G cell

{{Short description|Type of cell in the stomach and duodenum that secretes gastrin}}

{{Infobox cell

| Name = G cell

| Latin = endocrinocytus G

| Image = Control-of-stomach-acid-sec.png

| Caption = Control of stomach acid

| Image2 =

| Caption2 =

| Precursor =

| System = Digestive system

| Location = Stomach and duodenum

| Function = Gastrin secretion

}}

A G cell or gastrin cell is a type of cell in the stomach and duodenum that secretes gastrin. It works in conjunction with gastric chief cells and parietal cells. G cells are found deep within the pyloric glands of the stomach antrum, and occasionally in the pancreas{{citation |url=http://www.medcyclopaedia.com/library/topics/volume_iv_1/g/G_cell.aspx|title=G cell|publisher=GE|work=Medcyclopaedia}}{{dead link|date=September 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} and duodenum. The vagus nerve innervates the G cells. Gastrin-releasing peptide is released by the post-ganglionic fibers of the vagus nerve onto G cells during parasympathetic stimulation. The peptide hormone bombesin also stimulates gastrin from G cells. Gastrin-releasing peptide, as well as the presence of amino acids in the stomach, stimulates the release of gastrin from the G cells. Gastrin stimulates enterochromaffin-like cells to secrete histamine.{{Cite book| edition = 11| publisher = Elsevier Saunders| isbn = 0-7216-0240-1| page = 797| last = Guyton| first = Arthur C.|author2=John E. Hall| title = Textbook of Medical Physiology| location = Philadelphia| date = 2006}} Gastrin also targets parietal cells by increasing the amount of histamine and the direct stimulation by gastrin, causing the parietal cells to increase HCl secretion in the stomach. G-cells frequently express PD-L1 during homeostasis which protects them from Helicobacter pylori-induced immune destruction {{cite journal | vauthors = Mommersteeg MC, Yu BT, van den Bosch TP, von der Thüsen JH, Kuipers EJ, Doukas M, Spaander MC, Peppelenbosch MP, Fuhler GM | title = Constitutive programmed death ligand 1 expression protects gastric G-cells from Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation | journal = Helicobacter | volume = 27 | issue = 5 | pages = e12917 | date = October 2022 | pmid = 35899973 | doi = 10.1111/hel.12917| pmc = 9542424 |doi-access=free }}