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GNGT2

{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}}

{{Infobox_gene}}

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 is a signalling protein protein that in humans and vertebrates is encoded by the GNGT2 gene.{{cite journal |vauthors=Ong OC, Hu K, Rong H, Lee RH, Fung BK | title = Gene structure and chromosome localization of the G gamma c subunit of human cone G-protein (GNGT2) | journal = Genomics | volume = 44 | issue = 1 | pages = 101–9 |date=Nov 1997 | pmid = 9286705 | doi = 10.1006/geno.1997.4814 }}{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GNGT2 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma transducing activity polypeptide 2| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2793}}

{{cite web |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/?term=GNGT2

|title=GNGT2 Gene search NCBI

|author=

|date=2024-02-18

|website=National Center for Biotechnology Information

|access-date=2024-02-18

|quote="vertebrates (410)"

}} Either GNGT1 or GNGT2 is the gamma subunit of the Gβγ part of transducin (written G(T) or Gt), a heterotrimeric G-protein naturally expressed in vertebrate retina rod and cone cell of the eye, where it is thought to play a crucial role in phototransduction. GNGT2 only occurs in cone cells, and GNGT1 only occurs in rod cells.

As the gamma subunit (Gγ) of three different families of G proteins (G(I)/Gi, G(S)/Gs and G(O)Go), GNGT2 is expressed in at least 23 tissues{{cite web | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2793 | title=GNGT2 G protein subunit gamma transducin 2 [Homo sapiens (Human)] - Gene - NCBI }} and other cell types, including monocytes of the vertebrate innate immune system, where at increased levels it has been shown to be a potential prognostic marker for some types of cancer, including esophageal cancer.

{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=GM |last2=Ji X |first2=X |last3=Lu TC |first3=TC |last4=Duan |first4=LW

|title=Comprehensive multi-omics analysis identified core molecular processes in esophageal cancer and revealed GNGT2 as a potential prognostic marker |journal=World J. Gastroenterol. |date=2019-12-28 |volume=25 |issue=48 |pages=6890–6901 |doi=10.3748/wjg.v25.i48.6890 |doi-access=free |pmid=31908393 |pmc=6938725}}

Several transcript variants encoding the GNGT2 protein have been found for the GNGT2 gene. There is evidence for use of multiple polyadenylation sites by this gene.

References

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Further reading

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  • {{cite journal | author=Cohen NA |title=Inhibition of an inward rectifier potassium channel (Kir2.3) by G-protein betagamma subunits |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 50 |pages= 32301–5 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8943291 |doi=10.1074/jbc.271.50.32301 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Sha Q | author3=Makhina EN | display-authors=3 | last4=Lopatin | first4=AN | last5=Linder | first5=ME | last6=Snyder | first6=SH | last7=Nichols | first7=CG | doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Huang CL, Jan YN, Jan LY |title=Binding of the G protein betagamma subunit to multiple regions of G protein-gated inward-rectifying K+ channels |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=405 |issue= 3 |pages= 291–8 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9108307 |doi=10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00197-X |s2cid=44072628 |doi-access= }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Cook LA |title=Identification of a region in G protein γ subunits conserved across species but hypervariable among subunit isoforms |journal=Protein Sci. |volume=10 |issue= 12 |pages= 2548–55 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11714923 |doi=10.1110/ps.ps.26401 | pmc=2374038 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Schey KL | author3=Cleator JH | display-authors=3 | last4=Wilcox | first4=Michael D. | last5=Dingus | first5=Jane | last6=Hildebrandt | first6=John D. }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Feingold EA | author3=Grouse LH | display-authors=3 | last4=Derge | first4=JG | last5=Klausner | first5=RD | last6=Collins | first6=FS | last7=Wagner | first7=L | last8=Shenmen | first8=CM | last9=Schuler | first9=GD |bibcode=2002PNAS...9916899M |doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Cuello F |title=Activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by a high energy phosphate transfer via nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) B and Gbeta subunits. Complex formation of NDPK B with Gbeta gamma dimers and phosphorylation of His-266 IN Gbeta |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=278 |issue= 9 |pages= 7220–6 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12486123 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M210304200 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Schulze RA | author3=Heemeyer F | display-authors=3 | last4=Meyer | first4=HE | last5=Lutz | first5=S | last6=Jakobs | first6=KH | last7=Niroomand | first7=F | last8=Wieland | first8=T | doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Ivanina T |title=Mapping the Gbetagamma-binding sites in GIRK1 and GIRK2 subunits of the G protein-activated K+ channel |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=278 |issue= 31 |pages= 29174–83 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12743112 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M304518200 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Rishal I | author3=Varon D | display-authors=3 | last4=Mullner | first4=C | last5=Frohnwieser-Steinecke | first5=B | last6=Schreibmayer | first6=W | last7=Dessauer | first7=CW | last8=Dascal | first8=N | doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Gerhard DS |title=The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 | pmc=528928 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Wagner L | author3=Feingold EA | display-authors=3 | last4=Shenmen | first4=CM | last5=Grouse | first5=LH | last6=Schuler | first6=G | last7=Klein | first7=SL | last8=Old | first8=S | last9=Rasooly | first9=R }}
  • {{cite journal | author=DePuy SD |title=The molecular basis for T-type Ca2+ channel inhibition by G protein β2γ2 subunits |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=103 |issue= 39 |pages= 14590–5 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16973746 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.0603945103 | pmc=1600004 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Yao J | author3=Hu C | display-authors=3 | last4=McIntire | first4=W | last5=Bidaud | first5=I | last6=Lory | first6=P | last7=Rastinejad | first7=F | last8=Gonzalez | first8=C | last9=Garrison | first9=JC |bibcode=2006PNAS..10314590D |doi-access=free }}

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{{Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins}}

{{gene-17-stub}}