Gabrièle Buffet-Picabia

Gabrielle Buffet was the daughter of Alphée Buffet and his wife, Laure ({{nee}} Hugueteau de Chaillé). She studied music at the Schola Cantorum in Paris with Vincent d'Indy, later in Berlin with Ferruccio Busoni. She grew up with a brother artist who painted in the classical manner (See: classicism), far removed from the visionary works of her future husband,{{Cite journal|last=Le Vaillant|first=Luc|date=July 2017|title=2 soeurs. 3 femmes|url=http://next.liberation.fr/livres/2017/07/24/anne-et-claire-berest-2-soeurs-3-femmes_1585891|journal=Libération|language=fr|page=24}} the painter Francis Picabia, whom she married in January 1909. Her influence inspired Picabia to compose his paintings as musical pieces.

File:Gabriele-et-francis-picabia-a-seville1909 01.webp

In Zurich, Gabrielle and Francis met Hans Arp and Tristan Tzara. In October 1912, while she was with her mother in the family home of Étival, Picabia rejoined her along with Guillaume Apollinaire and Marcel Duchamp.Gabrièle Buffet-Picabia, Aires abstraites, Pierre Cailler Éditeur, Geneva, 1957 Apollinaire there completed his poem Zone, which begins the cycle entitled Alcools.

This journey served as an inspiration to Duchamp who wrote four notes marginales, " Route Jura-Paris " from La Boîte de 1914.Duchamp du signe, Flammarion, collection " Champs", 1994, (pp. 41–42). Duchamp created a prelude to his work La Mariée mise à nu par ses célibataires, même. On the basis of the meeting, a book was published with essays on Cubism, Les peintres cubistes, by Apollinaire, financed by Picabia.Quoted from the Weblink jura-paris-centenary.com In the magazine View, Charles Henry Ford describes her as one of the first to write a serious account of 'Duchamphenomena'. {{Cite book|title=View : the modern magazine.|last=Ford, Charles Henri.|year=1945|oclc=930071352}}

The marriage with Francis Picabia, which produced four children, Laure, Pancho, Jeanine and Vincente, ended in divorce in 1930.

From 1941, during the Second World War, she was a member of the French Resistance in Paris, alongside Samuel Beckett, Mary Reynolds, Suzanne Dechevaux-Dumesnil, and others.[http://www.artic.edu/reynolds/essays/godlewski3.php Mary Reynolds] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503051238/http://www.artic.edu/reynolds/essays/godlewski3.php |date=3 May 2014 }}, artic.edu, accessdate 27 March 2017. She was second in command in her region and her studio was a safe house for soldiers escaping via the Belgian-French line. Her daughter Jeanine was also in the resistance and the two of them avoided arrest. Others were arrested as their organisation was infiltrated and the Gestapo arrested another daughter, Marie, who was not a member of the resistance. Marie's husband was away and her children were without their mother so Gabrielle spent time with them in Lyon whilst still working for the resistance.{{Cite book|last=Ottis|first=Sherri Greene|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a-MzEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT104|title=Silent Heroes: Downed Airmen and the French Underground|date=2021-12-14|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|isbn=978-0-8131-8838-6|language=en}}

Later, she was involved with Maurice Montet as he organised another line in the "south zone". Her significant contribution was later belittled possibly because others could not believe that a middle aged woman had been so involved.{{Cite book|last=Rossiter|first=Margaret L.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LF_KJgAACAAJ|title=Women in the Resistance|date=1986|page=48|publisher=Praeger|isbn=978-0-275-91812-5|language=en}} In fact, after Montet was arrested as a result of the double agent Jacques Desoubrie she left her place in Dieulefit and went further south climbing over the Pyrennes and travelling to Barcelona and Madrid. She went as far as Gibraltar where she was given a place to stay. She consulted with Donald Darling, a British diplomat and MI9 member known as "Sunday". He had a flat in Main Street, Gibraltar{{Cite web|title=Donald Darling|url=https://ww2escapelines.co.uk/article/donald-darling/|access-date=2022-01-03|website=WW2 Escape Lines Memorial Society|language=en-GB}} and he organised for her to be evacuated by air to Britain.

In 1967 Marcel Janco and Greta Deses made a film titled "Dada" which included interviews with Marcel Duchamp, Max Ernst, Man Ray, Hans Richter and Gabrièle Buffet-Picabia.{{Cite web|title=DADA (1967)|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7078f773|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303021836/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b7078f773|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 March 2021|access-date=2022-01-03|website=BFI|language=en}} The film competed in the 2001 Cannes Film Festival.{{Cite web|title=Greta DESES|url=https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/festival/artist/greta-deses|access-date=2022-01-03|website=Festival de Cannes 2021|language=en}}

In 1968 the Hanover Gallery in London had an exhibition of her and her husband's work.{{Cite web|title=Francis Picabia / Gabrielle Buffet. Hanover Gallery,, London, 12 March - 19 April 1968. by PICABIA, FRANCIS.: Very Good Soft cover (1968) 1st Edition {{!}} Roe and Moore|url=https://www.abebooks.com/first-edition/Francis-Picabia-Gabrielle-Buffet-Hanover-Gallery/30734880252/bd|access-date=2022-01-03|website=www.abebooks.com|language=en}}

She died in 1985 at the age of 104.

In August 2017, Gabriëlle, written by Anne and Claire Berest, was published by Stock. The authors are great-granddaughters of Buffet-Picabia, and their biography underscores Buffet-Picabia's decisive influence within avant-garde circles. According to an interview with the Berests (Bibliothèque Médicis, 2017), a second volume of Buffet-Picabia's life may follow.

• {{IMDb title|qid=Q124251404|title=Dada}} (1967 documentary by Marcel Janco and Greta Deses)

• Impressionnisme musical. In: Section d'Or, Nr. 1, 9. October 1912
• Modern Art and the public. In: Camera Work, June 1913
• Musique d’aujourd'hui. In: Les Soirées de Paris, Nr. 22, March 1914
• Jean Arp, Essay. In: L’Art abstrait, Presses littéraires de France, 1952
• Aires abstraites. Pierre Cailler Éditeur, Geneva 1957 (foreword by Jean Arp)
• Picabia, l’inventeur. In: L'Œil, Nr. 18, June 1956
• DADA. Dichtungen der Gründer. Dada Gedichte von Andre Breton, Gabrielle Buffet, F. Hardekopf, Emmy Hennings, J. van Hoddis, R. Huelsenbeck, Marcel Janco, W. Kandinsky, Francis Picabia, Walter Serner, Ph. Soupault, Tristan Tzara. Peter Schifferli Verlags AG Die Arche, Zürich 1957
• Rencontres avec Picabia, Apollinaire, Cravan, Duchamp, Arp, Calder. P. Belfond, Paris 1977, {{ISBN|2-7144-1113-4}}
• Gabriëlle, Anne Berest, Claire Berest, Paris, 450p, collection La Bleue, Stock, 2017, {{ISBN|2234080320}}

• Clemens Brentano, Histoire du brave Gaspard et de la belle Annette, Paris, Mercure de France - Bruxelles, Nouvelle Revue de Belgique, 1942
• Vassily Kandinsky, Regard sur le passé, {{ill|Galerie René Drouin|fr}}, 1946

{{reflist}}

• [http://www.francaislibres.net/liste/fiche.php?index=58591 Fiche sur les site des Français libres]
• [http://www.ina.fr/art-et-culture/litterature/video/CPF86632043/naissance-de-l-esprit-dada.fr.html Naissance de l'esprit Dada] sur le site de l'INA
• [http://www.centrepompidou.fr/cpv/ressource.action;jsessionid=170E23BE4FD3ED4672178022178FFA14?param.id=id¶m.idSource=FR_DO-1855568f703d4d4c6b4f6019ad8a Correspondance avec André Breton] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130701154656/http://www.centrepompidou.fr/cpv/ressource.action;jsessionid=170E23BE4FD3ED4672178022178FFA14?param.id=id¶m.idSource=FR_DO-1855568f703d4d4c6b4f6019ad8a |date=1 July 2013 }}
• [http://www.jura-paris-centenary.com/fr/home-of-artists.html Short biography] in jura-paris-centenary.com
• [http://www.francaislibres.net/liste/telechar/livreor/14509glivor.jpg Photograph of the Picabia, 1921]

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Category:Dada

Category:20th-century French essayists

Category:French art critics

Category:French women centenarians

Category:1881 births

Category:People from Fontainebleau

Category:1985 deaths

Category:French women art critics

Category:20th-century French women writers

Category:French women essayists

Category:French Resistance members

Category:Francis Picabia