GE Genesis#P32AC-DM

{{Infobox locomotive

| name = GE Genesis

| powertype = Diesel–electric or dual-mode

| image = Borealis in Welch Township, May 2024 (cropped).jpg

| caption = GE P42DC #174 on the {{lnl|Amtrak|Borealis}} in 2024

| builder = GE Transportation Systems

| ordernumber =

| serialnumber =

| buildmodel = P40DC, P32AC-DM, P42DC

| builddate = 1992–2001

| totalproduction = 321

| rebuilder =

| rebuilddate =

| numberrebuilt = 19

| aarwheels = B-B

| uicclass = Bo′Bo′

| gauge = {{track gauge|ussg|allk=on}}

| trucks = Krupp-MaK high-speed bolsterless

| bogies =

| wheeldiameter = {{convert|40|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}

| minimumcurve = {{convert|251|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} radius/ 22.85° (single unit)
{{convert|318|ft|m|0|abbr=on}} radius/ 18.2° (coupled)

| wheelbase = {{convert|43|ft|2+1/2|in|2|abbr=on}} (between truck centers)

| length = {{convert|69|ft|0|in|abbr=on}}

| width = {{convert|10|ft|0|in|abbr=on}}

| height = {{convert|14|ft|4|in|abbr=on}}

| axleload = {{convert|72000|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} Max

| weightondrivers = 100%

| locoweight = P40DC, P42DC: {{convert|268240|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}}
P32AC-DM: {{convert|274400|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}}

| fueltype = Diesel

| fuelcap = {{convert|2200|USgal|L|abbr=on}} (DC)
{{convert|1800|USgal|L|abbr=on}} (AC)

| lubecap = {{convert|410|USgal|L|abbr=on}} (DC)
{{convert|365|USgal|L|abbr=on}} (AC)

| coolantcap = {{convert|380|USgal|L|abbr=on}} (DC)
{{convert|210|USgal|L|abbr=on}} (AC)

| watercap =

| sandcap = {{convert|26|cuft|L|abbr=on}} (DC)
{{convert|8.5|cuft|L|abbr=on}} (AC)

| consumption =

| watercons =

| primemover = GE 7FDL16 (P40DC, P42DC), GE 7FDL12 (P32AC-DM)

| rpmrange = 200–1050 (600–900 while supplying HEP)

| enginetype = 45° V16, four stroke cycle (P40DC, P42DC), 45° V12, four stroke cycle (P32AC-DM)

| aspiration = Turbocharged

| displacement = {{convert|175.2|L|cuin|abbr=on|sp=us}} (7FDL16)
{{convert|131.4|L|cuin|abbr=on|sp=us}} (7FDL12)

| alternator = GMG 195 (P40DC, P42DC)
GMG 195A1 (P32AC-DM)

| generator =

| tractionmotors = GE 752AH (DC), GE GEB15 (AC)

| cylindercount = 16 (P40DC, P42DC)
12 (P32AC-DM)

| cylindersize = {{convert|10.95|L|cuin|abbr=on|sp=us}}{{Cite journal |last1=Chen |first1=G. |last2=Flynn |first2=P. L. |last3=Gallagher |first3=S. M. |last4=Dillen |first4=E. R. |date=2003-04-01 |title=Development of the Low-Emission GE-7FDL High-Power Medium-Speed Locomotive Diesel Engine |url=https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1563241 |journal=Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power |volume=125 |issue=2 |pages=505–512 |doi=10.1115/1.1563241 |issn=0742-4795|url-access=subscription }}

| transmission = AC-DC

| multipleworking = Yes

| maxspeed = {{convert|103|mph|abbr=on}} (original P40DC)
{{convert|110|mph|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} (P42DC, P32AC-DM, upgraded P40DC)
{{convert|60|mph|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} (in electric mode; P32AC-DM only){{Cite web|url=http://www.getransportation.com/general/apps/specsheets/Amtrak_Genesis_2/Genesis_2.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010821074000/http://www.getransportation.com/general/apps/specsheets/Amtrak_Genesis_2/Genesis_2.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=August 21, 2001|title=Genesis Series 2 - Dual Mode Passenger Locomotive for Amtrak|date=August 21, 2001}}

| poweroutput = {{Unbulleted list

| {{convert|3200|hp|kW|abbr=on}} (P32AC-DM)

| {{convert|4000|hp|kW|abbr=on}} (original P40DC)

| {{convert|4250|hp|kW|abbr=on}} (upgraded P40DC, P42DC)

}}

| tractiveeffort = P40DC, P42DC:
Starting: {{convert|280.25|kN|lbf|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}
Continuous: {{convert|169|kN|lbf|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} @{{convert|38|mph|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}{{Cite web |url=http://www.vnerr.com/training/intro_loco_app.pdf |title=Page 14 |access-date=August 10, 2012 |archive-date=October 21, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021091707/http://www.vnerr.com/training/intro_loco_app.pdf |url-status=dead }}
P32AC-DM:
Starting: {{convert|275.8|kN|lbf|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} @{{convert|14|mph|abbr=on}}
Continuous: {{convert|113.43|kN|lbf|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} @{{convert|64|mph|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20190604022822/http://www.danburybranchstudy.com/documents/TPC%20for%20Alternatives/TPC%20Tech%20Memo_111810.pdf Page 29]

| factorofadhesion = 4.25 (DC)
4.4258 (AC)

| trainheating = Locomotive-supplied head-end power

| locobrakes = Dynamic / Regenerative / Electropneumatic

| locobrakeforce =

| trainbrakes = Electropneumatic

| safety =

| operator = Amtrak, Metro-North Railroad, Via Rail, CT Rail

| operatorclass =

| powerclass =

| numinclass =

| fleetnumbers = Amtrak: P42DC 1-207; P32AC-DM 700-717; P40DC 800-843 (15 in service, 12 sold)
Metro-North: P32AC-DM 201-231
VIA Rail Canada: P42DC 900-920
CT Rail: P40DC 6700–6711

| officialname = Genesis

| axleloadclass =

| locale =

| deliverydate =

| firstrundate =

| lastrundate =

| retiredate =

| withdrawndate =

| preservedunits =

| restoredate =

| scrapdate =

| currentowner =

| disposition = Operational, several units retired from wrecks

| notes =

}}

The GE Genesis (officially trademarked GENESIS{{cite web |title=Earlier Locomotive Models |url=http://www.getransportation.com/rail/rail-products/locomotives/earlier-locomotive-models.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928155720/http://www.getransportation.com/rail/rail-products/locomotives/earlier-locomotive-models.html |archive-date=September 28, 2010 |access-date=September 27, 2010 |publisher=GE Transportation}}) is a series of passenger diesel locomotives built by GE Transportation for Amtrak, Metro-North, and Via Rail between 1992 and 2001. A total of 321 units were produced.

Designed to meet Amtrak's specifications, the Genesis series is {{convert|14|ft|4|in}} tall. This allows for easier travel through low-clearance tunnels in the Northeast Corridor, especially compared to the earlier EMD F40PH which was {{convert|14|in|0}} taller.

Technical design

The GE Genesis series stands out for its unique, lightweight monocoque carbody design, styled by industrial designer Cesar Vergara.{{cite news |title=High style, high tech; Putting style back on track |newspaper=Toronto Star |first=Greg |last=Gormick |date=November 21, 2005 |page=D01 |id = {{ProQuest|438900729}}}} This innovative approach translates to improved aerodynamics and fuel efficiency compared to its predecessors.{{cite patent||country=US|number=5535680|pubdate=1996-07-16|title=Monocoque locomotive|assign1=General Electric Company|inventor1-last=Bieber|inventor1-first=Allen C.}} However, the complexity of the monocoque design results in slightly higher maintenance and repair costs. Notably, Amtrak equips its Genesis locomotives with bolt-on nose cones to facilitate rapid repairs in the event of a grade crossing collision.{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}

The Genesis represents a significant leap forward in performance. It boasts a 22% improvement in fuel efficiency and delivers 25% more power compared to the F40PH.{{cite journal|last=Warner|first=David C|title=AMD103: Powering Amtrak Into the 21st Century|journal = Passenger Train Journal|publisher=Interurban Press|volume = 24, No. 6|issue = 186|pages = 23|date = June 1993|issn = 0160-6913}} Furthermore, all Genesis locomotives utilize modern, four-stroke engines, surpassing the two-stroke technology employed in earlier EMD counterparts.{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}

Further enhancing reliability, the Genesis is a fully computerized locomotive. Its onboard computer systems automatically manage various functions, including real-time adjustments to engine output in response to overheating, low oil pressure, or reduced airflow intake. This ensures continued operation during minor operational deviations, streamlining maintenance requirements.

All Genesis locomotives provide head-end power (HEP) to the train via an alternator or inverter powered by the main engine. This system delivers a maximum output of {{convert|800|kW}}, capable of powering up to 16 Superliner railcars. The P40DC and P42DC models offer two HEP configurations: normal mode with the engine speed locked at 900 rpm for providing both HEP and traction power, and standby mode with the engine speed locked at 720 rpm for HEP only (no traction power). The P32AC-DM offers greater operational flexibility with its HEP inverter. The engine can run at 1,047 rpm while delivering both traction power and HEP. Additionally, it can idle at 620 rpm (notch three) while still providing HEP for lighting and air conditioning when not in use for traction.{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}

The Genesis utilizes trucks manufactured by Krupp Verkehrstechnik [de], which has since been acquired by Siemens Mobility. Newer Genesis locomotives reflect this change and carry the Siemens name.{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}

Models

Three models of Genesis were built by General Electric, the P40DC, P42DC, and P32AC-DM.

=P40DC=

File:New Jersey Transit GE P40DC 4800.jpg

The P40DC (GENESIS Series I)P40DC Builders Plate https://www.flickr.com/photos/davidfullarton/4412331923/ or Dash 8-40BP (originally known as the AMD-103 or Amtrak Monocoque Diesel - 103MPH) is the first model in the Genesis series, built in 1993.{{Cite magazine |date=August 1993 |title=Make way for the Genesis Series |magazine=Trains |volume=53}} The locomotive operates in a diesel-electric configuration that uses DC to power the traction motors, producing {{convert|4000|hp|lk=in|sigfig=3}} at 1047 rpm. Power output to the traction motors is {{convert|3550|hp|abbr=on}} when running in HEP mode (900 rpm) with a 0 kW HEP load. Traction power in HEP mode decreases to {{convert|2525|hp|sigfig=3}} when providing the maximum {{convert|800|kW|abbr=on}} HEP load to the train. The P40DC is geared for a maximum speed of {{convert|103|mph}}. The P40DC was succeeded in 1996 by the P42DC.

A feature unique to the P40DC and P32AC-DM is a hostler stand at the rear of the locomotive providing increased visibility and reversing capabilities to the engineer while conducting reverse operations. When a unit is in operation from this stand it is limited to {{convert|10|mph|abbr=on}} and a dead man's switch protects against movement without an operator being present. Another unique feature to the original P40DC were the two strobes above the cab and an emergency flasher between the strobes. When they were overhauled, those features were removed.

Both the P40DC and P42DC allowed Amtrak to operate heavy long-distance trains with fewer locomotives compared to the older EMD F40PH locomotives; two P40DCs could do the same work as three F40PHs.

Additional deliveries of the P42DC ended up replacing the P40DCs. Three units were prematurely wrecked (819 in the 1993 Big Bayou Canot train wreck, 807 and 829 in the 1999 Bourbonnais, Illinois, train crash) and scrapped. Eight were leased and later sold to the Connecticut DOT for Shore Line East in 2005, and four were rebuilt and sold to New Jersey Transit in 2007; NJ Transit sold its units to ConnDOT in 2015. The remaining 28 units were placed out-of-service for many years. 15 of these units were rebuilt using 2009 ARRA stimulus funds and returned to service, now in the Phase V livery, except for 822, which is painted in Phase III Heritage livery for Amtrak's 40th Anniversary.{{Cite web|url=http://on-track-on-line.com/amtkrinf-p40store.shtml|title=On Track On Line - Stored, Sold and Leased P40s|website=on-track-on-line.com}}{{self-published source|date=May 2025}} The units that were not rebuilt or sold have since been scrapped.

In January 2018, ConnDOT awarded a contract to Amtrak to overhaul their twelve P40DC locomotives at the Beech Grove Shops.{{Cite web |url=https://biznet.ct.gov/SCP_Documents/Results/19607/Contract%20Award%20Posted%205-25-18.pdf |title=Notice of Contract Award |date=April 25, 2018 |publisher=Connecticut Department of Transportation}} The first unit was completed in early 2021.{{cite news |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/news-photo-first-cdot-p40-rebuild-debuts/ |title=News Photo: First CDOT P40 rebuild debuts |newspaper=Trains News Wire |date=March 8, 2021}} With the introduction of M8 EMU trains for Shore Line East service, the rebuilt P40DCs will be exclusively used on the Hartford Line.

==Upgraded and "Stimulus" P40DCs==

By 2007, New Jersey Transit had upgraded their P40DC units with updated prime movers to match the {{convert|4250|hp}} of the successor P42DC.{{cite web|url=http://rrpicturearchives.net/showPicture.aspx?id=878935 |title=NJT 808 |author=Donald Albertson |date=September 13, 2007 |publisher=rrpicturearchives.net |access-date=September 27, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716051936/http://rrpicturearchives.net/showPicture.aspx?id=878935 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 }} This was done by readjusting the position of the lay shafts within the prime mover.{{Citation needed|date=October 2017}}

Amtrak returned 15 of their P40DC units to service as part of a project funded through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.http://www.amtrak.com/pdf/ARRA/Amtrak-ARRA_Project-Summary-FY-09.pdf Amtrak ARRAProject List The first of the units were returned to service in March 2010 after being overhauled at the Beech Grove Shops. They were upgraded like NJT's units had been a few years before to have {{convert|4250|hp|abbr=on}} and match the P42DC's maximum speed of {{convert|110|mph|sigfig=3|abbr=on}}. They also received updated cab signaling systems. The upgraded locomotives still have mechanical air brakes, which makes them most suitable for trains that only require a single locomotive. This differs from the electronic air brakes on the P42DC and P32AC-DM.{{cite magazine|title=Beech Grove to the Rescue|magazine=Trains|date=October 2010|author=Bob Johnston|volume=70|issue=10|pages=48–53}} They also feature a builder's plate indicating that they were rebuilt under the auspices of the TIGER stimulus program.

=P42DC=

File:174AM.jpg

The P42DC (GENESIS Series I)P42 Builders Plate https://www.flickr.com/photos/76498245@N05/6871547365/in/photostream is the successor model to the P40DC. It has an engine output of {{convert|4250|hp|lk=in|sigfig=3}} at 1,047 rpm, or {{convert|3550|hp|sigfig=3}} when running in HEP mode (900 rpm) with a 0 kW HEP load. As with the P40DC, traction horsepower in HEP mode decreases to {{convert|2525|hp|sigfig=3}} when providing the full 800 kW HEP load to the train.

The P42DC has a maximum speed of {{convert|110|mph|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} compared to the 103 mph (166 km/h) maximum speed of the P40DC. Tractive effort is rated at {{convert|280.25|kN|lbf|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} of starting effort and {{convert|169|kN|lbf|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} of continuous effort at {{cvt|38|mph}} given wheel power of {{convert|3850|hp|sigfig=3}}.

P42DCs are used primarily on most of Amtrak's long-haul and higher-speed rail service outside the Northeast and lower Empire Corridors. They will be replaced on long-distance service by 125 Siemens ALC-42 Charger locomotives between 2021 and 2024, but will remain in service on shorter corridor trains.{{cite press release |url=https://media.amtrak.com/2018/12/amtrak-to-improve-national-network-with-new-locomotives/ |title=Amtrak to Improve National Network with New Locomotives |date=December 21, 2018 |publisher=Amtrak |access-date=February 3, 2020 |archive-date=January 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126125526/https://media.amtrak.com/2018/12/amtrak-to-improve-national-network-with-new-locomotives/ |url-status=dead }}

Via Rail Canada has utilized P42DC locomotives since 2001, when they replaced the LRC locomotives that year. They are currently on services with speeds up to {{convert|100|mph|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}, mainly on the Quebec City-Windsor rail corridor.{{Cite web|url=https://corpo.viarail.ca/en/projects-infrastructure/train-fleet/locomotives-p42dc|title=Locomotives - P42DC | VIA Rail|website=corpo.viarail.ca}}

==P42C==

The P42C is a Non-Powered Control Unit (cab car) converted by Amtrak from retired P42DC locomotives, with the first one converted in 2024. These retain their internal components for weight purposes. Amtrak plans to eventually convert 20 Genesis locomotives into P42Cs.{{cite web|url=https://www.trains.com/trn/railroads/locomotives/amtrak-npcu-cabbage-locomotives/|title=Amtrak NPCU 'Cabbage' locomotives|last=Guss|first=Chris|date=November 4, 2024|access-date=February 3, 2025|publisher=Trains magazine}}

=P32AC-DM=

File:MTA Metro North P32AC-DM 207.jpg in 2007]]

The P32AC-DM (GENESIS Series II, short for "Passenger, {{cvt|3200|hp|kW}}, Alternating Current, Dual Mode")P32 Builders Plate https://www.flickr.com/photos/blazer8696/4984725506/ was developed for both Amtrak and Metro-North. They can operate on power generated either by the on-board diesel prime mover or power collected from a third rail electrification system at 750 volts direct current; the third-rail shoes are used on the over-running third-rail into Penn Station for Amtrak units and the under-running third-rail into Grand Central Terminal for Metro-North. The P32AC-DM is rated at {{convert|3200|hp|lk=in|sigfig=3}}, {{convert|2900|hp|lk=in|sigfig=3}} when supplying HEP, and is geared for a maximum speed of {{convert|110|mph|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}. Tractive effort is rated at {{convert|275.8|kN|lbf|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} of starting effort from zero to {{cvt|14|mph}} and {{convert|113.43|kN|lbf|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} of continuous effort at {{cvt|40|mph}} given wheel power of {{convert|2700|hp|sigfig=3}}.

The P32AC-DM is unique as it is equipped with GE's GEB15 AC (alternating current) traction motors, rather than DC (direct current) motors as used in the other subtypes.{{cite book

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bVEhihy7tKEC&q=ac+traction+motors+genesis&pg=PA160

|title=American Diesel Locomotives

|author=Brian Solomon

|page=160

|publisher=MBI Publishing Company

|isbn=0-7603-0666-4

|year=2000

|access-date=September 25, 2008

}} It is also only one of two modern American electro-diesel locomotives with third-rail capability, along with the EMD DM30AC operated by the Long Island Rail Road. This excludes the NJ Transit and Exo's Bombardier ALP-45DP electro-diesel locomotives, as they can only operate from overhead catenary electrification.

The P32AC-DM is only used on services operating north from New York City, where diesel emissions through its two fully enclosed main terminal stations are prohibited. Amtrak rosters 18 P32AC-DM locomotives and uses them for its Empire Service, Ethan Allen Express, Lake Shore Limited (New York section), Adirondack, and Maple Leaf services, all of which travel to New York Penn Station. Metro-North rosters 31 P32AC-DM locomotives on push-pull trains to Grand Central Terminal; four are owned by the Connecticut Department of Transportation. The Metro-North and ConnDOT fleet of P32AC-DM locomotives will be replaced in 2025–2027 by new Siemens SC-42DM Charger locomotives.{{Cite press release |title=MTA Unveils New Modern Metro-North Locomotives |url=https://new.mta.info/press-release/mta-unveils-new-modern-metro-north-locomotives |date=November 1, 2024 |publisher=Metro-North Railroad}}{{Cite web |url=https://new.mta.info/document/25251 |pages=128–132 |title=Joint Metro-North and Long Island Committees Meeting |publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority |date=December 2020}}{{Cite news |date=December 14, 2020 |title=Metro-North set to buy dual-mode locomotives from Siemens |url=https://trn.trains.com/news/news-wire/2020/12/14-digest-metro-north-set-to-buy-dual-mode-locomotives-from-siemens |newspaper=Trains Magazine |access-date=February 1, 2021 |archive-date=January 31, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131115818/https://trn.trains.com/news/news-wire/2020/12/14-digest-metro-north-set-to-buy-dual-mode-locomotives-from-siemens |url-status=dead }}{{Cite web |title=Metro-North Railroad Procurements |url=https://new.mta.info/document/113916 |date=June 20, 2023 |publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority}}

Original owners

class="wikitable" ! Railroad !! Model !! Quantity !! Road numbers !! Notes
rowspan="3" \| Amtrak	P40DC	44	800–843	15 units upgraded to P42DC specifications.
P42DC	207	1–207	To be replaced by 125 new ALC-42 Siemens Charger locomotives.
{{nowrap\|P32AC-DM}}	18	700–717	Dual mode for operation on the Empire Connection into New York Penn.
Metro-North Railroad	{{nowrap\|P32AC-DM}}	31	201–231	Dual mode for operation into Grand Central Terminal. 228–231 owned by CTDOT. To be replaced by Siemens Charger units
Via Rail	P42DC	21	900–920