Fujiwara no Umakai
{{short description|Japanese noble}}
{{Infobox peer
|name = Fujiwara no Umakai
|image = Fujiwara no Umakai.jpg
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|caption = Fujiwara no Umakai drawn by Kikuchi Yōsai
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|birth_date = 694
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|death_date = 7 September 737
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|nationality = Japanese
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|parents = Fujiwara no Fuhito (father)
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{{family name hatnote|Fujiwara|lang=Japanese}}
{{nihongo|Fujiwara no Umakai|藤原 宇合|extra=694 – September 7, 737}} was a Japanese statesman, courtier, general and politician during the Nara period.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Fujiwara no Umakai" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|Japan Encyclopedia, p. 211|page=211}}; Brinkley, Frank et al. (1915). {{Google books|JlUCAAAAYAAJ|A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era, p. 203.|page=203}} The third son of Fujiwara no Fuhito, he founded the Shikike ("Ceremonials") branch of the Fujiwara clan.
Career
He was a diplomat during the reign of Empress GenshōTitsingh, Isaac. (1834). {{Google books|18oNAAAAIAAJ|Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 65|page=65}}; see "Fousiwara-no Nokiafi", pre-Hepburn romanization and a minister during the reign of Emperor Shōmu. In the Imperial court, Umakai was the chief of protocol (Shikibu-kyō).Nussbaum, "Shikibu-kyō" at {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|p. 856|page=856}}
- 716 (Reiki 2): Along with {{nihongo|Tajihi no Agatamori|多治比縣守|}}, {{nihongo|Abe no Yasumaro|阿倍安麻呂|}} and {{nihongo|Ōtomo no Yamamori|大伴山守|}}, Umakai was named to be part of a Japanese diplomatic mission to Tang China in 717-718. Kibi no Makibi and the Buddhist monk Genbō were also part of the entourage.Fogel, Joshua. (1996). {{Google books|MC6L3Re0yqgC|The Literature of Travel in the Japanese Rediscovery of China, p. 22|page=22}}; excerpt, "Like Genbō, Kibi no Makibi remained in China after the embassy ships returned to Japan, returning home himself at the same time as Genbo seventeen years later."
- 724 (Jinki 1, 1st month): Umakai led an army against the emishi;Brinkley, {{Google books|JlUCAAAAYAAJ|p. 223.|page=223}} but this military campaign was later judged to have been unsuccessful.Brinkley, {{Google books|JlUCAAAAYAAJ|p. 220.|page=220}}
- 729 (Tenpyō 1): The emperor invested Umakai with the power to raise an army to quash a revolt, but the cause for alarm was dissipated without the need for military action.Titsingh,{{Google books|18oNAAAAIAAJ|p. 68|page=68}}
- 737 (Tenpyō 9): Umakai died at age 44.Titsingh,{{Google books|18oNAAAAIAAJ|p. 69|page=69}} The 735–737 Japanese smallpox epidemic caused the death of Umakai and his three brothers.Brinkley, {{Google books|JlUCAAAAYAAJ|p. 190.|page=190}}
Genealogy
This member of the Fujiwara clan was son of Fujiwara no Fuhito. Umakai had three brothers: Muchimaro, Fusasaki, and Maro. These four brothers are known for having established the "four houses" of the Fujiwara.Brinkley, {{Google books|JlUCAAAAYAAJ|p. 203.|page=203}}; excerpt, "Muchimaro's home, being in the south (nan) of the capital, was called Nan-ke; Fusazaki's, being in the north (hoku), was termed Hoku-ke; Umakai's was spoken of as Shiki-ke, since he presided over the Department of Ceremonies (shiki), and Maro's went by the name of Kyō-ke, this term also having reference to his office."
Umakai's children included: Fujiwara no HirotsuguNussbaum, "Fujiwara no Hirotsugu" at {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|p. 202|page=202}} and Fujiwara no MomokawaNussbaum, "Fujiwara no Momokawa" at {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|p. 206|page=206}}
Family
- Father: Fujiwara no Fuhito
- Mother: Soga no Shōshi (蘇我娼子, ?–?), daughter of Soga no Murajiko (蘇我連子).
- Wife: Isonokami no Kunimina no Ōtoji (石上国盛), daughter of Isonokami no Maro (石上麻呂).
- 1st son: Fujiwara no Hirotsugu (藤原広嗣, ?–740)
- 2nd son: Fujiwara no Yoshitsugu (藤原良継, 716–777)
- Wife: Takahashi no Aneko (高橋阿禰娘), daughter of Takahashi no Kasa no Ason (高橋笠朝臣).
- 3rd son: Fujiwara no Kiyonari (藤原清成, 716–777)
- Wife: unclear name (小治田功麿男牛養女)
- 5th son: Fujiwara no Tamaro (藤原田麻呂, 722–783)
- Wife: Kume no Wakame (久米若女), daughter of 久米奈保麻呂?
- 8th son: Fujiwara no Momokawa (藤原百川, 732-779)
- Wife: named (佐伯家主娘), daughter of 佐伯徳麻呂.
- 9th son: Fujiwara no Kurajimaro (藤原蔵下麻呂, 734–775)
- Children with unknown mother:
- 4th son: Fujiwara no Tsunate (藤原綱手, ?–740)
- Daughter: name unknown, wife of Fujiwara no Uona.
- Daughter: name unknown, wife of Fujiwara no Kosemaro (藤原巨勢麻呂).
- Daughter: named (掃子), possibly mother of Fujiwara no Tsunatsugu (藤原綱継).
Notes
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References
- Brinkley, Frank and Dairoku Kikuchi. (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era. New York: Encyclopædia Britannica. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/413099 OCLC 413099]
- Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC Japan encyclopedia.] Cambridge: Harvard University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58053128?referer=di&ht=edition OCLC 58053128]
- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran Annales des empereurs du Japon] (Nihon Odai Ichiran). Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691]
{{Fujiwara family tree}}
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Category:People of Asuka-period Japan
Category:People of Nara-period Japan