GLAAD

Formed in New York City as Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation in 1985 to protest against what it saw as the New York Post{{'}}s defamatory and sensationalized AIDS coverage, GLAAD put pressure on media organizations to end what it saw as homophobic reporting. Initial meetings were held in the homes of several New York City activists as well as after-hours at the New York State Council on the Arts.

This core founding group included film scholar Vito Russo; translator Gregory Kolovakos, then on the staff of the NYS Arts Council and who later became the organization's first executive director; Jewelle Gomez, the organization's first treasurer; writers Darrell Yates Rist, Marcia Pally and Allen Barnett{{cite web|title=Barnett, Allen (1955–1991)|publisher=glbtq.com|access-date=March 25, 2013|url=http://www.glbtq.com/literature/barnett_a.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015085839/http://www.glbtq.com/literature/barnett_a.html|archive-date=October 15, 2012}}; New York Native then-editor Barry Adkins; Russo's fellow Gay Activists Alliance veterans Arnie Kantrowitz, Marty Robinson, Jim Owles and Hal Offen; and music critic Bruce Michael-Gelbert.{{cite book |last1=Schiavi |first1=Michael |title=Celluloid Activist: The Life and Times of Vito Russo |date=2011 |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |isbn=9780299282301 |pages=237-238 |edition=1st}}

In 1987, after a meeting with GLAAD, The New York Times changed its editorial policy to use the word "gay" instead of harsher terms referring to homosexuality.{{cite news|url=http://www.claynewsnetwork.com/2009/03/26/glaad-for-clay-aiken/|title=GLAAD for Clay Aiken |publisher=Claynewsnetwork.com|access-date=December 3, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528101434/http://claynewsnetwork.com/2009/03/26/glaad-for-clay-aiken/|archive-date=May 28, 2013|url-status=live}} GLAAD advocated that the Associated Press and other television and print news sources follow. GLAAD's influence soon spread to Los Angeles, where organizers began working with the entertainment industry to change the way the gay and lesbian community were portrayed on screen.

Entertainment Weekly has named GLAAD as one of Hollywood's most powerful entities,{{cite web|url=http://www.amiannoying.com/%28S%28w3qmj555gowyo22cuk3dlbvf%29%29/collection.aspx?collection=366|title=Entertainment Weekly's 101 Most Influential People (1992)|publisher=Amiannoying.com|date=November 25, 1976|access-date=December 3, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419070859/http://www.amiannoying.com/(S(43aaeuu0nzfzqv2q4zqrrz45))/collection.aspx?collection=366|archive-date=April 19, 2012|url-status=live}} and the Los Angeles Times described GLAAD as "possibly one of the most successful organizations lobbying the media for inclusion".{{cite book|last1=Myers|first1=Daniel J.|first2=Daniel M.|last2=Cress|title=Authority in Contention|publisher=Emerald Group Publishing|year=2004|isbn=0-7623-1037-5|page=200}}

Within the first five years of its founding in New York as the Gay and Lesbian Anti-Defamation League (soon after changed to "Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation" after legal pressure by the Anti-Defamation League), GLAAD chapters had been established in Los Angeles and other cities, with the LA chapter becoming particularly influential due to its proximity to the California entertainment industry. GLAAD/NY and GLAAD/LA would eventually vote to merge in 1994, with other city chapters joining soon afterward; however, the chapters continue to exist, with the ceremonies of the GLAAD Media Awards being divided each year into three ceremonies held in New York City, Los Angeles and San Francisco.

Following the 2011 resignation of Jarrett Barrios from the GLAAD presidency, Mike Thompson served as interim president until the announcement of Herndon Graddick, previously GLAAD's vice-president of Programs and Communications, to the presidency on April 15, 2012. Graddick is the younger son of Charles Graddick of Mobile, a circuit court judge and the former attorney general of Alabama.

In 2013, the year GLAAD changed its name from Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation to GLAAD,{{cite web|access-date=2023-05-22|author=Staff Reports|date=2013-04-03|title=GLAAD 'no longer an acronym,' alters name as part of broadened mission|url=https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2013/03/glaad-no-longer-an-acronym-altering-mission-to-better-embrace-bisexual-transgender-people/|website=lgbtqnation.com|archive-date=November 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106103235/https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2013/03/glaad-no-longer-an-acronym-altering-mission-to-better-embrace-bisexual-transgender-people/|url-status=live}} and Jennifer Finney Boylan was chosen as the first openly transgender co-chair of GLAAD's National Board of Directors.{{cite news|last=Reynolds|first=Daniel|url=http://www.advocate.com/politics/media/2013/11/08/glaad-appoints-first-transgender-cochair|title=GLAAD Appoints First Transgender Cochair|publisher=Advocate.com|date=November 8, 2013|access-date=December 3, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111083544/http://www.advocate.com/politics/media/2013/11/08/glaad-appoints-first-transgender-cochair|archive-date=November 11, 2013|url-status=live}}

On March 24, 2013, GLAAD announced that it had formally dropped the "Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation" from their name and would now be known only as GLAAD to reflect their work more accurately; the name change was a commitment to incorporate bisexual and transgender people in their efforts to support the LGBTQ+ community in its entirety.{{cite news |first=Jase |last=Peeples |title=GLAAD Affirms Commitment to Trans and Bi People, Alters Name |work=The Advocate |date=March 24, 2013 |access-date=March 25, 2013 |url=http://www.advocate.com/politics/2013/03/24/glaad-affirms-commitment-trans-and-bi-people-alters-name |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130327032957/http://www.advocate.com/politics/2013/03/24/glaad-affirms-commitment-trans-and-bi-people-alters-name |archive-date=March 27, 2013 |url-status=live }}

Sarah Kate Ellis is the current president and CEO of GLAAD.{{cite magazine|title=The woman who saved GLAAD: how Sarah Kate Ellis brought the faltering nonprofit into the 21st century|author=Ramin Setoodeh|magazine=Variety|issn=0042-2738|date=September 27, 2016|volume=333|issue=12|page=50|url=https://variety.com/2016/biz/news/sarah-kate-ellis-glaad-1201870674/|access-date=July 13, 2021|archive-date=October 10, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010163848/https://variety.com/2016/biz/news/sarah-kate-ellis-glaad-1201870674/|url-status=live}} Ellis took the positions in 2014 and under her leadership GLAAD's revenue grew by 38%. In 2015, Ellis promoted Nick Adams to the newly created position of director of transgender media & representation. Adams started working at GLAAD in 1998 and had previously been GLAAD's director of communications & special projects. In 2022, Ellis renegotiated her contract with GLAAD, receiving a $150,000 signing bonus and an average annual salary of $441,000 per year, increasing by 5% each year.{{Cite news |last=Steel |first=Emily |date=2024-08-01 |title=A Pattern of Lavish Spending at a Leading L.G.B.T.Q. Nonprofit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/01/business/glaad-ceo-spending.html |access-date=2024-08-06 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}

In August 2024, GLAAD and Ellis were the subjects of a The New York Times report that explored the organization's reimbursements of Ellis's "pattern of lavish spending", including luxury travel, home renovations and vacation property rentals.{{Cite news |last=Steel |first=Emily |date=2024-08-01 |title=A Pattern of Lavish Spending at a Leading L.G.B.T.Q. Nonprofit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/01/business/glaad-ceo-spending.html |access-date=2024-08-01 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} In response, GLAAD released a statement defending their commitment to Ellis's leadership and their payments towards her expenses.{{Cite web |last=Kuznikov |first=Selena |date=2024-08-05 |title=GLAAD Supports CEO Sarah Kate Ellis After Lavish Spending Allegations: 'We Are Certain That She Is the Right Leader' |url=https://variety.com/2024/digital/news/glaad-supports-ceo-sarah-kate-ellis-1236095968/ |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=Variety |language=en-US}} A subsequent Washington Blade op-ed by former GLAAD vice-president Zeke Stokes contested The New York Times reporting as "riddled with bad reporting, innuendo, lies, mistruths, facts out of context, and misinformation."{{Cite web |last=Stokes |first=Zeke |date=2024-08-05 |title=NY Times report on GLAAD riddled with bad reporting, innuendo, lies |url=https://www.washingtonblade.com/2024/08/05/opinion-ny-times-report-glaad-bad-reporting-innuendo-lies/ |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=Washington Blade |language=en-US}}

;GLAAD/NY executive directors (1985–1994)

• Gregory Kolovakos (1985–1987)
• Craig Davidson (1987–1990)
• Ellen Carton (1991–1995)

;GLAAD early board members/officers

• Christopher Borden Paine (1985–?)
• Amy Bauer (1986–?)

;GLAAD/LA executive directors (pre-1994)

• Richard Jennings and Jehan Agrama (1989–1992)
• Peter M. Nardi (1992–1993)
• Lee Werbel (1993–1994)

;Post-merger (1994–present)

• William Waybourn (as national managing director; 1995 – 1997)
• Joan M. Garry (1997 – June 2005)
• Neil Giuliano (September 2005 – June 2009)
• J. Michael Durnil (interim; June – September 2009)
• Jarrett Barrios (September 2009 – June 2011)
• Mike Thompson (acting) (June 2011 – 2012)
• Herndon Graddick (April 2012 – May 2013)
• Kurt Wentzell (June 2000 - September 2022)
• Dave Montez (May 2013 – November 2013)
• Sarah Kate Ellis (2013 – present){{cite news|last=Reynolds|first=Daniel|title=GLAAD Announces Sarah Kate Ellis as President|url=http://www.advocate.com/politics/media/2013/11/25/glaad-announces-sarah-kate-ellis-president|newspaper=The Advocate|date=November 25, 2013|access-date=January 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202222436/http://www.advocate.com/politics/media/2013/11/25/glaad-announces-sarah-kate-ellis-president|archive-date=December 2, 2013|url-status=live}}

;Other executives

• Scott Seomin
• John Sonego

{{Main|GLAAD Media Award}}

File:Wanda Sykes 2010 GLAAD Media Awards.jpg at the 2010 GLAAD Media Awards]]

The GLAAD Media Awards were established in 1989. Ceremonies are held annually in New York City, Los Angeles and San Francisco.{{Cite web |date=October 3, 2013 |title=GLAAD History and Highlights, 1985-Present |url=https://www.glaad.org/about/history |access-date=March 17, 2022 |website=GLAAD |language=en |archive-date=November 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106085229/https://glaad.org/about/history |url-status=live }}

Established in 2002, GLAAD's Announcing Equality project has resulted in more than 1,000 newspapers including gay and lesbian announcements alongside other wedding listings.{{cite web|title=Announcing Equality|publisher=glaad.org|access-date=March 25, 2013|url=http://www.glaad.org/announcingequality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901213611/http://www.glaad.org/announcingequality|archive-date=September 1, 2011|url-status=live}}

In March 2012, GLAAD launched the Commentator Accountability Project, which seeks to index and document frequent contributors, guests and pundits who regularly express anti-LGBTQ bias and misinformation in their contributions to journalism outlets.{{cite web |url=http://www.glaad.org/cap |title=Commentator Accountability Project (CAP) |publisher=GLAAD |access-date=February 16, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116150645/http://www.glaad.org/cap/ |archive-date=January 16, 2013 |url-status=live }}

In August 2013, GLAAD launched its first annual Studio Responsibility Index, which indexes "the quantity, quality and diversity of images of LGBTQ people in films released by six major motion picture studios".{{cite web|url = http://www.glaad.org/blog/first-annual-studio-responsibility-index-finds-lack-substantial-lgbt-characters-mainstream|title = First annual Studio Responsibility Index finds lack of substantial LGBT characters in mainstream films|publisher = GLAAD|author = Max Gouttebroze|date = August 21, 2013|access-date = October 7, 2013|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130929115746/http://www.glaad.org/blog/first-annual-studio-responsibility-index-finds-lack-substantial-lgbt-characters-mainstream|archive-date = September 29, 2013|url-status = live}}

The GLAAD Media Reference Guide is a style guide of recommendations for writers, especially journalistic outlets, to reference in positive, inclusive depiction of LGBTQ people. It has been published since the 1990s (then known as the GLAAD Media Guide to the Lesbian and Gay Community{{cite web|url=http://www.glaad.org/glaad/publications.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970205073945/http://www.glaad.org/glaad/publications.html |archive-date=February 5, 1997 |title="GLAAD Publications", as archived on 5 February 1997 |date=February 5, 1997 |access-date=December 3, 2013}}), with the 11th edition, being the most recent, published in 2022.{{cite web |date=August 25, 2011 |title=GLAAD Media Reference Guide – 11th Edition |url=http://glaad.org/reference |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123153907/https://www.glaad.org/reference |archive-date=January 23, 2023 |access-date=January 28, 2023 |publisher=GLAAD}}

The 2021 GLAAD Social Media Safety Index, based on an analysis of Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, Twitter and YouTube, assessed that social media was "effectively unsafe for LGBTQ users."{{cite news |last1=Silva |first1=Cynthia |title=Top social media platforms 'unsafe' for LGBTQ users, report finds |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/top-social-media-platforms-unsafe-lgbtq-users-report-finds-rcna889 |access-date=May 11, 2021 |work=NBC News |date=May 11, 2021 |archive-date=May 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510234537/https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/top-social-media-platforms-unsafe-lgbtq-users-report-finds-rcna889 |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last1=Cohen |first1=David |title=GLAAD Calls the Entire Social Media Sector 'Unsafe for LGBTQ Users' |url=https://www.adweek.com/media/glaad-calls-the-entire-social-media-sector-unsafe-for-lgbtq-users/ |access-date=May 11, 2021 |work=Adweek |date=May 11, 2021 |archive-date=November 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106085431/https://www.adweek.com/media/glaad-calls-the-entire-social-media-sector-unsafe-for-lgbtq-users/ |url-status=live }}

GLAAD has begun the Together Movement, which encourages all to join in support of those discriminated against including women, Muslims, immigrants and members of the LGBTQ+ community.{{Cite news|url=https://www.glaad.org/together#what|title=Take the Together Pledge|date=January 31, 2017|work=GLAAD|access-date=September 29, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929140136/https://www.glaad.org/together#what|archive-date=September 29, 2017|url-status=live}}

In 2010, GLAAD launched Spirit Day. Spirit Day is an annual national day of action to show LGBTQ youth that they are not alone.GLAAD hopes to stem bullying of LGBTQ youth on Spirit Day

Author: Adams, S.

Journal: PRweek (U.S. ed.)

ISSN: 1524-1696

Date: January 8, 2016

Volume: 19 Issue: 8 Page: 16

In 2016, Spirit Day was the world's largest and most visible anti-bullying campaign. The campaign works to bring anti-bullying resources to classrooms all around the world by inspiring educators to take action against bullying through hosting events and rallies. The campaign also created a GLAAD's Spirit Day kit for use in classrooms, which is available in 6 languages.

On social media, people are encouraged to wear purple or go purple online in order to stand united against bullying. Large media companies such as NBC Universal and Viacom show support for Spirit Day on the airwaves, and change their on-air logo to purple for the day. They also enlist people who wear purple during the day's broadcast. The hashtag #Spirit Day has become a trending topic on Twitter and Facebook every year. On social media, people such as Oprah Winfrey, Ellen DeGeneres and President Barack Obama have shown their support for the campaign.

GLAAD has at times worked with companies and studios in a consultative role to help with the depiction of LGBTQ characters and themes in specific projects. In 2004, Fox provided GLAAD with an advance copy of their reality television special Seriously, Dude, I'm Gay for review. Upon review of the special, GLAAD condemned it as "an exercise in systematic humiliation."{{cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2004-06-01-0406020036-story.html|title=Seriously, dude, it's cancelled|last=|first=|date=June 1, 2004|website=Chicago Tribune|language=en-US|access-date=April 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403001836/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2004-06-01-0406020036-story.html|archive-date=April 3, 2022|url-status=live}} The special was shelved only hours before a scheduled meeting between GLAAD and Fox entertainment president Gail Berman to discuss the network's on-air depictions of gay men.{{cite magazine|last=Goodridge|first=Mike|title=Seriously, dude, it was a joke|magazine=The Advocate|volume=924 |issue=|pages=85–7|publication-date=October 12, 2004}} Ray Giuliani, an executive producer of Seriously, Dude, I'm Gay, largely attributed the special's cancellation to pressures that Fox faced from GLAAD.{{cite magazine|last=Graham|first=Chad|title=Growing Pains at GLAAD|magazine=The Advocate|volume=937 |issue=|pages=36–7|publication-date=April 26, 2005}} Following the cancellation of the special, Fox organized another meeting with GLAAD for discussion over how to improve their on-air representations of the LGBTQ community.{{cite web|url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/a14601/fox-yanks-gay-themed-reality-show/|title=FOX yanks gay-themed reality show|last=Welsh|first=James|date=May 28, 2004|website=Digital Spy|language=en-US|access-date=April 3, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403174058/https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/a14601/fox-yanks-gay-themed-reality-show/|archive-date=April 3, 2022|url-status=live}} Following the cancellation of Seriously, Dude, I'm Gay the executive producers of the TBS series He's a Lady consulted GLAAD for review of the transgender representation in their own program.{{cite magazine|last=Goodridge|first=Mike|title=Dude looks like a lady|magazine=The Advocate|volume=925|issue=|page=60|publication-date=October 26, 2004}}

The crossover fighting game Street Fighter X Tekken, developed by Japanese video game developer and publisher Capcom, was released in 2012.{{cite web |last1=McWhertor |first1=Michael |title=Tekken producer confirms the death of Tekken X Street Fighter |url=https://www.polygon.com/22543485/tekken-x-street-fighter-canceled-katsuhiro-harada-bandai-namco-capcom |website=Polygon |publisher=Vox Media |access-date=February 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130012206/https://www.polygon.com/22543485/tekken-x-street-fighter-canceled-katsuhiro-harada-bandai-namco-capcom |archive-date=November 30, 2021 |date=June 21, 2021 |url-status=live}} The game features Poison, who is a transgender woman, as a playable character.{{cite web |last1=Henley |first1=Stacey |title=Street Fighter's Poison is a metaphor for the evolution of trans characters |url=https://www.techradar.com/news/street-fighters-poison-is-a-metaphor-for-the-evolution-of-trans-characters |website=TechRadar |publisher=Future plc |access-date=February 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121184548/https://www.techradar.com/news/street-fighters-poison-is-a-metaphor-for-the-evolution-of-trans-characters |archive-date=January 21, 2021 |date=January 20, 2021 |url-status=live}} Capcom worked closely with GLAAD on the game's script{{cite web |last1=Kane |first1=Matt |title=2012: Reviewing the Year in Gayming |work=GLAAD |url=https://www.glaad.org/blog/2012-reviewing-year-gayming |access-date=February 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222130718/https://www.glaad.org/blog/2012-reviewing-year-gayming |archive-date=February 22, 2022 |date=December 25, 2012 |url-status=live}} to ensure they do not "alienate anybody" in regard to Poison's representation, and "anything that might be offensive has been very tailored to not be".{{cite magazine |last1=Patterson |first1=Eric L. |title=EGM Interview: Street Fighter X Tekken's Yoshinori Ono |url=http://www.egmnow.com/articles/news/egm-interviewyoshinori-ono/ |magazine=Electronic Gaming Monthly |publisher=EGM Media, LLC |access-date=February 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104174455/http://www.egmnow.com/articles/news/egm-interviewyoshinori-ono/ |archive-date=January 4, 2015 |date=October 10, 2011 |url-status=dead}}

Tell Me Why is an episodic narrative adventure game developed by French studio Dontnod Entertainment and published by Xbox Game Studios in 2020.{{cite web |last1=Martens |first1=Todd |title='Tell Me Why' makes video game history with a transgender lead role |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2020-09-01/tell-me-why-makes-video-game-history-with-a-transgender-lead-role |website=Los Angeles Times |access-date=February 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214120208/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2020-09-01/tell-me-why-makes-video-game-history-with-a-transgender-lead-role |archive-date=December 14, 2021 |date=September 1, 2020 |url-status=live}} The game focuses on twin siblings Alyson and Tyler Ronan, who is a transgender man. Tell Me Why was the first Triple-A game to feature a transgender protagonist.{{cite web |last1=Henley |first1=Stacey |title=Meet Tyler Ronan, the first transgender triple-A video game protagonist |url=https://www.vg247.com/meet-tyler-ronan-first-transgender-triple-video-game-protagonist |website=VG247 |publisher=Gamer Network |access-date=February 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222011806/https://www.vg247.com/meet-tyler-ronan-first-transgender-triple-video-game-protagonist |archive-date=February 22, 2022 |date=February 18, 2020 |url-status=live}} GLAAD helped in creating Tyler's character,{{cite web |last1=Farokhmanesh |first1=Megan |title=Life is Strange developer unveils new mystery game, Tell Me Why |url=https://www.theverge.com/entertainment/2019/11/14/20964923/life-is-strange-tell-me-why-dontnod-xbox-pc |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |access-date=February 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118040144/https://www.theverge.com/entertainment/2019/11/14/20964923/life-is-strange-tell-me-why-dontnod-xbox-pc |archive-date=January 18, 2022 |date=November 14, 2019 |url-status=live}} with the game's director Florent Guillaume described GLAAD as "invaluable" in developing Tyler's character and making him a "realistic hero". GLAAD's director of transgender representation Nick Adams served as consultant who, amongst other areas, helped ensure that Tyler would be played by a trans actor; August Black. Adams described authentic representations of trans people in media as a "powerful tool for acceptance and understanding".{{cite web |last1=Silva |first1=Cynthia |title=Tell Me Why: Video game features transgender lead character |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/tell-me-why-video-game-features-transgender-lead-character-n1239123 |publisher=NBC News |access-date=February 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729235849/https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/tell-me-why-video-game-features-transgender-lead-character-n1239123 |archive-date=July 29, 2021 |date=September 3, 2020 |url-status=live}}

The third season of Young Justice consulted GLAAD on the subject of representing minority characters and narratives.{{cite web |last1=Weisman |first1=Greg |author1-link=Greg Weisman |title=Question #25191 |url=https://www.s8.org/gargoyles/askgreg/search.php?qid=25191 |website=Ask Greg |access-date=February 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223210457/https://www.s8.org/gargoyles/askgreg/search.php?qid=25191 |archive-date=February 23, 2022 |date=October 25, 2021 |url-status=live}}

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