-date=October 25, 2019 |via=Newspapers.com {{Open access}} }} The University of Providence (then the College of Great Falls) joined that year, however would only stay for a decade. MSU Billings left for the first incarnation of the Great Northwest Athletic Conference in 1988, leaving the Frontier at five members for another decade. The conference opened up outside of Montana for the first time in 1998, with schools from Idaho (Lewis–Clark State College) and Utah (Westminster College) joining. Great Falls rejoined in 1999. Dickinson State University joined in 2012, only to leave in 2014 to join the North Star Athletic Association (NSAA). Westminster (Utah) left for the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division II ranks and rejoined the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference (RMAC) in 2015. Lewis–Clark State left for the Cascade Collegiate Conference as a full member in 2020.{{cite news |url=https://www.montanasports.com/frontier/2019/05/20/lewis-clark-state-leaving-frontier-conference-to-join-cascade-collegiate-conference/ |title=Lewis-Clark State leaving Frontier Conference to join Cascade Collegiate Conference |access-date=March 18, 2020 |work=MontanaSports.com |date=May 20, 2019}}

=Recent changes=

On September 8, 2022, Arizona Christian University received an invitation to join the conference as an associate member for football, beginning the 2023 fall season of the 2023–24 academic year.{{cite news |title=Arizona Christian Firestorm Football to Join the Frontier Conference in 2023 |url=https://victorysportsnetwork.com/2022/09/08/arizona-christian-firestorm-football-to-join-the-frontier-conference-in-2023/ |access-date=September 10, 2022 |work=Victory Sports Network |date=September 8, 2022}}

On December 12, 2023, the Frontier Conference had offered an invitation to former member Dickinson State University;{{cite press release |title=Frontier Adding Dickinson State as Newest Conference Member |url=https://fcsports.org/news/2023/12/11/frontier-conference-frontier-adding-dickinson-state-as-newest-conference-member.aspx |website=Frontier Conference |access-date=December 12, 2023 |date=December 12, 2023}} while on May 21, 2024, Bellevue University, Dakota State University, Mayville State University and Valley City State University also received invitations to join the conference;{{cite press release |title=Frontier Conference Expands to 11 Full-time Members|url=https://fcsports.org/news/2024/5/20/frontier-conference-expands-to-11-full-time-members.aspx |website=Frontier Conference |access-date=May 21, 2024 |date=May 21, 2024}} and then on October 24, 2024, Bismarck State College, an institution coming from the junior college ranks, announced that it received an invitation to the conference, during its transition to the NAIA;{{cite press release |title=Bismarck State College announces transition to NAIA and the Frontier Conference|url=https://fcsports.org/news/2024/10/24/bismarck-state-college-announces-transition-to-naia-and-the-frontier-conference.aspx |website=Frontier Conference |access-date=October 24, 2024 |date=October 24, 2024}} all effective beginning the 2025–26 academic year.

On May 30, 2024, Simpson University accepted an invitation to join the conference as an associate member for football, beginning the 2025 fall season of the 2025–26 academic year.{{cite press release |title=Simpson University Football Joins Frontier Conference, Ushering in a New Era of Simpson Athletics |url=https://simpsonredhawks.com/news/2024/5/30/Simpson_University_Football_Joins_Frontier_Conferenc_Ushering_in_a_New_Era_of_Simpson_Athletics.aspx |publisher=Simpson University Athletics|date=May 30, 2024|access-date=May 30, 2024}}

=Chronological timeline=

{{OSM Location map

| float = right

| width = 450

| height = 400

| coord = {{coord|44.9|-104}}

| nolabels = 1

| title = Frontier Conference

| mark-coord = {{coord|46.012222|-112.557778}} |mark-size=10 |label=Montana Tech |label-pos= right |mark= Location dot blue.svg |label-color= black

| mark-coord1 = {{coord|45.208333|-112.638333}} |mark-size1=10 |label1=Montana Western |label-pos1= right |mark1= Location dot blue.svg |label-color1= black

| mark-coord2 = {{coord|46.600867|-112.039153}} |mark-size2=10 |label2=Carroll |label-pos2= right |mark2= Location dot blue.svg |label-color2= black

| mark-coord3 = {{coord|48.5421|-109.6887}} |mark-size3=10 |label3=MSU Northern |label-pos3= right |mark3= Location dot blue.svg |label-color3= black

| mark-coord4 = {{coord|45.796386|-108.554788}} |mark-size4=10 |label4=Rocky Mountain |label-pos4= right |mark4= Location dot blue.svg |label-color4= black

| mark-coord5 = {{coord|47.4916|-111.2706}} |mark-size5=10 |label5=Providence |label-pos5= right |mark5= Location dot blue.svg |label-color5= black

| mark-coord6 = {{coord|46.8825|-102.8004}} |mark-size6=10 |label6=Dickinson State |label-pos6= left |mark6= Location dot green.svg |label-color6= black

| mark-coord7 = {{coord|46.918889| -98.002778}} |mark-size7=10 |label7=Valley City State |label-pos7= bottom |mark7= Location dot green.svg

| mark-coord8 = {{coord|47.504722| -97.323333}} |mark-size8=10 |label8=Mayville State |label-pos8= top |mark8= Location dot green.svg

| mark-coord9 = {{coord|44.01229|-97.11285}} |mark-size9=10 |label9=Dakota State |label-pos9= left |mark9= Location dot green.svg

| mark-coord10 = {{coord|41.150556| -95.919167}} |mark-size10=10 |label10=Bellevue |label-pos10= left |mark10= Location dot green.svg

| mark-coord11 = {{coord|46.8210| -100.8161}} |mark-size11=10 |label11=Bismarck State |label-pos11= top |mark11= Location dot green.svg

| zoom = 5

| caption = Location of Frontier members: 10px current, 10px future

}}

Member schools

The Frontier Conference has 5 full members with football, 1 full member without football, and 4 football-only affiliate members. University of Providence does not field a football team. Arizona Christian, College of Idaho, Eastern Oregon and Southern Oregon are the football-only affiliates.{{cite news |url=http://www.idahopress.com/sports/colleges/c_of_i/college-of-idaho-football-to-join-frontier-conference-in/article_9d7be150-c089-11e1-9c76-0019bb2963f4.html |title=College of Idaho football to join Frontier Conference |work=Idaho Press |date=June 27, 2012 |access-date=January 13, 2013}}

=Current members=

The Frontier currently has six full members, half are private schools:

class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"

! Institution

! Location

! Founded

! Affiliation

! Enrollment

! Nickname

! Joined{{efn|group=full|Represents the calendar year when fall sports competition begins.}}

Carroll College

| Helena, Montana

| 1909

| Catholic
{{small|(Diocese of Helena)}}

| 1,502

| Fighting Saints

| 1935

Montana State University–Northern

| Havre, Montana

| 1929

| Public{{efn|group=full|name=MontUS|Part of the Montana University System.}}

| 1,207

| Lights &
Skylights

| 1935

Montana Technological University

| Butte, Montana

| 1889

| Public{{efn|group=full|name=MontUS}}

| 2,694

| Orediggers

| 1934

{{sort|Montana–Western|University of Montana Western}}

| Dillon, Montana

| 1893

| Public{{efn|group=full|name=MontUS}}

| 1,336

| Bulldogs

| 1934

University of Providence{{efn|group=full|Formerly known as the University of Great Falls until 2017.}}

| Great Falls, Montana

| 1932

| Catholic
{{small|(Ursulines)}}

| 800

| Argonauts

| 1974;
1999{{efn|group=full|Providence (then known as Great Falls) did not have an athletics program from 1984–85 to 1998–99.}}

Rocky Mountain College{{efn|group=full|Rocky Mountain was formed by a merger of Intermountain Union College and Billings Polytechnic Institute since late 1935. But their athletic programs continued until the end of the 1935–36 school year.}}

| Billings, Montana

| 1878

| various{{efn|group=full|Rocky Mountain has various affiliations: The Mainline Protestant, the United Methodist Church, the Presbyterian Church (USA), and the United Church of Christ.}}

| 894

| Battlin' Bears

| 1947

;Notes:

{{notelist|group=full}}

=Future members=

The Frontier will have six new members, five public schools and one private school:

class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"

! Institution

! Location

! Founded

! Affiliation

! Enrollment

! Nickname

! Joining{{efn|group=future|Represents the calendar year when fall sports competition begins.}}

! Current
conference

Bellevue University

| Bellevue, Nebraska

| 1966

| Nonsectarian

| 13,841

| Bruins

| rowspan=6 | 2025

| North Star (NSAA)

Bismarck State College

| Bismarck, North Dakota

| 1939

| Public{{efn|group=future|name=NDUS|Part of the North Dakota University System.}}

| 3,781

| Mystics

| Mon-Dak{{efn|group=future|Currently an NJCAA athletic conference.}}

Dakota State University

| Madison, South Dakota

| 1881

| Public

| 3,307

| Trojans

| rowspan=4 | North Star (NSAA)

Dickinson State University

| Dickinson, North Dakota

| 1918

| Public{{efn|group=future|name=NDUS}}

| 1,800

| Blue Hawks

Mayville State University

| Mayville, North Dakota

| 1889

| Public{{efn|group=future|name=NDUS}}

| 1,130

| Comets

Valley City State University

| Valley City, North Dakota

| 1890

| Public{{efn|group=future|name=NDUS}}

| 1,623

| Vikings

;Notes:

{{notelist|group=future}}

=Affiliate members=

The Frontier currently has four affiliate members, two of them are private schools:

class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"

! Institution

! Location

! Founded

! Affiliation

! Enrollment

! Nickname

! Joined{{efn|group=aff|Represents the calendar year when fall sports competition begins.}}

! Frontier
sport

! Primary
conference

Arizona Christian University

| Glendale, Arizona

| 1960

| Nondenominational

| 1,050

| Firestorm

| 2023

| rowspan="4" | Football

| Great Southwest (GSAC)

{{sort|Idaho College|College of Idaho}}

| Caldwell, Idaho

| 1891

| Presbyterian
{{small|(PCUSA)}}

| 1,010

| Coyotes

| 2014

| rowspan="3" | Cascade (CCC)

Eastern Oregon University

| La Grande, Oregon

| 1929

| rowspan="2" | Public

| 3,743

| Mountaineers

| 2008

Southern Oregon University

| Ashland, Oregon

| 1872

| 5,696

| Raiders

| 2012

;Notes:

{{notelist|group=aff}}

=Future affiliate members=

The Frontier will have one new affiliate member, a private school:

class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"

! Institution

! Location

! Founded

! Affiliation

! Enrollment

! Nickname

! Joining{{efn|group=futaff|Represents the calendar year when fall sports competition begins.}}

! Frontier
sport

! Primary
conference

Simpson University

| Redding, California

| 1921

| Christian &
Missionary Alliance

| 1,280

| Red Hawks

| 2025

| football

| California Pacific (CalPac)

;Notes:

{{notelist|group=futaff}}

=Former members=

The Frontier had four former full members, only one was a private school:

class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"

! Institution

! Location

! Founded

! Affiliation

! Enrollment

! Nickname

! Joined{{efn|group=former|Represents the calendar year when fall sports competition begins.}}

! Left{{efn|group=former|Represents the calendar year when spring sports competition ends.}}

! Subsequent
conference(s)

! Current
conference

bgcolor=lightgreen

| Dickinson State University{{efn|group=former|Dickinson State will be returning to the Frontier for the 2025–26 academic year.}}

| Dickinson, North Dakota

| 1918

| Public

| 2,572

| Blue Hawks

| 2012

| 2014

| colspan="2" | North Star (NSAA)
(2014–25)

Lewis–Clark State College

| Lewiston, Idaho

| 1893

| rowspan="2" | Public

| 4,500

| Warriors &
Lady Warriors

| 1998

| 2020

| colspan="2" | Cascade (CCC)
(2020–present)

Eastern Montana College{{efn|group=former|Currently known as Montana State University–Billings since 1994. Eastern Montana was the school name that reflected its use during conference membership.}}

| Billings, Montana

| 1927

| 4,600

| Yellowjackets

| 1933

| 1980

| various{{efn|group=former|Eastern Montana (now Montana State–Billings) had joined the following subsequent conferences: as an NCAA D-II Independent from 1980–81 to 1981–82; the Pacific West Conference{{efn|group=former|name=D2|Currently an NCAA Division II athletic conference.}} (PacWest) from 1982–83 to 2004–05 (originally known as the Great Northwest Conference from 1982–83 to 1991–92); and the Heartland Conference{{efn|group=former|name=D2}} from 2005–06 to 2006–07.}}

| Great Northwest (GNAC){{efn|group=former|name=D2}}
(2007–present)

Westminster College{{efn|group=former|Currently known as Westminster University since 2023.}}

| Salt Lake City, Utah

| 1875

| Nonsectarian

| 3,108

| Griffins

| 1998

| 2015

| colspan="2" | Rocky Mountain (RMAC){{efn|group=former|name=D2}}
(2015–present)

;Notes:

{{notelist|group=former}}

=Membership timeline=

DateFormat = yyyy

ImageSize = width:900 height:auto barincrement:20

Period = from:1933 till:2043

TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal

PlotArea = right:5 left:5 bottom:40 top:5

Colors = id:barcolor value:rgb(0.99,0.7,0.7)

id:line value:black

id:bg value:white

id:Full value:rgb(0.7,0.9,0.8) # Use this color to denote a team that is a member in all sports

id:FullxF value:rgb(0.9,0.8,0.7) # Use this color to denote a team that is a member in all sports except for football

id:AssocF value:rgb(0.9,0.7,0.8) # Use this color to denote a team that is a member for football only

id:AssocOS value:rgb(0.8,0.9,0.7) # Use this color to denote a team that is a member for another sport only

id:OtherC1 value:rgb(0.996,0.996,0.699) # Use this color to denote a team that has moved in another conference

id:OtherC2 value:rgb(0.988,0.703,0.383) # Use this color to denote a team that has moved in another conference when the other color has already been used

PlotData =

width:15 textcolor:black shift:(5,-5) anchor:from fontsize:s

bar:1 color:FullxF from:1933 till:1934 text:Billings Poly (1933–47)

bar:1 color:Full from:1934 till:1947

bar:2 color:FullxF from:1933 till:1934 text:Intemountain Union (1933–47)

bar:2 color:Full from:1934 till:1947

bar:3 color:FullxF from:1933 till:1934 text:Eastern Montana (1933–80)

bar:3 color:Full from:1934 till:1979

bar:3 color:FullxF from:1979 till:1980

bar:4 color:FullxF from:1933 till:1934 text:Montana Mines (1933–65)

bar:4 color:Full from:1934 till:1965

bar:4 color:Full from:1965 till:end text:Montana Tech (1965–present)

bar:5 color:FullxF from:1933 till:1934 text:Montana Normal (1933–49)

bar:5 color:Full from:1934 till:1949

bar:5 color:Full from:1949 till:2001 text:Western Montana (1949–2001)

bar:5 color:Full from:2001 till:end text:Montana–Western (2001–present)

bar:6 color:Full from:1935 till:end text:Carroll (MT) (1935–present)

bar:7 color:Full from:1935 till:1972 text:Northern Montana (1935–94)

bar:7 color:FullxF from:1972 till:1994

bar:7 color:FullxF from:1994 till:1999 text:Montana State–Northern (1994–present)

bar:7 color:Full from:1999 till:end

bar:8 color:Full from:1947 till:end text:Rocky Mountain (1947–present)

bar:9 color:FullxF from:1974 till:1984 text:Great Falls (1974–84, 1999–2017)

bar:9 color:FullxF from:1999 till:2017

bar:9 color:FullxF from:2017 till:end text:Univ. of Providence (2017–present)

bar:10 color:FullxF from:1998 till:2020 text:Lewis–Clark State (1998–2020)

bar:11 color:FullxF from:1998 till:2015 text:Westminster (UT) (1998–2015)

bar:12 color:AssocF from:2008 till:end text:Eastern Oregon (2008–present)

bar:13 color:Full from:2012 till:2014 text:Dickinson State (2012–14, 2025–future)

bar:13 color:Full from:2025 till:end

bar:14 color:AssocF from:2012 till:end text:Southern Oregon (2012–present)

bar:15 color:AssocF from:2014 till:end text:College of Idaho (2014–present)

bar:16 color:AssocF from:2023 till:end text:Arizona Christian (2023–present)

bar:17 color:FullxF from:2025 till:end text:Bellevue (2025–future)

bar:18 color:FullxF from:2025 till:end text:Bismarck State (2025–future)

bar:19 color:Full from:2025 till:end text:Dakota State (2025–future)

bar:20 color:Full from:2025 till:end text:Mayville State (2025–future)

bar:21 color:Full from:2025 till:end text:Valley City State (2025–future)

bar:22 color:AssocF from:2025 till:end text:Simpson (2025–future)

bar:N color:powderblue from:1933 till:1936 text:MSCC

bar:N shift:(20) color:red from:1936 till:1966 text:Montana Collegiate Conference

bar:N color:powderblue from:1966 till:end text:Frontier Conference

ScaleMajor = gridcolor:line unit:year increment:5 start:1935

TextData =

fontsize:M

textcolor:black

pos:(0,25) tabs:(400-center)

text:^"Frontier Conference membership history"

  1. > If the chart uses more than one bar color, add a legend by selecting the appropriate fields from the following three options (use only the colors that are used in the graphic.) Leave a blank line after the end of the timeline, then add a line with the selected values from the list, separated by a space.

{{Font color||{{RGB|178|229|204}}| Full member (all sports) }}

{{Font color||{{RGB|229|204|178}}| Full member (non-football) }}

{{Font color||{{RGB|229|178|204}}| Associate member (football-only) }}

<#

{{Font color||{{RGB|178|229|204}}| Full member (all sports) }}

{{Font color||{{RGB|229|204|178}}| Full member (non-football) }}

{{Font color||{{RGB|229|178|204}}| Associate member (football-only) }}

National championships

=Basketball=

Montana Western won the NAIA national title in Division I Women's basketball, in 2019.

Rocky Mountain won the national title in men's basketball, NAIA Division I, in 2009.

Montana State-Northern won the national title in women's basketball, NAIA Division II, in 1993.

Carroll reached the semi-finals in men's basketball in 2005, as did Lewis-Clark State in women's basketball in 2001.

University of Providence reached finals in women's basketball in 2024, Providence defeated Carroll College in the semi finals.This marked the first time two Frontier teams meet in the national tournament.

=Football=

Carroll has won the NAIA national championship six times: four straight, from 2002 to 2005, also in 2007 and 2010, and has been runner-up twice.

Southern Oregon won the NAIA national championship in the 2014 season.

Montana Tech was the national runner-up in 1996.

=Wrestling=

Montana State-Northern has won six wrestling titles: 1991, 1992, 1998-2000, 2004, and was runner-up in 1990, 1993, and 2002.

Montana Western was co-champion in 1994.

In 2014, the University of Great Falls was second and Montana State-Northern took third at the NAIA national wrestling championship.

=Bowling=

College of Great Falls (now University of Providence) was the 1973 Men's NAIA National Bowling Champion.

Conference champions

=Football=

;By team

class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
rowspan=2|Team

!colspan=2|Conference

Titles

!Last
title

{{left}}Carroll

|39

|2022

{{left}}Montana Western

|21

|2024

{{left}}Montana Tech

|15

|2016

{{left}}Rocky Mountain

|11

|2021

{{left}}MSU Billings

|11

|1975

{{left}}College of Idaho

|4

|2022

{{left}}Southern Oregon

|2

|2017

{{left}}Eastern Oregon

|1

|2020

;By year

{{col-start}}

{{col-break}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
Year

!Team

1935

|Montana Western

1936

|Montana Tech
Montana Western

1937

|Rocky Mountain

1938

|Rocky Mountain

1939

|Montana Tech

1940

|Caroll

1941

|Caroll

1942

|No games, WWII

1943

|No games, WWII

1944

|No games, WWII

1945

|No games, WWII

1946

|Montana Western

1947

|Montana Western

1948

|MSU Billings

1949

|Montana Western

1950

|Carroll

1951

|Carroll

1952

|Carroll

1953

|Carroll

1954

|Carroll

1955

|Rocky Mountain

1956

|Rocky Mountain

1957

|MSU Billings

1958

|MSU Billings

1959

|Carroll
MSU Billings

1960

|MSU Billings
Rocky Mountain

{{col-break}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
Year

!Team

1961

|Montana Western

1962

|Montana Western

1963

|Montana Western

1964

|MSU Billings

1965

|MSU Billings

1966

|MSU Billings

1967

|Montana Western

1968

|MSU Billings

1969

|Montana Western

1970

|Montana Tech

1971

|MSU Billings

1972

|Carroll
Montana Tech

1973

|Carroll

1974

|Carroll

1975

|MSU Billings

1976

|Carroll

1977

|Montana Western

1978

|Carroll

1979

|Montana Tech

1980

|Carroll
Montana Western

1981

|Carroll

1982

|Carroll
Montana Western

1983

|Montana Tech

1984

|Rocky Mountain

1985

|Carroll

{{col-break}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
Year

!Team

1986

|Carroll

1987

|Carroll

1988

|Carroll

1989

|Carroll

1990

|Carroll

1991

|Rocky Mountain

1992

|Montana Tech

1993

|Carroll
Montana Western

1994

|Montana Western

1995

|Montana Western

1996

|Montana Tech

1997

|Montana Tech

1998

|Rocky Mountain

1999

|Rocky Mountain

2000

|Carroll

2001

|Carroll

2002

|Carroll
Montana Western

2003

|Carroll

2004

|Carroll
Montana Tech
Montana Western

2005

|Carroll

2006

|Carroll

2007

|Carroll

2008

|Carroll

2009

|Carroll

2010

|Carroll

{{col-break}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
Year

!Team

2011

|Carroll

2012

|Montana Tech
Southern Oregon

2013

|Carroll

2014

|Carroll

2015

|Montana Tech

2016

|Montana Tech

2017

|Southern Oregon

2018

|Rocky Mountain

2019

|College of Idaho

2020

|Carroll
College of Idaho
Eastern Oregon

2021

|College of Idaho
Montana Western
Rocky Mountain

2022

|Carroll
College of Idaho

2023

|Montana Western

2024

|Montana Western

{{col-end}}

{{cite web |url=https://fcsports.org/sports/2020/10/23/FB_1023204325.aspx |title=Frontier Football History |author= |website=fcsports.org |access-date=November 8, 2024}}

See also

References

{{Reflist}}