Furness Abbey

File:Furness Abbey Cumbria UK.jpg

Founded in 1123 by Stephen, Count of Boulogne, it was built originally for the Order of Savigny.[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06324a.htm Furness Abbey] - Catholic Encyclopedia article Located in the 'Vale of Nightshade', south of Dalton-in-Furness, the abbey is built entirely out of local sandstone. It passed in 1147 to the Cistercians, who gradually enlarged and rebuilt the original ornate church. The majority of the current ruins date from the 12th and 13th centuries. By the 15th century, it had been completely remodelled and had become the second richest and most powerful – as well as one of the grandest – Cistercian abbeys in England, behind Fountains Abbey. The Gothic-style monastery and its adjacent structures cover an expansive area of land and reach a maximum height of {{convert|40|m|ft|0}} above ground level.[http://www.skyscrapernews.com/buildings.php?id=6658 Skyscraper News Furness Abbey]

The monks of the abbey were large landowners, and the most powerful body in what was then a remote border territory. In particular, they were heavily influential on the Isle of Man. One of the kings of Mann and the Isles is buried at the abbey, as are many of the Bishops of Sodor and Man. Rushen Abbey on the Isle of Man was built on land owned by the monks.[http://www.ingram-consultancy.co.uk/projects/rushen.htm Rushen Abbey, Isle of Man] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051120114858/http://www.ingram-consultancy.co.uk/projects/rushen.htm |date=2005-11-20 }}, Ingram Consultancy They also owned mines on the island, and built Piel Castle to control trade between the Furness Peninsula and the Isle of Man.

Being about 70 miles down the coast from Scotland, the monks occasionally found themselves in between the frequently warring Scots and English. When Robert the Bruce invaded England, during The Great Raid of 1322, the abbot paid to lodge and support him, rather than risk losing the wealth and power of the abbey.

The Abbey was disestablished and destroyed in 1537 during the English Reformation under the orders of Henry VIII.

The abbey now lies in ruins and is on the Cistercian Way – a walk which used to link the abbey with the nearby town of Dalton-in-Furness. William Wordsworth visited several times and referred to it in his 1805 autobiographical poem The Prelude, whilst J. M. W. Turner made numerous etchings of the abbey. Queen Victoria and her lady in waiting Augusta Stanley are known to have visited in 1848 based on the diaries of the latter. Other notable tourists include the Theodore Roosevelt family. It was the first unguided visit on their European tour. A young Teddy Roosevelt and his siblings played on the ruins, which, in 1869, were not roped off or restricted.David McCullough, Mornings on Horseback (NY: Simon & Schuster, 1981), 76-8 In 1896, while touring industrial Northern England, Chinese statesman Li Hongzhang visited the abbey site. Viceroy Li stayed longer than expected, so that his schedule had to be rearranged.Hunt, I. Fenty's Album 1975 p.26 photograph {{ISBN|090435802X}}

The Furness Abbey complex is a Scheduled Monument and Conservation Area containing five Grade I listed buildings and structures. Restoration work took place between 2008 and 2017 amid fears that part of the abbey could have collapsed.[http://www.nwemail.co.uk/Furness-Abbey-set-to-re-emerge-in-all-its-glory-after-years-of-conservation-work-9d3725db-6f3e-4e13-95ce-efd45cef91d0-ds] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102082405/http://www.nwemail.co.uk/Furness-Abbey-set-to-re-emerge-in-all-its-glory-after-years-of-conservation-work-9d3725db-6f3e-4e13-95ce-efd45cef91d0-ds |date=2 January 2017 }} North West Evening Mail, 1 January 2017

File:Furness Abbey 03.jpg

File:General view, Furness Abbey, England-LCCN2002696756.jpg

There are many stories and sightings claiming that Furness Abbey is haunted. There are supposedly at least three ghosts which have been seen numerous times at the Abbey. First, it is said that the spirit of a monk has been seen climbing a staircase and also possibly walking towards the gatehouse before vanishing into a wall.{{cite book |title=Ghostly Cumbria |publisher=The History Press |date= 2014 |isbn=9780750959896 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XCibBAAAQBAJ&q=Ghostly+Cumbria |access-date=7 March 2015}} Another sighting is that of a squire's daughter. She was known to meet her lover at the ruined abbey after the Reformation, although one day her partner took a journey out to sea from which he never returned. It is thought that the girl went back to the Abbey every day until her death to the site she and her partner once loved; the track she walked is today still known as "My Lady's Walk." There have also been many sightings of a white lady, although due to possible conflicting stories, it is unclear whether the White Lady and the ghost of the squire's daughter are of the same person or not. Possibly the most famous ghost of Furness Abbey is a headless monk on horseback, who rides underneath the sandstone arch near the Abbey Tavern; the death of this individual is linked to an invasion by the Scots in 1316.

A tunnel is said to run underneath the Abbey to both Piel Castle and Dalton Castle, allowing the monks to receive supplies and keep watch upon the local settlements. It has also been rumoured that the Holy Grail and King John's missing jewels are hidden somewhere inside the 'Ley tunnel'.{{cite web |url=http://www.barrowbc.gov.uk/pdf/Barrow_OG-web.pdf |title=Official Guide and Street Plan |publisher=Barrow Borough Council |access-date=7 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718035624/http://www.barrowbc.gov.uk/pdf/Barrow_OG-web.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2013 }}

File:Furness Abbey, Cumbria 1877.jpg (1877)]]

Furness Abbey has hosted a number of large-scale mystery plays. The first of these were performed over several consecutive nights in 1958. The mystery plays continued throughout the 1960s until the recruitment of participants, perhaps over 100, became difficult. Author Melvyn Bragg attended the 1988 mystery plays revival, which were the last such performances at the abbey. Prince Edward has also attended a mystery play.[http://www.furnessabbey.org.uk/page79.html Furness Abbey Visitors][http://www.furnessabbey.org.uk/page67.html Furness Abbey Mystery Plays]

Furness Abbey is located off Manor Road close to Barrow's main thoroughfare, Abbey Road, which is named after the Abbey itself. The Abbey also lies next to the Furness Line and was served by Furness Abbey railway station until closure in 1950. The closest stations are now Roose and Dalton.

English Heritage operates a small visitor centre at Furness Abbey which includes a number of stone carvings and effigies as well as a gift shop. It, alongside the abbey is open to the public between 10am and 6pm daily, although this is restricted to 10am to 4pm on weekends within the winter/spring season. Free passes are available for English Heritage members as well as local residents, while standard visitor entry in 2018 is £5.70 per adult. During Winter venturing into the Abbey is strongly discouraged due to the Abbey grounds being prone to flooding.

• William de Mowbray
• William Russell, former Bishop of Mann and the Isles
• Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson
• Rǫgnvaldr Óláfsson

{{Wikisource|Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832/Furness Abbey|'Furness Abbey, in the Vale of Nightshade, Lancashire',
a poetical illustration
by L. E. L.}}

{{Wikisource|Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1835/Chapter House, Furness Abbey|'Chapter House, Furness Abbey',
a poetical illustration
by L. E. L.}}

In addition to work by William Wordsworth, Furness Abbey features twice in the Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Books of the 1830s, both with a poetical illustration by Letitia Elizabeth Landon: in the 1832 edition: Furness Abbey, in the Vale of Nightshade, Lancashire to a drawing by Harwood, in which she 'sighs for the days of the veil and the vow', as an escape from the vanity of the modern world;{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP132|section=picture|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=8MpcAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PP134|section=poetical illustration|year=1831|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}} and, in the 1835 edition: Chapter House, Furness Abbey to a painting by Thomas Allom, a descriptive passage from the French of Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve.{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1835|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=Bzk_AAAAYAAJ&pg=GBS.PA58|section=picture and poetical illustration|pages=49-50|year=1834|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}

File:Furness Abbey 08.jpg|Detail of some of the abbey's arch ways

File:Furness Abbey 10.jpg|Ruined pillars within the chapter

File:Furness Abbey 04.jpg|View towards the former quire and presbytery along the nave

File:Furness Abbey Ruins, The Lake District.jpg|Ruins of the infirmary

File:Furness Abbey 01.jpg|The abbey viewed from the south-east including the reredorter

File:Furness Abbey 09.jpg|Ruins of the east range

File:Furness_Abbey_Capells_Extra_Portas_Gateway-geograph.org.uk-2433985.jpg|Former gateway to the abbey

File:13th_century_grave_cover_(Furness_Abbey)_(cropped).jpg|Grave cover on display in the visitor centre

Furness_Abbey,_1888.jpg|1888 depiction of the abbey prior to destruction

File:Furnes_abbey_by_W._Byrne_%26_S._Middiman_-_GMII.jpg|1778 print of the abbey

File:Edward_Dayes_-_Furness_Abbey,_Lancashire.jpg|Painting of the abbey by Edward Dayes

File:Furness_Abbey_Manuscript.jpg|1412 manuscript relating to the abbey

File:Furness Abbey by Henry Fox Talbot.jpg|Furness Abbey by Henry Fox Talbot, circa 1850s

{{Portal|Cumbria}}

• List of monasteries dissolved by Henry VIII of England
• Listed buildings in Barrow-in-Furness
• Abbot's Wood, Cumbria

• Atkinson, Rev. J.C., The Coucher Book of Furness Abbey, Printed from the Original Preserved in the Record Office, London, Part 1, London, 1886 [https://archive.org/details/coucherbookfurn03atkigoog]

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{{Reflist}}

• [https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/furness-abbey/ English Heritage]
• [http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/publications/furness-abbey-info-for-teachers/ Information for teachers: English Heritage]
• [http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/publications/furness-abbey-hazard-information/ Risk assessment information for teachers: English Heritage]

{{English heritage cumbria}}

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Category:1123 establishments in England

Category:1537 disestablishments in England

Category:Christian monasteries established in the 1120s

Category:English Heritage sites in Cumbria

Category:Grade I listed buildings in Cumbria

Category:Grade I listed monasteries

Category:History of Barrow-in-Furness

Category:Monasteries in Cumbria

Category:Cistercian monasteries in England

Category:Ruins in Cumbria

Category:Scheduled monuments in Cumbria

Category:Tourist attractions in Cumbria

Category:Tourist attractions in Barrow-in-Furness

Category:Buildings and structures in Barrow-in-Furness

Category:Reportedly haunted locations in North West England

Category:Ruined abbeys and monasteries

Category:Burial sites of the Crovan dynasty

Category:Monasteries dissolved under the English Reformation