G12/G13 alpha subunits
{{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc}}
{{Short description|InterPro Family}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:G12/G13 alpha subunits}}
{{infobox protein
|Name= guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) alpha 12
|caption=
|image=
|width=
|HGNCid=4380
|Symbol=GNA12
|AltSymbols=
|EntrezGene=2768
|OMIM=604394
|RefSeq=NM_007353
|UniProt=Q03113
|PDB=
|ECnumber=
|Chromosome=7
|Arm=p
|Band=22.3
|LocusSupplementaryData=
}}
{{infobox protein
|Name=guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein), alpha 13
|caption=
|image=
|width=
|HGNCid=4381
|Symbol=GNA13
|AltSymbols=
|EntrezGene=10672
|OMIM=604406
|RefSeq=NM_006572
|UniProt=Q14344
|PDB=
|ECnumber=
|Chromosome=17
|Arm=q
|Band=24
|LocusSupplementaryData=
}}
G12/G13 alpha subunits are alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins that link cell surface G protein-coupled receptors primarily to guanine nucleotide exchange factors for the Rho small GTPases to regulate the actin cytoskeleton.{{cite journal |vauthors=Dhanasekaran N, Dermott JM | title = Signaling by the G12 class of G proteins | journal = Cell. Signal. | volume = 8 | issue = 4 | pages = 235–45 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8842523 | doi = 10.1016/0898-6568(96)00048-4 }} Together, these two proteins comprise one of the four classes of G protein alpha subunits.{{cite journal |vauthors=Strathmann MP, Simon MI | title = G alpha 12 and G alpha 13 subunits define a fourth class of G protein alpha subunits | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 88 | issue = 13 | pages = 5582–6 | year = 1991 | pmid = 1905812 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.88.13.5582 | pmc = 51921 | bibcode = 1991PNAS...88.5582S | doi-access = free }} G protein alpha subunits bind to guanine nucleotides and function in a regulatory cycle, and are active when bound to GTP but inactive and associated with the G beta-gamma complex when bound to GDP.{{cite journal |last1=Gilman |first1=AG |date=1987 |title= G proteins: transducers of receptor-generated signals |journal= Annual Review of Biochemistry |volume=56 |pages=615–649 |doi=10.1146/annurev.bi.56.070187.003151 |pmid=3113327 }}{{cite journal |last1=Rodbell |first1=M |date=1995 |title=Nobel Lecture: Signal transduction: Evolution of an idea |journal=Bioscience Reports |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=117–133 |doi=10.1007/bf01207453 |pmid=7579038 |s2cid=11025853 |pmc=1519115 }} G12/G13 are not targets of pertussis toxin or cholera toxin, as are other classes of G protein alpha subunits.{{cite journal |vauthors=Harhammer R, Nürnberg B, Harteneck C, Leopoldt D, Exner T, Schultz G | title = Distinct biochemical properties of the native members of the G12 G-protein subfamily. Characterization of G alpha 12 purified from rat brain | journal = Biochem. J. | volume = ( Pt 1) | pages = 165–71 | series = 319 | year = 1996 | issue = Pt 1 | pmid = 8870664 | doi = 10.1042/bj3190165| url = http://www.biochemj.org/bj/319/bj3190165.htm | pmc = 1217750 }}
G proteins G12 and G13 regulate actin cytoskeletal remodeling in cells during movement and migration, including cancer cell metastasis.{{cite journal |vauthors=Wang D, Tan YC, Kreitzer GE, Nakai Y, Shan D, Zheng Y, Huang XY | title = G proteins G12 and G13 control the dynamic turnover of growth factor-induced dorsal ruffles | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 281 | issue = 43 | pages = 32660–7 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16943201 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M604588200 | doi-access = free }} G13 is also essential for receptor tyrosine kinase-induced migration of fibroblast and endothelial cells.{{cite journal |vauthors=Shan D, Chen L, Wang D, Tan YC, Gu JL, Huang XY | title = The G protein G alpha(13) is required for growth factor-induced cell migration | journal = Dev. Cell | volume = 10 | issue = 6 | pages = 707–18 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16740474 | doi = 10.1016/j.devcel.2006.03.014 | doi-access = free }}
Genes
See also
References
{{Reflist|2}}
External links
- {{MeshName|GTP-Binding+Protein+alpha+Subunits,+G12-G13}}
{{Acid anhydride hydrolases}}
{{Enzymes}}
{{Portal bar|Biology|border=no}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:G12 G13 alpha subunits}}