Fuselloviridae
{{Short description|Family of viruses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Virusbox
| taxon = Fuselloviridae
| subdivision =
| synonyms =
- Fuselloviridae ICTV 1993
- SSV1-type phages ICTV 1991
- SSV-1 family ICTV 1990
}}
Fuselloviridae is a family of viruses. Sulfolobus species, specifically shibatae, solfataricus, and islandicus, serve as natural hosts. There are two genera in the family.{{cite web|title=Viral Zone|url=http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/20.html|publisher=ExPASy|access-date=15 June 2015}}{{cite web|title=Virus Taxonomy: 2024 Release|url=https://ictv.global/taxonomy|publisher=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|access-date=28 March 2025}} Viruses in Fuselloviridae are ubiquitous in high-temperature (≥70 °C), acidic (pH ≤4) hot springs around the world.
Taxonomy
Structure
File:E01439-16-F2.large (Ai).jpg
Viruses in Fuselloviridae are enveloped, with lemon-shaped geometries. The diameter is around 60 nm, with a length of 100 nm. Genomes consist of double-stranded circular DNA, around 17.3 kb in length. Biochemical characterization of SSV1, a prototypical fusellovirus, showed that virions are composed of four virus-encoded structural proteins, VP1 to VP4, as well as one DNA-binding chromatin protein of cellular origin. The virion proteins VP1, VP3, and VP4 undergo posttranslational modification by glycosylation, seemingly at multiple sites. VP1 is also proteolytically processed. SSV1 virions contain glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) lipids, which appear to be acquired by the virus in a selective manner from the host cytoplasmic membrane.{{cite journal|vauthors=Quemin ER, Pietilä MK, Oksanen HM, Forterre P, Rijpstra WI, Schouten S, Bamford DH, Prangishvili D, Krupovic M|title=Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus 1 contains glycosylated capsid proteins, a cellular chromatin protein, and host-derived lipids|journal=J Virol|date=2015|volume=89|issue=22|pages=11681–11691|doi=10.1128/JVI.02270-15|pmid=26355093|pmc=4645638}}
| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" | |||||
| Genus | Structure || Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alphafusellovirus | Lemon-shaped | Enveloped | Circular | Monopartite | |
| Betafusellovirus | Lemon-shaped | Enveloped | Circular | Monopartite |
Life cycle
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell. DNA templated transcription is the method of transcription. Sulfolobus shibatae, S. solfataricus, and S. islandicus serve as the natural host. Fuselloviruses are released from the host without causing cell lysis by a budding mechanism, similar to that employed by enveloped eukaryotic viruses.{{cite journal|vauthors=Quemin ER, Chlanda P, Sachse M, Forterre P, Prangishvili D, Krupovic M |title=Eukaryotic-Like Virus Budding in Archaea|journal=mBio|date=2016|volume=7|issue=5|page=e01439-16|doi=10.1128/mBio.01439-16|pmid=27624130|pmc=5021807}} 50px
| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" | |||||||
| Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alphafusellovirus | Archea: thermolophilic | None | Injection | Budding | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
| Betafusellovirus | Archea: thermolophilic | None | Injection | Budding | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/20.html Viralzone: Fuselloviridae]
- [http://ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp ICTV]
{{Baltimore classification}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q3775816}}