GCIRS 16SW

{{Short description|Binary star in the Galactic Center in the constellation Sagittarius}}

{{Starbox begin

| name = GCIRS 16SW

}}

{{Starbox image

| image=

{{Location mark

|image=GCIRS16SWLocation.png|alt=|width=320

}}

|caption=The location of GCIRS 16SW (circled in red)

}}

{{Starbox observe

| epoch = J2000.0

| equinox = J2000.0 (ICRS)

| constell = Sagittarius

| ra = {{RA|17|45|40.124}}

| dec = {{DEC|-29|00|29.02}}

}}

{{Starbox character

| type = Slash star

| class = Ofpe/WN9

| appmag_1_passband = J

| appmag_1 = {{val|14.75}}

| appmag_2_passband = H

| appmag_2 = {{val|11.6}}

| appmag_3_passband = K

| appmag_3 = {{val|9.34}}

}}

{{Starbox orbit

| reference =

| primary = Sagittarius A*

| name = GCIRS 16SW

| period = {{val|1270|309}}

| axis = {{val|2.32|0.46}}

| eccentricity = {{val|0.35|0.11}}

| inclination = {{val|113.0|1.3}}

| node = {{val|113.2|1.4}}

| periastron = {{val|2132|29}}

| periarg = {{val|28|14}}

}}

{{Starbox orbit

| reference =

| period_unitless = {{val|19.4513|0.0011|ul=d}}

| axis_unitless = {{val|140.6|4.7|ul=solar radius}}

| inclination = {{val|70.85|0.6}}

| periastron = {{val|2451775.102|0.032}}

}}

{{Starbox detail

| source =

| component1 = A

| mass = ~50

| radius = {{val|54.5|1.8}} × {{val|58.2|1.9}} × {{val|62.7|2.1}}

| temperature = 24,400

| luminosity = 1,100,000

| gravity = 3.0

| component2 = B

| mass2 = ~50

| radius2 = {{val|54.5|1.8}} × {{val|58.2|1.9}} × {{val|62.7|2.1}}

| temperature2 = 23,500

| luminosity2 = 1,100,000

| gravity2 = 3.0

}}

{{Starbox catalog

| names = GCIRS 16SW, S97, S1-16

}}

{{Starbox reference

| Simbad = GCIRS+16SW

}}

{{Starbox end}}

GCIRS 16SW, also known as S97, is a contact binary star located in the Galactic Center. It is composed of two hot massive stars of equal size that orbit each other with a period of 19.5 days. The stars are so close that their atmospheres overlap, and the two stars form an eclipsing binary varying in brightness by 0.35 magnitudes at infrared wavelengths.

File:GCIRS 16SW Celestia.png

GCIRS 16SW orbits Sagittarius A* at approximately 19,000 AU, with a period of approximately 1,270 years. At the stars' estimated mass of about 50 solar masses, they are predicted to have a lifespan of about 4 million years, indicating that the system formed within {{convert|0.1|pc|ly AU|lk=on}} of Sagittarius A*, instead of having migrated inward from a greater distance.

GCIRS 16SW was classified as a candidate luminous blue variable on the basis of its spectrum and physical properties.{{cite journal |title=Quantitative spectroscopy of the HeI cluster in the Galactic center. |bibcode=1997A&A...325..700N |last1=Najarro |first1=F. |last2=Krabbe |first2=A. |last3=Genzel |first3=R. |last4=Lutz |first4=D. |last5=Kudritzki |first5=R. P. |last6=Hillier |first6=D. J. |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |year=1997 |volume=325 |page=700 }} This was before it was identified as an eclipsing binary, but it is still treated as a candidate LBV.{{cite journal |title=On the Gaia DR2 distances for Galactic luminous blue variables |bibcode=2019MNRAS.488.1760S |last1=Smith |first1=Nathan |last2=Aghakhanloo |first2=Mojgan |last3=Murphy |first3=Jeremiah W. |last4=Drout |first4=Maria R. |last5=Stassun |first5=Keivan G. |last6=Groh |first6=Jose H. |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |year=2019 |volume=488 |issue=2 |page=1760 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stz1712 |doi-access=free |arxiv=1805.03298 |s2cid=119267371 }}

Each star is strongly distorted by the gravity of the other star. The polar radius is calculated to be {{solar radius|54.5|link=y}}, while the radius along the direction of orbital motion is {{solar radius|58.2}}. The radius along the line joining the two stars is {{solar radius|62.7}}, while the separation of the centres of the two stars is {{solar radius|132.8}}. A calculation of properties treating the binary as a single star gave an effective temperature of {{val|24,400|fmt=commas|ul=K}}. The secondary component is found to have a temperature 96% of that of the primary. However, these temperatures yield a luminosity over a million times that of the sun, uncomfortably close to the Eddington luminosity for each star, and it is suspected the actual temperatures are slightly lower.