Fue (flute)
{{Short description|Class of flutes native to Japan}}
{{Italic title|reason=:Category:Japanese words and phrases}}
{{nihongo||笛/ふえ|Fue}} is the Japanese word for bamboo flute, and refers to a class of flutes native to Japan. {{transl|ja|Fue}} come in many varieties, but are generally high-pitched and made of a bamboo called {{transl|ja|shinobue}}. [http://www.drumdojo.com/taiko.htm Taiko – Japanese Drumming"]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821143727/http://www.drumdojo.com/taiko.htm |date=2008-08-21 }}, Drumdojo Magazine, Ed. Paul Marshall, 2000, Retrieved 6 July 2008. The most popular of the {{transl|ja|fue}} is the {{transl|ja|shakuhachi}}.
Categorization
{{transl|ja|Fue}} are traditionally broken up into two basic categories – the transverse flute and the end-blown flute.[http://jtrad.columbia.jp/eng/i_fue.html "Fue (Flute)." Japanese Traditional Music". ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080311200258/http://jtrad.columbia.jp/eng/i_fue.html |date=2008-03-11 }}, 2002, Columbia Music Entertainment, retrieved 6 July 2008 Transverse flutes are held to the side, with the musician blowing across a hole near one end; end-blown flutes are held vertically and the musician blows into one end.[http://jtrad.columbia.jp/eng/i_fue.html "Fue (Flute)", Japanese Traditional Music] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080311200258/http://jtrad.columbia.jp/eng/i_fue.html |date=2008-03-11 }}, 2002, Columbia Music Entertainment, retrieved 6 July 2008
History
The earliest {{transl|ja|fue}} may have developed from pitch pipes known as {{transl|zh|paixiao}} in Chinese.Malm, William P. Traditional Japanese Music and Musical Instruments. 1959. Rev. ed. Otowa: Kodansha International, 2000. The {{transl|ja|gabachi}} instrument eventually made its way over to Japan from China in the 5th century,[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9405E4D91431F933A25756C0A96E958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all Tagliaferro, Linda. "Music and Nature in a Japanese Flute."] New York Times, 10 May 1998 retrieved 6 July 2008 becoming prevalent during the Nara Period.
Soon after the introduction of {{transl|ja|fue}} instruments, members of the Fuke sect of Zen Buddhism made normal use of the {{transl|ja|shakuhachi}}. These "priests of nothingness" viewed the instruments as spiritual tools, using them for {{transl|ja|suizen}}, or "blowing meditation".[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9405E4D91431F933A25756C0A96E958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all Tagliaferro, Linda. "Music and Nature in a Japanese Flute".] New York Times, 10 May 1998, retrieved 6 July 2008 Modern {{transl|ja|fue}} performance may feature a soloist or involve either a chamber or large ensemble of the instruments.
Instruments
Japanese {{transl|ja|fue}} include many different varieties of Japanese flute, including the following:
| class="wikitable" | |||
| Image | Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 75px
| {{transl|ja|Shakuhachi}} | End-blown | One of the most popular and oldest of the Japanese {{transl|ja|fue}} | |||
| 75px
| {{transl|ja|Hotchiku}} | End-blown | Made from the same material as the {{transl|ja|shakuhachi}} | |||
| 75px
| {{transl|ja|Hichiriki}} | End-blown | A unique {{transl|ja|fue}} in that it is a double reed instrument. | |||
| | {{transl|ja|Gakubue}}
| Transverse | Traditional {{transl|ja|fue}} | |||
| 100px
| {{transl|ja|Komabue}} | Transverse | This {{transl|ja|fue}} is for {{transl|ja|komagaku}}, a type of music used for dances associated with {{transl|ja|gagaku}} Imperial Court music. | |||
| 35px
| {{transl|ja|Ryūteki}} | Transverse | Used in Japanese music seeming to have a Chinese origin. Its sound is said to represent the ascension of dragons. | |||
| 100px
| {{transl|ja|Nohkan}} | Transverse | A flute used in the Noh theatre and {{transl|ja|hayashi}} ensembles. | |||
| 75px
| {{transl|ja|Shinobue}} | Transverse | Also called the bamboo flute, it is used for {{transl|ja|nagauta}}, the background music used in kabuki theatre. | |||
| 100px
| {{transl|ja|Kagurabue}} | Transverse | This {{transl|ja|fue}} is used in a type of Japanese music called {{transl|ja|mikagura}}. At {{convert|45.5|cm}} long, it is the longest {{transl|ja|fue}}. | |||
| 35px
| {{transl|ja|Minteki}} (also known as the {{transl|ja|Seiteki}}) | Transverse | Used in ceremony. The sympathetically vibrating membrane, such as on a Chinese {{transl|zh|dizi}}, is visible in the photograph between the embouchure hole and finger holes. |
References
{{Reflist}}
{{wiktionary|fue}}
{{commonscat|Fue}}
{{Flutes}}
{{Fue}}