GQM

GQM has been promoted by Victor Basili of the University of Maryland, College Park and the Software Engineering Laboratory at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center{{Cite web|title=Software Engineering Division/Code 580|url=https://sed.gsfc.nasa.gov/|access-date=2021-03-18|website=sed.gsfc.nasa.gov}} after supervising a Ph.D. thesis by Dr. David M. Weiss.{{Cite journal|last1=Basili|first1=V. R.|last2=Weiss|first2=D. M.|date=November 1984|title=A Methodology for Collecting Valid Software Engineering Data|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5010301|journal=IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering|volume=SE-10|issue=6|pages=728–738|doi=10.1109/TSE.1984.5010301|issn=1939-3520|hdl=1903/7513|s2cid=10114944 |hdl-access=free}} Dr. Weiss' work was inspired by the work of Albert Endres at IBM Germany.{{Cite web|title=Homepage Albert Endres|url=http://www.aendres.de/index.htm|access-date=2021-03-18|website=www.aendres.de}}{{Cite book|last=Endres|first=Albert|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50417309|title=A handbook of software and systems engineering : empirical observations, laws, and theories|date=2003|publisher=Pearson Addison Wesley|others=H. Dieter Rombach|isbn=0-321-15420-7|location=Harlow, England|oclc=50417309}}{{Cite journal|last=Endres|first=Albert|date=1975-04-01|title=An analysis of errors and their causes in system programs|journal=ACM SIGPLAN Notices|volume=10|issue=6|pages=327–336|doi=10.1145/390016.808455|issn=0362-1340|doi-access=free}}

GQM defines a measurement model on three levels:{{Cite web|last1=Basili|first1=V.|last2=Caldiera|first2=G.|last3=Rombach|first3=H. D.|date=1994|title=The Goal Question Metric Approach|s2cid=13884048 |language=en}}

; 1. Conceptual level (Goal): A goal is defined for an object, for a variety of reasons, with respect to various models of quality, from various points of view and relative to a particular environment.

; 2. Operational level (Question): A set of questions is used to define models of the object of study and then focuses on that object to characterize the assessment or achievement of a specific goal.

; 3. Quantitative level (Metric){{Cite book|last=Huether|first=Derek|title=Metrics Cookbook|year=2020|isbn=9798586916082|pages=11}}: A set of metrics, based on the models, is associated with every question in order to answer it in a measurable way.

Another interpretation of the procedure is:{{Cite book|last=Solingen|first=Rini van|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43551689|title=The goal/question/metric method : a practical guide for quality improvement of software development|date=1999|publisher=McGraw-Hill|others=Egon Berghout|isbn=0-07-709553-7|location=London|oclc=43551689}}

1. Planning
2. Definition
3. Data collection
4. Interpretation

Sub-steps are needed for each phases. To complete the definition phase, an eleven-step procedure is proposed:

1. Define measurement goals
2. Review or produce software process models
3. Conduct GQM interviews
4. Define questions and hypotheses
5. Review questions and hypotheses
6. Define metrics
7. Check metrics on consistency and completeness
8. Produce GQM plan
9. Produce measurement plan
10. Produce analysis plan
11. Review plans

The GQM+Strategies approach was developed by Victor Basili and a group of researchers from the Fraunhofer Society.{{Cite conference

| publisher = Österreichische Computer Gesellschaft

| isbn = 978-3-85403-246-5

| last = Basili

| first = V.R. |author2=J. Heidrich |author3=M. Lindvall |author4=J. Münch |author5=C.B. Seaman |author6=M. Regardie |author7=A. Trendowicz

| title = Determining the impact of business strategies using principles from goal-oriented measurement

| book-title = Business Services: Konzepte, Technologien, Anwendungen. 9. Internationale Tagung Wirtschaftsinformatik

| location = Vienna, Austria

| series = Books OCG

| date = 2009

}} It is based on the Goal Question Metric paradigm and adds the capability to create measurement programs that ensure alignment between business goals and strategies, software-specific goals, and measurement goals.

Novel application of GQM towards business data are described.{{Cite book|last=Southekal|first=Prashanth H.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/970616125|title=Data for business performance : the Goal-Question-Metric (GQM) model to transform business data into an enterprise asset|date=2017|isbn=978-1-63462-184-7|location=Basking Ridge, NJ|oclc=970616125}} Specifically in the software engineering areas of Quality assurance and Testing, GQM is used.{{Citation|last=Witte|first=Frank|title=Goal Question Metric|date=2018|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-19845-9_22|work=Metriken für das Testreporting: Analyse und Reporting für wirkungsvolles Testmanagement|pages=145–150|editor-last=Witte|editor-first=Frank|place=Wiesbaden|publisher=Springer Fachmedien|language=de|doi=10.1007/978-3-658-19845-9_22|isbn=978-3-658-19845-9|access-date=2021-03-18|url-access=subscription}}

• [https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1576650 Victor R. Basili's contributions to software quality] (IEEE Software, 2006)
• Solingen/Berghout: [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/243765439_The_GoalQuestionMetric_Method_A_Practical_Guide_for_Quality_Improvement_of_Software_Development The Goal/Question/Metric Method: A Practical Guide for Quality Improvement of Software Development] (PDF, 2015)

• Software quality

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Category:Software metrics

Category:Software quality