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Gajret

{{Short description|Cultural society}}

{{Infobox organization

| name = Gajret

|image =

|size = 100px

|motto =

|founders= Osman Đikić
Safvet-beg Bašagić
Edhem Mulabdić

|type =

|formation = 1903

|defunct = 1941

|headquarters = Sarajevo

|membership =

|leader_title=

|leader_name =

|leader_title2 =

|leader_name2 =

|language =

|}}

Gajret was a cultural society established in 1903 that promoted Serb identity among the Slavic Muslims of Austria-Hungary (today's Bosnia and Herzegovina).{{sfn|Allworth|1994|p=125}} After 1929, it was known as the Serb Muslim Cultural Society.{{sfn|Allworth|1994|p=125}}

History

After the 1914 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand leadership of the association was interned in Arad.{{cite book |author= Aleksa Mikić |editor = Živan Milisavac |date=1971 |title=Jugoslovenski književni leksikon |trans-title=Yugoslav Literary Lexicon |publisher=Matica srpska |language=sh |location= Novi Sad (SAP Vojvodina, SR Serbia) |page=129 }}

The organization viewed that the South-Slavic Muslims were Serbs lacking ethnic consciousness.{{sfn|Allworth|1994|p=126}} The view that South-Slavic Muslims were Serbs is probably the oldest of three ethnic theories among the Bosnian Muslims themselves.{{sfn|Allworth|1994|p=116}} After the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Bosnian Muslims, feeling threatened by Catholic Habsburg rule, established several organizations.{{sfn|Allworth|1994|p=116}} These included, apart from Gajret, the Muslim National Organization (1906) and the United Muslim Organization (1911).{{sfn|Allworth|1994|p=116}} In 1912, after the death of Osman Đikić, the editing of Gajret was entrusted to Avdo Sumbul.{{cite book|last=književnost|first=Institut za jezik i književnost u Sarajevu. Odjeljenje za|title=Godišnjak Odjeljenja za književnost|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jYNiAAAAMAAJ|year=1974|publisher=Institut za jezik i književnost u Sarajevu|page=101}}

Gajret's main rival was the pro-Croat Muslim organization Narodna Uzdanica,{{sfn|Hoare|2007|pp=132–133}} established in 1924.{{sfn|Allworth|1994|p=126}} In interwar Yugoslavia, members experienced persecution at the hands of non-Serbs due to their political inclinations.{{sfn|Hoare|2013|p=41}} In this period association run a number of student dormitories in Mostar, Sarajevo, Belgrade and Novi Pazar.

During World War II, the association was dismantled by the Independent State of Croatia.{{sfn|Greble|2011|p=121}} Some members, non-Communists, joined or collaborated with the Yugoslav Partisans (such as M. Sudžuka, Z. Šarac, H. Brkić, H. Ćemerlić, and M. Zaimović{{sfn|Hoare|2007|p=132}}). Ismet Popovac and Fehim Musakadić joined the Chetniks.

In 1945, a new Muslim organization, Preporod, was founded in order to replace the pro-Serb Gajret and pro-Croat Narodna Uzdanica.{{sfn|Hoare|2013|p=356}} The former organizations voted for and were merged into Preporod.{{sfn|Hoare|2013|p=356}} In 1996 it was reestablished as a Bosniak cultural association.{{sfn|Hoare|2013|p=41}}

Notable members

See also

References

{{Reflist|3}}

Sources

{{Refbegin}}

  • {{cite book|last=Allworth|first=Edward|title=Muslim Communities Reemerge: Historical Perspectives on Nationality, Politics, and Opposition in the Former Soviet Union and Yugoslavia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f1qUHMl3JfgC&pg=PA125|year=1994|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=0-8223-1490-8}}
  • {{cite book|last=Greble|first=Emily|title=Sarajevo 1941–1945: Muslims, Christians, and Jews in Hitler's Europe|url=https://archive.org/details/sarajevo1941194500greb|url-access=registration|year=2011|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-6121-7|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sarajevo1941194500greb/page/15 15], 34–35, 39, 121, 124, 163, 235, 237}}
  • {{cite book|last=Hoare|first=Marko Attila|title=The History of Bosnia: From the Middle Ages to the Present Day|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OWQtAQAAIAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Saqi|isbn=978-0-86356-953-1|pages=131–133}}
  • {{cite book|last=Hoare|first=Marko Attila|title=The Bosnian Muslims in the Second World War|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pf8EAQAAQBAJ|year=2013|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-936531-9|pages=41, 44, 68, 142, 126–7, 144–5, 171, 176, 356}}

{{Refend}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Bosniak history

Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina Muslims

Category:Yugoslav Bosnia and Herzegovina

Category:Ethnic organizations based in Yugoslavia

Category:Ethnic organizations based in Austria-Hungary

Category:Organizations established in 1903

Category:1903 establishments in Austria-Hungary

Category:1900s establishments in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Category:1941 disestablishments in Europe

Category:Islamic organizations based in Yugoslavia

Category:Organizations based in Bosnia and Herzegovina