Günter Guillaume

Günter Karl Heinz Guillaume was born on 1 February 1927, at 31 Choriner Straße in Prenzlauer Berg, then a working-class district of Berlin. He was the only child of Karl Ernst Guillaume, a pianist who played in bars and theatres, where he provided background music for silent films, and Johanna Old Pauline ({{nee|Loebe}}), a hairdresser. His parents, who had married four months before Günter's birth, were both native to Berlin. Due to the combination of the Great Depression and the introduction of sound films, the Guillaumes suffered financial hardship. These experiences made the extremist policies being presented by Adolf Hitler and Nazi Party attractive to Karl Guillaume, and he joined in March 1934.{{sfn|Michels|2013|p=20}}

Guillaume was conscripted as a Flakhelfer in 1944.{{cite book |title=Strategic Intelligence in the Cold War and Beyond |first=Jefferson |last=Adams |page=58 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CzSDBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT58 |publisher=Routledge |date=2014 |isbn=9781317637684}}

On January 17, 1944, Guillaume applied for admission to the NSDAP and was admitted on April 20 of the same year (membership number 9,709,880).

In 1956, he and his wife Christel, also a Stasi agent, emigrated to West Germany on Stasi orders to penetrate and spy on West Germany's political system. Rising through the hierarchy of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, he became a close aide to West German chancellor Willy Brandt.

In 1974, West German authorities discovered that Guillaume was spying for the East German government. The resulting scandal, the Guillaume Affair, led to Brandt's resigning the chancellorship. On 15 December 1975, Guillaume was sentenced to 13 years in prison for treason; his wife Christel, to eight years. In 1981, Guillaume was returned to East Germany in exchange for Western spies caught by the Eastern Bloc. Christel, who had returned earlier that year, divorced him. He was awarded the Order of Karl Marx.

In East Germany, Guillaume was received and celebrated as a hero, worked as a spy trainer, and published his autobiography Die Aussage ("The Statement")Die Aussage means The Statement, or My Stated View: Oxford Duden German Dictionary {{ISBN|0-19-864171-0}}) in 1988. Two years later, he married his second wife, nurse Elke Bröhl. Guillaume and East German spymaster Markus Wolf said that Willy Brandt's downfall was not intended, and that the affair was among the Stasi's biggest mistakes. After Die Wende and German reunification, the reunified Germany granted Guillaume immunity from any further prosecutions.

Guillaume was called as a witness for the prosecution in Markus Wolf's trial for treason in 1993.{{cite news|title=Gunter Guillaume, 68, Is Dead; Spy Caused Willy Brandt's Fall|first=Craig R.|last=Whitney|work=The New York Times|date=12 April 1995 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/12/obituaries/gunter-guillaume-68-is-dead-spy-caused-willy-brandt-s-fall.html|url-access=subscription|access-date=6 March 2024}} In his testimony, he claimed he "could barely remember details of events stretching back over forty years" and in response to most questions put by the prosecution and the presiding judge, Guillaume only referred them to his autobiography.{{cite news|title=Court reunion for German spy and his master: Former East Berlin agent meets his old boss Markus Wolf after 20 years|last=Bridge|first=Adrian |work=The Independent|date=30 June 1993 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/court-reunion-for-german-spy-and-his-master-former-east-berlin-agent-meets-his-old-boss-markus-wolf-after-20-years-1482126.html|url-access=registration|access-date=6 March 2024}}

Guillaume died of heart attack and a stroke on 10 April 1995, in Petershagen/Eggersdorf, near Berlin. Guillaume's first wife died on 20 March 2004.

The Brandt-Guillaume story is told in the play Democracy by Michael Frayn. It follows Brandt's political career as West Germany's first left-of-centre chancellor in 40 years, and his fall because of his assistant. It portrays Guillaume as in conflict by spying on Brandt while growing to admire him.

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• {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HiwH6VwtIPkC&pg=PA27 |title=Guillaume, der Spion: eine deutsch-deutsche Karriere |trans-title=Guillaume, the spy: a German-German career |last=Michels |first=Eckar |year=2013 |publisher=Ch. Links Verlag |location=Berlin |language=German |isbn=978-3-86153-708-3 }}

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{{Portal|Germany|East Germany|Biography}}

• {{cite web |url=http://www.willy-brandt.de/bwbs_biografie/Guenter_Guillaume_B411.html |title=Willy Brandt Biography: May 1974: Günter Guillaume |publisher=Federal Chancellor Willy Brandt Foundation |access-date=20 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928223556/http://www.willy-brandt.de/bwbs_biografie/Guenter_Guillaume_B411.html |archive-date=28 September 2007 }}

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Category:1927 births

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Category:Stasi officers convicted of crimes

Category:People from Pankow

Category:Nazi Party members

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Category:Police officers convicted of treason

Category:Luftwaffenhelfer

Category:Nazis convicted of crimes

Category:Political scandals in Germany

Category:West German people convicted of spying for East Germany

Category:Recipients of the Order of Karl Marx